Abstract: Processing relaxation for aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) is discussed for networks that include full dimension multiple input, multiple output (FD-MIMO) operations. A user equipment (UE) operating in such a system monitors for the presence of aperiodic CSI-RS. When such aperiodic CSI-RS are detected, the UE may provide process relaxation in CSI reporting by transmitting aperiodic CSI reporting according to an uplink shared channel limitation, or by relaxing the processing of the aperiodic CSI reporting transmitted by the UE, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A test device configured to test a device under test (DUT) performing an interface of a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) operation includes a logic generation/determination device configured to generate multiple bits corresponding to a test pattern, first and second drivers configured to generate respective first and second non return to zero (NRZ) signals according to a logic state of respective first and second bits among the multiple bits and output the respective generated first and second NRZ signals via respective first and second channels. The first NRZ signal has a first high level or a first low level according to the logic state of the first bit, and the second NRZ signal has a second high level or a second low level according to the logic state of the second bit. The first and second high levels are different from each other.

Abstract: The disclosure provides transmission methods and apparatuses. One example includes sending control signaling to a terminal device, to indicate the terminal device to send a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on a first frequency band; and receiving the PUSCH sent by the terminal device on the first frequency band. The first frequency band includes at least one guard subcarrier. A quantity of the at least one guard subcarrier is determined based on a Doppler frequency shift of a beam covering the terminal device. The first frequency band is located on a frequency band corresponding to the beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field programmable gate array system that provides phase control with minimal latency.

Abstract: A system for includes master and sniffer devices. The master device includes: first antennas with different polarized axes; a transmitter transmitting a challenge signal via the first antennas from the vehicle to a slave device, where the slave device is a portable access device; and a receiver receiving a response signal in response to the challenge signal from the slave device. The sniffer device includes: second antennas with different polarized axes; and a receiver receiving, via the second antennas, the challenge signal from the transmitter and the response signal from the slave device. The sniffer device measures when the challenge signal and the response signal arrive at the sniffer device to provide arrival times. The master or sniffer device estimates at least one of a distance from the vehicle to the slave device or a location of the slave device relative to the vehicle based on the arrival times.

Abstract: A loss correction encoding device having an improved capability of loss correction using LDPC-CC includes a rearranging unit that rearranges information data contained in n information packets according to the constraint length Kmax and the encoding rate (q?1)/q of a check polynomial of the loss correction code used in a loss correction encoding unit. Specifically, the rearranging unit rearranges the information data in such a way that continuous Kmax×(q?1) pieces of information data after rearrangement are contained in different information packets. The rearranging unit distributes the information data to information blocks from n information packets, where n satisfies the formula Kmax×(q?1)?n.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for transmitting control information in a header of a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), such as an IEEE 802.11 compliant PPDU. Embodiments include indicating control features in an EDMG PPDU for Wireless LAN communications. The method and system may include overloading at least one bit of a Scrambler Initialization Field in the PPDU header (e.g. the PHY header) to convey control information, as well as to be used to initialize the scrambler shift register. The same header bits are thus used for both purposes. Examples of control information include a primary channel, channel width or MIMO configuration to be used in further communication.

Abstract: An integrated-circuit device comprising first and second radio systems. The first radio system comprises a first processor coupled to a first program memory and a first radio. The second radio system comprises a second processor coupled to a second program memory and a second radio. The device further comprises inter-processor communication (IPC) circuitry coupled to the first and second processors, for providing an IPC channel between the first and second processors. First software, stored in the first program memory for execution by the first processor comprises instructions for causing the first processor, in response to receiving a signal from the first radio, to send an electrical signal over the IPC channel to the second processor for causing second software stored in the second program memory to cause the second processor to send a command to the second radio.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a compression technique of feedback samples for digital predistortion. A system (100) may comprise a feedback receiver (116) configured to receive feedback signal of a power amplifier (112) output and determine a set of under-sampled samples based on the feedback signal; a compressing circuitry (130) configured to: obtain the under-sampled samples; and compress the under-sampled samples, wherein two or more consecutive under-sampled samples are combined into one or more single samples based on one or more predetermined parameters; and a model coefficient training circuitry (102) configured to receive the compressed under-sampled samples and determine model coefficients for digital predistortion based on the compressed under-sampled samples. A system and a method are disclosed.

