Abstract: Disclosed is a method of radiography of an organ of a patient, including: first and second vertical scanning being performed synchronously, wherein a computed correction is processed on both first and second raw images, on at least part of patient scanned height, for at least overweight or obese patients, so as to reduce, between first and second corrected images, cross-scattering existing between the first and second raw images, and wherein the computed correction processing on both the first and second raw images includes: a step of making a patient specific modeling, using as patient specific data therefore at least both first and second raw images, a step of determining a patient specific representation of radiation scattering by the patient specific modeling, a step of processing the patient specific radiation scattering representation on both the first and second raw images so as to get the first and second corrected images.

Abstract: A device and method for creating beam formed X-Ray radiation using radio frequency (RF) modulated field emission X-ray sources is described. A radio frequency RF source generates a RF control signal which is supplied to an array of phase delay elements to generate multiple individually controlled phase delayed RF signals. These are then directly provided to each of a plurality of field emission sources (via a matching circuit) to generate a plurality of RF modulated electron current, or beam, each at the same frequency and phase delay of the phase delayed RF signals. Each of the electron beams impacts a target anode to generate X-rays also at the same frequency and phase delay of the phase delayed RF signals. By controlling each of the phase delay elements a beamformed X-ray radiation pattern can be generated.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprises a digital X-ray detector housed in a radiation shielded enclosure with multiple pinhole apertures in the front panel of the housing. An X-ray source illuminates a target and X-rays are backscattered towards the X-ray imaging apparatus. The multiple pinhole apertures arranged in a pattern so that each pinhole generates a respective pinhole image on the X-ray detector. The size of each image is controlled by the thickness of the front panel and the width of the pinhole aperture (acting as optical stops), and the distance to the X-ray detector, and these values are selected to prevent overlap between any pair of pinhole images on the X-ray detector. An image processor is used to generate a synthetic combined image of the object form the multiple pinhole images.

Abstract: Image-sensing devices include odd-symmetry gratings that cast interference patterns over a photodetector array. Grating features offer considerable insensitivity to the wavelength of incident light, and to the manufactured distance between the grating and the photodetector array. Photographs and other image information can be extracted from interference patterns captured by the photodetector array. Images can be captured without a lens, and cameras can be made smaller than those that are reliant on lenses and ray-optical focusing.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus 10 for generating an image of a subject including a scanning arrangement which includes an energy emitting source 20 and a detector 22 housed within a housing 12. The housing defines a scanning zone 24 in which the subject is operatively positioned for scanning A displacing arrangement 36 which includes a U-shaped belt-and-pulley drive arrangement is configured to displace the scanning arrangement relative to the housing 12 in a scanning direction. The housing 12 has a first door and second door defining a substantially linear pathway through the scanning zone. A motor 38 and horizontal drive belts 40 are disposed below the scanning zone and are not displaced relative to the housing in the scanning direction in which the energy emitting source and detector are displaced during scanning such that the displacing arrangement does not restrict or impede movement of the subject through the scanning zone.

Abstract: An apparatus including an x-ray source and detector where the source is disposed behind the detector and the detector is configured with a hole through which an x-ray beam emitted by the source can be transmitted to target tissue is provided. During operation, the source emits an x-ray beam through the hole in the detector. The x-ray beam may then be incident on an area of a subject to be imaged and cause various reflections and/or absorptions. The detector can detect signals reflected by the subject and an x-ray image can be generated accordingly.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing X-ray scatter during breast imaging, and more specifically during tomosynthesis imaging. In one embodiment, an anti-scatter grid having a plurality of septa may be configured to be positioned relative to an X-ray imaging device such that each septum of the plurality of septa extends along a direction substantially parallel to a coronal plane of a subject during imaging of the subject using the X-ray imaging device. The X-ray imaging device may be operable in a tomosynthesis mode for imaging of a breast of the subject and may include the anti-scatter grid disposed between a breast platform and the X-ray detector. The anti-scatter grid may be configured to move in a direction substantially parallel to a sagittal plane of the subject during tomosynthesis imaging.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging system includes an x-ray source configured to emit x-ray radiation towards a sample, and a primary detector configured to detect x-ray radiation from the x-ray source passing through the sample. The x-ray imaging system also includes a secondary detector configured to detect x-ray radiation from the x-ray source scattered in the sample, and imaging optics configured to guide x-ray radiation scattered in the sample onto the secondary detector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a reading apparatus for an X-ray detector, a method for using the reading apparatus, and the X-ray detector. The reading apparatus includes a control circuit, a compensation circuit, and a processing circuit. The control circuit is configured to provide, in a first phase, a first signal to an input terminal of the compensation circuit according to a reference signal and a dark current in a sense device of the X-ray detector, and provide, in a second phase, a second signal from the sense device to the input terminal of the compensation circuit. The compensation circuit is configured to generate, in the first phase, a compensation signal according to the first signal, and compensate, in the second phase, the second signal according to the compensation signal, to generate a third signal. The processing circuit is configured to process the third signal.

