Abstract: One embodiment includes an electrometer system. The system includes a sensor cell comprising alkali metal atoms within, and an optical beam system configured to provide at least one optical beam through the sensor cell to provide a first Rydberg energy state of the alkali metal atoms, the at least one optical beam exiting the sensor cell as a detection beam. The system also includes a tuning signal generator configured to generate a tuning signal having a predetermined tuning frequency to adjust an energy difference between the first Rydberg energy state and a second Rydberg energy state of the alkali metal atoms. The system further includes a detection system configured to monitor the detection beam to detect an external signal having a frequency that is approximately equal to the energy difference between the first Rydberg energy state and the second Rydberg energy state based on monitoring the detection beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to evanescently coupling whispering gallery mode optical resonators having a liquid coupling as well as methods of making and using same. The aforementioned evanescently coupling whispering gallery mode optical resonators having a liquid couplings provide increased tunability and sensing selectivity over current same. The aforementioned. Applicants' method of making evanescent-wave coupled optical resonators can be achieved while having coupling gap dimensions that can be fabricated using standard photolithography. Thus economic, rapid, and mass production of coupled WGM resonators-based lasers, sensors, and signal processors for a broad range of applications can be realized.

Abstract: Structures including an edge coupler and methods of fabricating a structure including an edge coupler. The edge coupler includes a waveguide core having an end surface that terminates proximate to an edge of a substrate. The waveguide core contains a material having a first state with a first refractive index in response to an applied stimulus and a second state with a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

Abstract: A “lab on a chip” includes an optofluidic sensor and components to analyze signals from the optofluidic sensor. The optofluidic sensor includes a substrate, a channel at least partially defined by a portion of a layer of first material on the substrate, input and output fluid reservoirs in fluid communication with the channel, at least a first radiation source coupled to the substrate adapted to generate radiation in a direction toward the channel, and at least one photodiode positioned adjacent and below the channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical phased array chip and a method of manufacturing the same. The optical phased array chip includes a plurality of optical switches and a plurality of optical phased arrays implemented on a single integrated circuit, wherein the single integrated circuit includes a silicon substrate, a lower layer formed on an upper portion of the silicon substrate, a silicon layer formed on an upper portion of the lower layer, a first upper layer, a second upper layer and a third upper layer sequentially arranged on the silicon layer, and an electrode that penetrates through the first upper layer while being grounded to the silicon layer and is formed on an upper portion of the first upper layer.

Abstract: A power and communications cable may include an electromagnetic waveguide, an inner metallic tubular surrounding the electromagnetic waveguide, an electrically conductive material surrounding the inner metallic tubular, an electrically insulating material surrounding the electrically conductive material, and an outer metallic tubular resistant to corrosion and abrasion surrounding the electrically insulating layer. The example system may include an electrical device locatable in the wellbore and coupleable to the cable and a control unit coupleable to the cable and operable to supply power to and communicate with the electrical device via the power and communications cable.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a bridge foundation scouring monitoring sensor and a monitoring data analysis method thereof. The disclosed sensor comprises a cover plate, a bottom fixing unit and several standard scouring depth monitoring units fixedly disposed between the cover plate and the bottom fixing unit. Each standard scouring depth monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber vibration string (OFVS) and a supporting frame; the two ends of the OFVS are fixedly connected with the supporting frame; a plurality of polyhedral mass blocks are evenly distributed on the OFBS from top to bottom; and a fiber Bragg grating sensor is disposed at the upper portion of OFBS. The variation of scour depth of bridge foundation induces the change of vibration frequency of the OFVS, which is measured by the fiber Bragg grating sensor. The method of calculating the scour depth from the measured vibration frequency of the OFVS is disclosed.

Abstract: A chip-type three-dimensional magnetic field sensor includes a light source (1), an input straight waveguide (2), a polarization beam splitting waveguide (3), a 1:1 power beam splitter (4), three 1:2 type Y waveguides, three 2:1 type Y waveguides, three output straight waveguides, three magneto-optical waveguides and three photodetectors. The light source (1) outputs broad-spectrum depolarized light into the input straight waveguide (2), and then the light is divided into TE (transverse electric) polarized light and TM (transverse magnetic) polarized light. The TE polarized light is divided into two beams of TE polarized branch light. The TM polarized light is divided into two beams of TM polarized branch light. One of the two beams of TM polarized branch light is divided into two beams of first TM polarized sub-branch light. Another of the two beams of TM polarized branch light is divided into two beams of second TM polarized sub-branch light.

Abstract: A monitoring system. The monitoring system may include an optical receiver configured to receive an optical signal, the receiver comprising a plurality of equalizers to partition the optical signal over a plurality of optical channels corresponding to a plurality of optical wavelengths. The monitoring system may also include an analysis component, coupled to the receiver, comprising logic, where the logic is configured to construct a plurality of sensor matrices, corresponding to the plurality of optical channels, based upon the optical signal, after reception at the receiver; determine, using the plurality of sensor matrices, a correlation between at least one pair of sensor matrices corresponding to at least one pair of optical channels of the plurality of optical channels; and determine a location of a perturbation, external to the transmission system, based upon the correlation.

Abstract: A layer of amorphous Ge is formed on a substrate using electron-beam evaporation. The evaporation is performed at room temperature. The layer of amorphous Ge has a thickness of at least 50 nm and a purity of at least 90% Ge. The substrate is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible and is transparent at Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) wavelengths. The layer of amorphous Ge can be used as a waveguide in chemical sensing and data communication applications. The amorphous Ge waveguide has a transmission loss in the LWIR of 11 dB/cm or less at 8 ?m.