Abstract: Method of resource selection where a selection window with a total number of resources is set. The method includes setting a sensing window and monitoring slots by decoding a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and measuring a reference signal received power (RSRP), setting a threshold, excluding any restricted resources from the total number of resources, excluding any occupied resources from the total number of resources, and determining if an initial number of remaining resources is greater than or equal to an initial percentage of the total number of resources.

Abstract: Disclosed herein includes a system, a method, and a device for managing energy detection thresholds. A device can perform an energy detection (ED) measurement of a channel, comparing against a defined ED threshold function, so as to determine if the channel is occupied. The device can perform a measurement of a channel indicative of a power level of signals detected in the channel. The device can compare the measurement to a threshold having a value that is a continuous monotonic function having a sloped region between a first region having a first constant value and a second region having a second constant value. The sloped region can include a function of a maximum transmit power of the device and at least one of the first constant value or the second constant value. The device can determine, responsive to the comparison, whether the channel is occupied or unoccupied.

Abstract: Provided is an encoder capable of suppressing a decrease in detection accuracy. The encoder includes a moving plate, a light irradiator that irradiates a code pattern with light, and a light receiver. The code pattern includes a light guider and a non-light guider. A code pattern array is an array in which an error correction code for correcting an error is inserted into a position information data string that can specify a position. The light receiver includes a position detecting light receiving element that reads a position array of a code pattern and a position correcting light receiving element that outputs information for correcting an error.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes a first communication apparatus obtains information bit information of an ith sub-block, where the information bit information of the ith sub-block includes information bits of the ith sub-block and an information bit length of the ith sub-block, and i is a positive integer; obtains a matrix order M of the RM corresponding to the first communication apparatus in the ith sub-block, where M is a positive integer; then obtains, based on M, a first P matrix and a first b vector that are used to generate an RM; then generates, based on the first P matrix and the first b vector, the RM sequence corresponding to the ith sub-block; and finally, outputs the RM sequence corresponding to the ith sub-block.

Abstract: A buffer circuit includes a primary interface, a secondary interface, and an encoder/decoder circuit. The primary interface is configured to communicate on an n-bit channel, wherein n parallel bits on the n-bit channel are coded using data bit inversion (DBI). The secondary interface is configured to communicate with a plurality of integrated circuit devices on a plurality of m-bit channels, each m-bit channel transmitting m parallel bits without using DBI. And the encoder/decoder circuit is configured to translate data words between the n-bit channel of the primary interface and the plurality of m-bit channels of the secondary interface.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a transmitting device may perform a pre-distortion of a signal on a resource allocation for the signal and using discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-domain processing. For example, the transmitting device may perform a first frequency-domain (FD) to time-domain (TD) transform, which may be an example of an inverse DFT (IDFT), on a first set of FD symbols to obtain a first set of TD samples. A size of the first FD to TD transform may be based on the resource allocation for the signal. The transmitting device may perform a crest factor reduction (CFR) function on the first set of TD samples to pre-distort the signal in the TD (e.g., in the IDFT domain), which may enable the transmitting device to avoid out-of-band (OOB) emission or otherwise have greater control over where the pre-distortion contributes energy.

Abstract: A terminal includes a transmitting and receiving unit and a control unit. The transmitting and receiving unit transmits and receives a slot including a plurality of symbols. The control unit determines number of symbols included in a sub-frame on the basis of a time length of the symbol. The control unit determines the number of symbols included in the sub-frame according to a degree of modulation at which the time length of the symbol varies.

Abstract: Techniques are discussed herein for generating, evaluating, and determining trajectories for autonomous vehicles traversing environments. A state transition model may be generated and used to determine a trajectory from multiple possible trajectories generated by one or more vehicle systems. In some examples, a state transition model may determine a trajectory based on the validation results of the possible trajectories, along with vehicle status data from one or more vehicle components. Various techniques described herein may improve vehicle safety and driving efficiency, by ensuring that the vehicle determines a safe and valid trajectory consistently while navigating the environment, while also being responsive to requests and status updates from various vehicle components.