Abstract: According to the invention, n incident acoustic waves Ei(t), obtained by linearly combining n elemental incident waves E0i(t) with an encoding matrix Hc are consecutively transmitted in a medium to be imaged. n reverberated waves Ri(t) from the medium to be imaged are then consecutively detected, following the transmission of the n incident waves; then n elemental reverberated waves R0i(t) are determined by linearly combining the detected n reverberated waves Ri(t) with a decoding matrix Hd. The Hc and Hd matrices are such that Hc·Hd=D, where D is a diagonal matrix of order n, all the diagonal elements of which are greater than 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for x-ray inspection. The system comprises an x-ray emitter. The system also comprises an x-ray sensor array comprising a first x-ray sensor, a second x-ray sensor adjacent the first x-ray sensor, and a coupler movably coupling the first x-ray sensor to the second x-ray sensor. The first x-ray sensor is movable into a plurality of orientations relative to the second x-ray sensor via the coupler. The system further comprises an imaging device to generate an inspection image based on information from the x-ray sensor array.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system for generating X-ray projections of an object, the X-ray imaging system including an X-ray device having a single X-ray source (110) for forming a plurality of X-ray beams (104), a filter (120) positioned within the plurality of X-ray beams, an object space where the object to be imaged is accommodated, and an X-ray detector (150) including an array of a plurality of pixels (151 . . . 155). The X-ray device, the filter, and the plurality of pixels are configured such that at least one pixel is exposed to the plurality of X-ray beams. X-ray radiation received by a particular pixel undergoes a same spectral filtration by the filter. Pixels receiving the X-ray radiation undergoing the same spectral filtration are summarized to a pixel subset.

Abstract: Compressive imaging captures images in compressed form, where each sensor does not directly correspond with a pixel, as opposed to standard image capture techniques. This can lead to faster image capture rates due to lower I/O bandwidth requirements, and avoids the need for image compression hardware, as the image is captured in compressed form. Measuring the transformation of an emitted multimodal signal is one method of compressive imaging. Metamaterial antennas and transceivers are well suited for both emitting and receiving multimodal signals, and are thus prime candidates for compressive imaging.

Abstract: A measurement device comprises a high permittivity dielectric resonator (10) with a low microwave loss tangent and having at least a first symmetry axis (z-i); an electrically conductive resonance chamber (100) containing and geometrically similar to the resonator (10) and having a second symmetry axis (z2) coincident with the first symmetry axis (z-i); the resonance chamber (100) having a plurality of similar ports (104) orthogonal to the first symmetry axis (z-i), each such port (104) having a microwave antenna (114), either to inject microwaves into the resonance chamber, thereby to excite an electric field in the resonator, or to receive microwaves from the resonance chamber; and a comparator circuit (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800) connected to a first one (P1) of the plurality of ports (104) to inject microwaves into the resonance chamber and to another (P2, P3) of the plurality of ports (104) to receive microwaves from the resonance chamber; wherein the measurement device further comprises an electr

Abstract: An X-ray metal grating structure of the present invention has a grating region in which a plurality of first structural portions are periodically provided, wherein an air gap is formed between each of the plurality of first structural portions and a second structural portion as a remaining part of the grating region other than the plurality of first structural portions. Thus, the X-ray metal grating structure of the present invention is formed as a grating structure having high flatness. A production method therefor comprises a step of forming the air gap between the first structural portion and the second structural portion. Thus, the production method makes it possible to produce an X-ray metal grating structure having high flatness. The present invention further provides an X-ray metal grating unit and an X-ray imaging device each comprising the X-ray metal grating structure.