Abstract: A wideband transmission circuit is provided. The wideband transmission circuit includes a transceiver circuit and a power amplifier circuit(s). The transceiver circuit generates a radio frequency (RF) signal(s) from a time-variant input vector and provides the RF signal(s) to the power amplifier circuit(s). The power amplifier circuit(s) amplifies the RF signal(s) based on a modulated voltage and provides the amplified RF signal(s) to a coupled RF front-end circuit (e.g., filter/multiplexer circuit). In embodiments disclosed herein, the transceiver circuit is configured to apply an equalization filter to the time-variant input vector to thereby compensate for a voltage distortion filter caused by a coupling of the power amplifier circuit(s) and the RF front-end circuit. As a result, it is possible to reduce undesired instantaneous excessive compression and/or spectrum regrowth resulting from the voltage distortion filter to thereby improve efficiency and linearity of the power amplifier circuit(s).

Abstract: PBCH design may affect timing indication in a wireless network and polar code interleaver design, among other things. Mechanisms may indicate half frame timing though de-modulation reference signal sequence initialization, de-modulation reference signal mapping order, or de-modulation reference signal resource element location.

Abstract: A bit interleaving method involves applying a bit permutation process to bits of a QC-LDPC codeword made up of N cyclic blocks each including Q bits, and dividing the codeword after the permutation process into a plurality of constellation words each including M bits, the codeword being divided into F×M?/M folding sections (N? being a subset of N selected cyclic blocks and being a multiple of M/F), each of the constellation words being associated with one of the F×M?/M folding sections, and the bit permutation process being applied such that each of the constellation words includes F bits from each of M/F different cyclic blocks in a given folding section associated with a given constellation word.

Abstract: A serial data receiver circuit included in a computer system may include both an analog and an ADC-based receiver circuit. A front-end circuit generates different equalized signals based on received signals that encode a serial data stream that includes multiple data symbols. During startup of a communication channel, phase information generated by the analog receiver circuit may be used to generate clock signals for the ADC-based receiver circuit. After a period of time, the ADC-based receiver circuit can generate its own phase information to be used in the generation of the clock signals.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for transmission of reference signals. A method is performed by a terminal device. The terminal device comprises at least two physical antenna ports. The method comprises creating a virtual antenna port for, and applied over, at least two of the physical antenna ports. The method comprises transmitting, in the virtual antenna port, as many uplink reference signals as there are physical antenna ports.

Abstract: An example method of mapping a plurality of modulation symbols of a plurality of physical layer pipes present in a frame to a resource grid of data cells for the frame is described. The modulation symbols of the plurality of physical layer pipes are represented by a two-dimensional array comprising the modulation symbol values for the plurality of physical layer pipes and the resource grid of data cells is represented by a one-dimensional sequentially indexed array.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to video or other media transmission, and more particularly, to encoding and decoding of video media that has been transmitted between a video source and a video sink using spread spectrum direct sequence (SSDS) modulation.

Abstract: A faulted 5G/6G message may be recovered by finding the faulted message elements and altering them until the fault is corrected. Disclosed are methods to evaluate the modulation quality of each message element using multiple criteria. The receiver can determine a first quality by measuring the overall (sum-signal) amplitude and phase of each message element, and comparing to the predetermined amplitude and phase levels. The receiver can determine a second quality by separating the overall wave into orthogonal components (branches) and comparing the branch amplitudes to the predetermined levels. The receiver can determine a third quality according to the SNR of the overall signal and the two branch signals. By combining the first, second, and third quality factors, the receiver can identify the most likely faulted message elements. The receiver can then alter the worst message elements in a nested grid search to find the correct message version.