Abstract: The implementations described herein generally relate to a sensing device for use in the semiconducting industry which sense process parameters to control semiconductor processes. More specifically, the implementations relate to packaging for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) based devices or wireless or RF-responsive sensors for use in the harsh processing environments of a semiconductor processing chamber such that the neither the sensor and its components nor the chamber components interfere with or contaminate one another. The sensor packaging may include various packaging layers with or without protective coatings and a waveguide. The packaging may have a thickness chosen such that the thickness is less than the electromagnetic wavelength of a SAW sensor radio wave. The sensing devices may be disposed in cavities of the chamber, the processing volume, on chamber components, and/or on the substrate.

Abstract: A phantom material may be irradiated with varying energy x-rays to determine its phase shift properties. A determination of the difference between those phase shift properties and the phase shift properties of another material of interest can be represented and stored in terms of a polynomial function. The stored function can then be used in combination with a surrogate phantom shaped in the form of another object to obtain the phase shift properties of that other object as if it were made from the material of interest.

Abstract: A human body back-scattering inspection method and system are discloses. The method includes: obtaining a back-scattering scan image of a human body under inspection; distinguishing a body image from a background image in the back-scattering scan image; and calculating a feature parameter of the background image to determine whether radioactive substance is carried with the human body. With some embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to determine whether any radioactive substance is carried with a human body during back-scattering inspection of the human body. In further embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to approximately determine which part(s) of the human body carries the radioactive substance. This improves efficiency of inspection.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a covert mobile inspection vehicle with a backscatter X-ray scanning system that has an X-ray source and detectors for obtaining a radiographic image of an object outside the vehicle. The systems preferably include at least one sensor for determining a distance from at least one of the detectors to points on the surface of the object being scanned, a processor for processing the obtained radiographic image by using the determined distance of the object to obtain an atomic number of each material contained in the object, and one or more sensors to obtain surveillance data from a predefined area surrounding the vehicle.

Abstract: An equivalent phantom is used for an X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus which includes an X-ray source, a plurality of gratings and an X-ray detector. The apparatus captures at least a Moire image from which a differential phase image of an object is generated. The equivalent phantom includes a first substance having a first refractive index and a second substance having a second refractive index. A ratio of the first refractive index to the second refractive index is equal to a ratio of a refractive index of a soft tissue to a refractive index of a surrounding tissue. At least a part of a shape of one of the first and second substances is equal to a shape of a corresponding portion of the soft tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus reconstructs an image using high energy-based data regarding a scene provides access to first image-capture data regarding the scene that is formed using a first image-capture modality and to second image-capture data that is formed using a second (different) image-capture modality. A control circuit executes an iterative image reconstruction process that establishes a first and a second image-representation channel, a fidelity error measure that measures inconsistency of the image as compared to first image-capture data and second image-capture data, and a prior-penalty term that scores the image based on a priori likelihood or desirability using, at least in part, for each of a plurality of pixels, a non-separable matrix-penalty of a Jacobian-matrix of the image at that pixel, such as nuclear norm.

Abstract: A method for imaging a target with an x-ray scatter apparatus. Air scatter from air intervening between the x-ray scatter apparatus and a target overwhelms x-ray scatter from the target in that x-ray scatter from a position on the target is no more than 10% of the x-ray scatter due to intervening air scatter that reaches at least one point in the detector plane of the x-ray scatter apparatus. The target is illuminated with a beam of x-rays scanned across the target, and x-rays scattered by the target are detected using a detector with a centroid displaced with respect to the beam axis by at least five feet. The detector signal is then processed to generate an image of the target. The beam of x-rays may be unshielded, and/or the detector may be uncollimated.

Abstract: Methods and systems for iterative computed tomography add an auxiliary variable to the reconstruction process, while retaining all variables in the original formulation, A weighting operator or filter can be applied that causes the Hessian with respect to an image of the cost function to be well-conditioned. An auxiliary sinogram variable distinct from both a set of actual image measurements and from the set of projections computed based on an image can be applied to iteratively update during the statistical iterative image reconstruction, with applied conditions that causes the Hessian with respect to an image of the cost function to be well-conditioned.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for determining shallow water multiples when seismically exploring a geographical area of interest under a body of water. The system and method estimate a multi-channel prediction operator F using a model of water layer related multiples with respect to received and stored seismic data, estimate a travel time of the transmitted seismic wavelets from the one or more sources to each of the plurality of receivers, and then generate water layer primary reflections models using the estimated travel time and Green's function. The system and method then merge the generated water layer primary reflections models with the multi-channel prediction operator F to create a hybrid multi-channel prediction operator FH, and convolute the hybrid multi-channel prediction operator FH with the stored received data to determine a final multiples model.

Abstract: A microscope for fluorescence imaging microscopy, in particular for wide-field fluorescence microscopy, including a pulsed light source (1) and an imaging detector (11), is characterized in that means for gating are provided, and in that the gating causes the light source (1) and the detector (11) to be synchronized in order to suppress reflected/scattered light such that suitable fluorescence components are used for evaluation and unsuitable components are rejected. Furthermore, a method is used to perform fluorescence imaging microscopy using the microscope according to the present invention.

Abstract: A human body back-scattering inspection system is disclosed. The system comprises a flying-spot forming unit configured to output beams of X-rays, a plurality of discrete detectors which are arranged vertically along a human body to be inspected, and a controlling unit coupled to the flying-spot forming unit and the plurality of detectors, and configured to generate a control signal to control the flying-spot forming unit and the plurality of detectors to perform a partition synchronous scan on the human body to be inspected vertically. The present disclosure utilizes the geometry property of the human body back-scattering inspection system, and proposes a multiple-point synchronous scan mechanism which largely accelerates the inspection of human body.

Abstract: The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.

Abstract: To better handle the flat tail phenomenon commonly seen in transform coefficients such as DCT coefficients, a system and method having a model dubbed a transparent composite model (TCM) are described. Given a sequence of transform coefficients, a TCM first separates the tail of the sequence from the main body of the sequence. A first distribution such as a uniform, truncated Laplacian, or truncated geometric distribution can be used to model transform coefficients in the flat tail while at least one parametric distribution (e.g. truncated Laplacian, generalized Gaussian (GG), and geometric distributions) can be used to model data in the main body. A plurality of boundary values can be used to bound a plurality of distribution models. The plurality of boundary values and other parameters of the TCM can be estimated via maximum likelihood (ML) estimation or greedy estimation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-based method for providing image data of a region of a target object (31), comprising the steps of estimating (706) a first intermediate object function indicating at least one characteristic of a first sub-region (501, 503) of said region of the target object, estimating (706) a second intermediate object function indicating at least one characteristic of a second sub-region (502, 504) of said region of the target object, and combining (707) the first and second intermediate object functions to form a combined object function indicating at least one characteristic of the region of the target object (31).

Abstract: Handheld imaging systems and methods for using such systems to create a 3D image of a desired object using scattered radiation are described. The handheld imaging apparatus can contain a housing, a radiation source for irradiating an object with a fan beam or cone beam, and multiple detector elements for detecting backscattered radiation from the object, where each detector element has a different view of the object and collects an image of the object that is different than the other detector elements. Alternatively, the handheld imaging apparatus can contain a housing, a radiation source for irradiating an object with a pencil beam of radiation, and a detector configured to detect backscattered radiation from the object, wherein the detector and the radiation source are oriented off-axis relative to each other.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising: a radiation detector; a field modulator that modulates the radiation that reaches the detector and is defined by a transmission function; a scanner system for changing the pose of at least the field modulator; and an image reconstruction section that receives a radiation reading from the radiation detector for each of a plurality of angular orientations of the field modulator, and is configured to process the received readings to derive an image representing the amount of radiation originating from each point in an image domain, wherein the transmission function of the field modulator comprises a low transmission region that attenuates radiation incident toward the detector from angular directions defined by that low transmission region, and a high transmission region that transmits to the detector radiation that is incident toward the detector from angular directions defined by that high transmission region, wherein said regions are arranged such that: for each incid