Abstract: According to examples, a system for measuring and analyzing data to generate recommendations associated with a digital subscription line (DSL). Data associated with a DSL is measured according to one or more performance counters. The data is analyzed with respect to one or more thresholds and an anomalous performance event is determined. Also, a recommendation with respect to an performance issue associated with the anomalous performance event is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using Euclidean modulation in an antenna are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for controlling an antenna comprises mapping a desired modulation to achievable modulation states, mapping modulation values associated with the achievable modulation states to one or more control parameters, and controlling radio frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements using the one or more control parameters to perform beam forming.

Abstract: An apparatus of a transmitter may include, for example, a Golay builder to build modulated Golay sequences for at least a non-EDMG Short Training Field (L-STF), and a non-EDMG Channel Estimation Field (L-CEF) of a PPDU; a scrambler to generate scrambled bits by scrambling bits of a non-EDMG header (L-header) and a data field of the PPDU; an encoder to encode the scrambled bits into encoded bits according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code; a constellation mapper to map the encoded bits into a stream of constellation points according to a constellation scheme; a spreader to spread the stream of constellation points according to a Golay sequence; and a transmit chain mapper to map a bit stream output from the Golay builder and the spreader to a plurality of transmit chains by applying a spatial expansion with relative cyclic shift over the plurality of transmit chains.

Abstract: A repetition unit (212) performs a repetition for mapping a data signal and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) repeatedly at a symbol level over a plurality of subframes. A signal allocation unit (213) maps, in the a plurality of subframes, the repeated DMRS to symbols other than symbols corresponding to an SRS resource candidate, which is a candidate for a resource to which a sounding reference signal (SRS) to be used to measure an uplink received signal quality is to be mapped. A transmission unit (216) transmits an uplink signal (PUSCH) including the DMRS and the data signal over the a plurality of subframes.

Abstract: A capability information reporting method includes: reporting capability information, the capability information being used to indicate whether a terminal supports a first capability, and the first capability being a capability of supporting that a PMI subband size is less than a CQI subband size.

Abstract: A wireless device may receive packets according to a protocol, such as Bluetooth, and may rapidly react to receive an interfering RF packet instead of dropping the first RF packet and the interfering RF packet, to decrease message delay due to collisions in high device density environments. When a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) difference between the interfering RF packet and the first RF packet exceeds a threshold, the device may detect the interfering packet and resync a portion of its circuitry to lock on to and receive the interfering packet. The wireless receiver may detect the interfering RF packet by detecting one or more of: a specific resync byte sequence, an increase in RSSI, or a phase shift. Additionally, a wireless device may add the specific resync byte sequence to an RF packet of a standard protocol.

Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system, including: a plurality of transmit channels configured to sequentially transmit signals with transmit-channel-designated Doppler division multiplexing (DDM) modulations; and processing circuitry configured to: determine, for each of the transmit channels, an impulse response of phase modulation errors due to DDM coupling of the respective transmit channel from each of the other transmit channels; and generate, based on the impulse response, a reconstruction matrix of modulation DDM coupling factors.

Abstract: The scheduling flexibility of CSI reference signals enables time and frequency synchronization using multiple non-zero CSI-RSs transmitted in the same subframe, or using CSI-RSs transmitted in the same subframe with other synchronization signals. Also, multiple synchronization signals may be scheduled in the same subframe to enable fine time and frequency synchronization without cell-specific reference signals.