Abstract: A method of aligning masks for phase imaging or phase contrast imaging in X-ray apparatus using a pixel-type X-ray detector makes use of non-idealities of all real detectors. A mask may be provided before the sample to generate beams, adjacent to the pixels of the detector or both. The method includes moving the mask into a plurality of translational position increments and identifying the increment for which the intensity has a maximum or minimum. The identified value of the increment may vary over the pixels of the detector. Alignment positions are selected in which steps in a plot of the increment over the area of the detector are minimized and/or aligned with the rows and columns of pixels.

Abstract: The configuration includes a laser range finder (110), a scan mechanism (120), a distance-data acquiring unit (130), a memory (160), a human-body determining unit (140), which detects an object with possibility to correspond to a human body from acquired distance information, calculates a height and a width of the object based on installation state information stored in the memory (160), determines that the object is a human body when detection of the object continues for a first predetermined time or longer in the case where a calculated object height is a predetermined height or more, and determines that the object is a human body when detection of the object continues for a second predetermined time longer than the first predetermined time or longer in the case where the calculated object height is less than the predetermined height, and an alert-output control unit (150).

Abstract: An X-ray analysis apparatus having a function for enabling a plurality of measurement methods to be implemented, the apparatus having: measurement software for implementing each of the individual measurement methods and acquiring measurement data; analysis software for performing a predetermined analysis on the measurement data and acquiring analysis data; reduced-size-image-creating means for creating a reduced-size image on the basis of each item of the measurement data and the analysis data; analysis-icon-creating means for creating an icon for denoting the analysis software; and image display means for displaying the reduced-size image and the icon on the same screen while indicating that the reduced-size image and the icon are correlated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspecting an object. A radiation generation system is configured to emit radiation. A detector system is configured to detect backscatter formed in response to the radiation encountering the object. A redirection system is positioned relative to the detector system and is configured to redirect the backscatter to the detector system.

Abstract: A system for the inspection of the internal structure of a target includes at least one x-ray source that emits collimated x-rays to irradiate the target. At least one detector is positioned to detect backscatter x-rays from the target. The detector may include a collimation slot that limits the field of view of the detector. The target may be a railway component and the system may inspect the internal structure of the component as it is moved along the railway by a vehicle. The system may detect a change in the density of a target based on a comparison of the detected backscatter x-rays. The use of a plurality of segmented backscatter x-ray detectors having a collimation slot may pixelate the internal image in the direction of the collimation slot.

Abstract: A ray emission device and an imaging system with the ray emission device are disclosed. The ray emission device comprises: a cylinder; a ray source disposed in the cylinder for emitting a ray; and a collimator disposed in the cylinder. The collimator enables the ray emitted by the ray source to form sectorial ray beams at a plurality of positions in an axial direction of the cylinder. The cylinder has a pencil beam forming part arranged over an axial length of the cylinder corresponding to the plurality of positions. The sectorial ray beams form pencil beams through the pencil beam forming part when the cylinder rotates around a rotation axis.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting personnel or their effects. A first and second carriage each carries a source for producing a beam of penetrating radiation incident on a given subject. A positioner provides for relative motion of each beam vis-à-vis the subject in a motion, the vertical component of which is one-way. A detector receives radiation produced by at least one of the sources after the radiation interacts with the subject.

Abstract: The inspection methods and systems of the present invention are mobile, rapidly deployable, and capable of scanning a wide variety of receptacles cost-effectively and accurately on uneven surfaces. The present invention is directed toward a portable inspection system for generating an image representation of target objects using a radiation source, comprising a mobile vehicle, a detector array physically attached to a movable boom having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is physically attached to the vehicle. The invention also comprises at least one source of radiation. The radiation source is fixedly attached to the distal end of the boom, wherein the image is generated by introducing the target objects in between the radiation source and the detector array, exposing the objects to radiation, and detecting radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for performing small angle x-ray scattering metrology. This system includes an x-ray source for generating x-rays and illumination optics for collecting and reflecting or refracting a portion of the generated x-rays towards a particular focus point on a semiconductor sample in the form of a plurality of incident beams at a plurality of different angles of incidence (AOIs). The system further includes a sensor for collecting output x-ray beams that are scattered from the sample in response to the incident beams on the sample at the different AOIs and a controller configured for controlling operation of the x-ray source and illumination optics and receiving the output x-rays beams and generating an image from such output x-rays.

Abstract: The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a sample is provided. The system includes a beam selection device for selecting between a one-dimensional operation mode for providing a one-dimensional x-ray beam to the sample and a two-dimensional operation mode for providing a two-dimensional x-ray beam to the sample.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system is provided with an X-ray source (11), first and second absorption gratings (31, 32), and a flat panel detector (FPD) (30), and obtains a phase contrast image of an object H by performing imaging while moving the second absorption grating (32) in x direction relative to the first absorption grating (31). The following mathematical expression is satisfied where p1? denotes a period of a first pattern image at a position of the second absorption grating (32), and p2? denotes a substantial grating pitch of the second absorption grating (32), and DX denotes a dimension, in the x-direction, of an X-ray imaging area of each pixel of the FPD (30). Here, “n” denotes a positive integer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure generally set forth techniques for adjusting an estimate of scattered radiation of a target object. One example method includes generating a plurality of radiographic projections, selecting a first radiographic projection and a second radiographic projection of the target object from the plurality of radiographic projections, forming first estimates of scattered radiation in the first and second radiographic projections, applying the first estimates of scattered radiation to the first and second radiographic projections to generate a modified first radiographic projection and a modified second radiographic projection, comparing the modified first and second radiographic projections to generate correction modules, and applying one of the correction modules to a first subset of the plurality of radiographic projections and another of the correction modules to a second subset of the plurality of radiographic projections.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatus are disclosed for obtaining a phase-contrast digital radiographic imaging system and methods for same that can include an x-ray source for radiographic imaging; a beam shaping assembly including a collimator and a source grating, an x-ray grating interferometer including a phase grating, and an analyzer grating; and an x-ray detector, where a single arrangement of the beam shaping assembly, the x-ray grating interferometer and a position of the detector is configured to provide spectral information (e.g. at least two images obtained at different relative beam energies).

Abstract: A method for reconstructing an image of an object includes acquiring a set of measured projection data, reconstructing the measured projection data using a first algorithm to generate a first reconstructed image dataset, reconstructing the measured projection data using a second algorithm to generate a second reconstructed image dataset, the second algorithm being utilized to improve the temporal resolution of the second reconstructed image dataset, and generating a final image dataset using both the first and second image datasets.

Abstract: The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.

Abstract: An x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) system having a system axis includes at least one x-ray source configured to generate x-rays directed toward an object that includes at least one substance. The at least one x-ray source is further configured to irradiate at least one voxel defined within the object with x-rays arriving from a plurality of directions, each direction defined by an angle of incidence with respect to the system axis. The system also includes at least one detector configured to detect scattered x-rays after the x-rays have passed through the object. The system further includes at least one processor coupled to the at least one detector. The processor is programmed to generate a plurality of XDI profiles of the object voxel. Each XDI profile is a function of an associated angle of incidence.

Abstract: A conductive substrate (18) and an etching substrate (20) are bonded to each other. An etch mask (25) is formed on the etching substrate (20) using a photolithography technique. On the etching substrate (20), grooves (20a) and X-ray transmitting sections (14b) are formed by dry etching using Bosch process. The grooves (20a) are filled with Au (27) by an electroplating method using the conductive substrate (18) as an electrode. Thus, X-ray absorbing sections (14a) are formed.

Abstract: A phase retrieval method for differential phase contrast imaging includes receiving data corresponding to a differential phase image generated from a measured signal. The measured signal corresponds to an X-ray signal detected by a detector after passing through a subject located with a grating arrangement between an X-ray source and the detector. The method further includes generating a phase image corresponding to the integration of the differential phase image. Generating the phase image includes performing an iterative total variation regularized integration in the Fourier domain.