Abstract: This document discloses a reflector antenna system with movable MIMO multiple feeds and adaptive field focusing method for wireless communication in multipath fading environment; the system comprises antenna reflector, multiple feeds, the equal number of the signal receiving channels and signal transmitting channels to the feeds, all the channels are capable to measure and adjust the amplitude and time delay of signals, and the method for amplitude and time delay adjustment of the powered signals. In signal receiving mode the antenna system makes the signal components arrived through unknown multipath superimpose synchronously; in signal transmitting mode, the system let the wave components radiated from different transmitting channels superimpose synchronously, realizing adaptive field focusing at the antenna of the communication target.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable medium are provided for utilizing a hybrid of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) signaling to provide more efficient operating range and operating efficiency. For example, a first device may schedule transmission of a packet via a narrowband signal to a second device. The first device may then transmit the packet, whereby the packet conveys synchronization data that is used by the second device to schedule reception of a plurality of fragments, respectively, via an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal. The first device may then schedule and transmit the plurality of segments to the second device via the ultra-wideband signals, each fragment being time-spaced from other fragments of the plurality of fragments by at least a predefined time interval.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. To monitor a PDCCH for CA, a UE may receive PDCCH candidates in a plurality of configured component carriers (CCs). In response to a determination that a maximum number of virtual CCs that the UE is capable of monitoring for PDCCH is smaller than a number of the plurality of configured CCs, the UE groups the plurality of configured CCs into CC groups based at least in part on SCS numerologies and PDCCH monitoring configurations corresponding to span patterns within a slot of a DL subframe. The UE determines a maximum number of blind decoding operations and non-overlapped CCEs for each of the CC groups. The UE then monitors at least a first portion of the PDCCH candidates based on the maximum number of blind decoding operations and non-overlapped CCEs for each of the CC groups.

Abstract: A transmitting method includes: configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, and a second period in which the plurality of transmission data are transmitted by at least one of time division and frequency division, and among the plurality of OFDM symbols, OFDM symbols included in the second period include pilot symbols arranged along a time axis with a predetermined spacing therebetween, and a predetermined number of data symbols.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device may identify a first set of bits associated with a first set of modulation layers. The wireless communication device may interleave a second set of bits associated with a second set of modulation layers to obtain an interleaved second set of bits. The wireless communication device may generate a combined set of bits based at least in part on combining the second set of bits and at least a portion of the first set of bits. The wireless communication device may perform a transmission based at least in part on the combined set of bits and the second set of bits. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: An information handling system may include a processor; a memory; a PMU; a wireless interface adapter for communicating, via a plurality of transceiving antennas operated by one or more radio frequency (RF) subsystems on a plurality of operating wireless links; a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC radar) to: scan for human presence around the information handling system; scan for human proximity near any of the plurality of transceiving antennas; an antenna controller to receive tagged telemetry data and execute an antenna proximity event algorithm using the tagged telemetry data as input and comparing the human proximity and movement relative to locations of the plurality of transceiving antennas on the information handling system; and an operating system to execute a privacy detect event module to identify a privacy detect event to secure the information handling system.

Abstract: Technology described herein can gather frequency domain power data for enabling real-time adjustment of one or more parameters of a radio system. In an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor that is configured to control collection of power data relative to a subcarrier of a radio system, a read circuit communicatively coupled to the processor and controlled by the processor to read, at the radio system, the power data in a frequency domain, relative to the subcarrier, along a selected time range that is defined by an upper limit of time and a lower limit of time, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor and that receives and stores the power data in the frequency domain from the read circuit. In one or more embodiments, power data in the frequency domain is collected at a frequency of a subcarrier and/or at a frequency between subcarriers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for testing wireless performance of a wireless terminal configured as a DUT having multiple transmitting antennas and placed in an anechoic chamber. The method includes: obtaining antenna pattern of the multiple transmitting antennas, and importing the antenna pattern into a channel emulator; selecting a same number of testing antennas in the anechoic chamber as a number of the transmitting antennas; the selected testing antennas receiving a signal from the transmitting antennas, and sending the signal to the channel emulator, the channel emulator processing the signal to generate an analog signal and sending the analog signal to an analog base station; and the analog base station receiving the analog signal and performing a throughput test to obtain an uplink wireless performance test of the DUT.

Abstract: In order to enable control related to radio communication to be performed more appropriately when radio transmission schemes coexist, a radio communication apparatus according to an example aspect of the present invention includes a radio communication processing unit configured to perform communication using a first radio transmission scheme within a frequency band, wherein the radio communication processing unit is configured to perform communication using a second radio transmission scheme within a bandwidth part of the frequency band, radio resources within the bandwidth part being allocable for communication using the second radio transmission scheme.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for reducing Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in signal transmissions are described. In one example aspect, a wireless communication method includes determining, for an input sequence of coefficients, an output sequence and generating a waveform using the output sequence. The output sequence corresponds to an output of a convolutional modulation between a three-coefficient function associated with 2 2 , 1, and 2 2 and an intermediate sequence. The intermediate sequence is generated by inserting zero coefficients between coefficients of the input sequence of coefficients.

Abstract: Transmission of uplink messages by user devices in 5G and 6G involves substantial delays and numerous complex steps. For lower latency and simpler operation, procedures are disclosed by which a user device can transmit an uplink message in an unscheduled but monitored channel, allocated for at-will transmissions. The user device can transmit a header including, for example, the identity code of the user device, the size of a subsequent data message, and the destination address, followed by the data message. To reduce unnecessary delays, the user device can calculate when the data message is expected to be ready to transmit, and can start transmitting the header at an earlier time, calculated to be finished when the data message will be ready. The data message is then transmitted with zero delay. When low latency is required, the disclosed procedures can reduce delays substantially. Many additional aspects are disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for performing wireless communication using digital post distortion, for example, with a large antenna array where the number of transmit antennas may be greater than a number of spatial streams. A transmitting device and a receiving device determine a perturbed precoding matrix based on a precoding perturbation rule. The transmitting device precodes a signal using the perturbed precoding matrix and transmits via the number of antennas greater than the number of spatial streams. The receiving device receives the signal and subtracts non-linearities from the received signal based on a channel estimation using the perturbed precoding matrix over one or more iterations.

Abstract: An access point (AP) communicates to one or more stations (STAs) information indicating a set of channels and/or resource units (RUs), corresponding to a wideband basis service set (BSS) for an authorized unlicensed radio local area network (RLAN) using 6 GHz spectrum, which are subject to a lower power spectral density (PSD) level than other portions of the BSS frequency range or are not to be used for transmission. In some, but not necessarily all, embodiments, the AP and the STAs do not encode data on the identified channels or RUs, but do encode data on other channels and/or other RUs, which are not subject to the lower PSD constraint.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for reducing crest factor by an electronic device includes: receiving a plurality of first samples of a first input signal. The plurality of first samples are generated at a first sampling rate. A first peak detection is performed based on the plurality of first samples to generate a plurality of first peak detection output samples. A plurality of first windowing input samples are generated at a second sampling rate by downsampling the plurality of first peak detection output samples. A plurality of first windowing output samples are generated based on the plurality of first windowing input samples. A plurality of first peak reduction samples are generated at the first sampling rate by upsampling the plurality of first windowing output samples. A first output signal is generated based on the plurality of first samples and the plurality of first peak reduction samples.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an electronic device may comprise a communication processor; an intermediate frequency integrated circuit (IFIC) to convert a baseband signal received from the communication processor into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal; a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) convert the received IF signal into a first radio frequency (RF) signal; an ultra-wideband (UWB) integrated circuit (IC) generating a UWB signal corresponding to a first frequency; at least one UWB antenna to transmit/receive the UWB signal corresponding to the first frequency; and at least one first switch connected between the UWB IC and the UWB antenna. The at least one first switch may be controlled so that the UWB signal corresponding to the first frequency, generated by the UWB IC, is transmitted to the RFIC in a state in which a communication operation, for a signal transmitted/received from the communication processor, by the RFIC is inactivated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a control signal for automatic wireless network version detection of a transmission. The control signal enables a receiver to detect the wireless network version detection of the transmission, so that the proper wireless network version is used for interpreting signaling information and decoding of the payload of the transmission. In some examples, the control signal is within a preamble of the transmission. The wireless network version can be an IEEE 802.11 version, such as proposed IEEE 802.11be. The control signal is compatible with legacy systems and can indicate the legacy signaling information by way of a Legacy Signal (SIG) (L-SIG) symbol. In some examples, the control signal can indicate the wireless network version by using an identifier symbol which is generated from at least part of, but is not identical to, the L-SIG symbol.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting an HE LTF of a data unit. The HE LTF may have a number of symbols based on a number of space-time streams utilized for the data unit. The HE LTF may be transmitted on a subset of subcarriers of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel or an 80 MHz channel.