Abstract: A droplet sensor includes: an optical cover having an ellipsoid surface that is a portion of a spheroid; a light source disposed at or in proximity to a first focal point of the ellipsoid surface; and a light detector disposed at or in proximity to a second focal point of the ellipsoid surface, wherein the ellipsoid surface is an effective detection area configured to reflect light emitted from the light source toward the light detector, and an amount of light reflected by the effective detection area changes in accordance with adhesion of droplets on the ellipsoid surface, and wherein the optical cover has a curved surface that is tangentially connected to an outside of the effective detection area and having a curvature greater than a curvature of the ellipsoid surface.

Abstract: Example apparatuses and systems for a combined temperature and pressure sensing device with improved electronic protection are provided. An example apparatus includes a media isolation chamber assembly having a sleeve member and a bellows member, a first circuit board element disposed in the bellows member and encapsulated by insulator media in the bellows member, a pressure sensing element disposed in the bellows member and electrically coupled to the first circuit board element; and a temperature sensing element disposed in the sleeve member and electrically coupled to the first circuit board element.

Abstract: A functionalised particle, wherein the particle has a first optical spectral signature in a first structural configuration of the particle and a second optical spectral signature in a second structural configuration of the particle.

Abstract: A quantum communication system that includes a multiphoton entanglement generator, a plurality of photon detector units, and a plurality of optical fiber links. The plurality of photon detector units include a first photon detector unit and a second photon detector unit. The multiphoton entanglement generator is structurally configured to output more than two entangled photons. The plurality of optical fiber links comprise a first optical fiber link optically coupled to the multiphoton entanglement generator and disposed between the multiphoton entanglement generator and the first photon detector unit. The plurality of optical fiber links comprise a second optical fiber link optically coupled to the multiphoton entanglement generator and disposed between the multiphoton entanglement generator and the second photon detector unit. Further, at least one of the plurality of optical fiber links has a core, a cladding, and a scattering region having a plurality of scattering structures.

Abstract: Activating a reaction of a sealant, such as cement, with a fiber optic cable, the reaction causing hardening of the sealant. The sealant may be used in wellbore cementing operations to cement a casing in a wellbore. The fiber optic cable may be deployed by attaching it to the outside of a casing during insertion into the wellbore. The activation of the sealant can be via thermal or optical initiation in order to causing a hydration reaction or polymerization.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for performing particle analysis through flow cytometry at comparatively high event rates and for gathering high resolution images of particles.

Abstract: Pressure sensing guidewires and methods for making and using pressure sensing guidewires are disclosed. An example pressure sensing guidewire may include a tubular member having a proximal region and a housing region. An optical fiber may be disposed within the tubular member and extend to the housing region. The optical fiber may have a distal end region with a cavity formed therein. A polymeric member disposed within the cavity. A reflective surface disposed along the polymeric member.

Abstract: A high backscattering optical fiber comprising a perturbed segment in which the perturbed segment reflects a relative power such that the optical fiber has an effective index of neff, a numerical aperture of NA, a scatter of Rp?r(fiber) that varies axially along the optical fiber, a total transmission loss of ?fiber, an in-band range greater than one nanometer (1 nm), and a figure of merit (FOM) in the in-band range. The FOM being defined as: FOM = R p ? r ( fiber ) ? fiber ? ( NA 2 ? n eff ) 2 .

Abstract: An apparatus for locating a measurand anomaly, such as a hot-spot, along an optical waveguide is provided comprising: an optical waveguide, a light source configured to transmit pulsed light along the waveguide, and a first and second set of sensors provided along the waveguide. Each sensor is configured to reflect a portion of light propagating along the waveguide at a respective sensor wavelength corresponding to a measurand. The first set of sensors provides one or more groups of sensors configured to detect a measurand anomaly within that group. The second set comprises a plurality of sensors each separated from the adjacent sensor of that set by a distance along the waveguide greater than half the distance travelled by the light along the waveguide during the pulse duration. A plurality of sensors of the first set is provided between each adjacent sensor of the second set.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and structures that provide distributed acoustic sensing using chirped optical pulses of selectable duration and bandwidth, at a frame rate limited by a round-trip propagation time of a fiber under test. Instead of processing a transmitted chirped pulse as a single sequence—our systems, methods, and structures employ a parallel fragmented multiband architecture, where each tributary correlates the received signal with a truncated chirped pulse to obtain the Rayleigh impulse response over its frequency band. By reducing the duration of the chirp processed by each tributary, spatial leakage is reduced at all the tributaries, thus even after combining all the interferometric products from all tributaries using a rotated vector sum, the resultant signal is much less impacted by spatial leakage than by using a conventional TGD-OFDR method.

Abstract: Fluid characteristics of a well fluid can be monitored. For example, a computing device can receive sensor signals from an acoustic sensor positioned on a well tool. The sensor signals can indicate characteristics of acoustic emissions generated by a well fluid impacting the well tool. The computing device can determine an acoustic signature for the well fluid using the characteristics of the acoustic emissions. The computing device can determine a difference between the acoustic signature a baseline acoustic-signature for the well fluid. The computing device can determine one or more fluid characteristics of the well fluid using the difference between the acoustic signature and the baseline acoustic-signature. The computing device can transmit a notification indicating the one or more fluid characteristics.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus is disclosed that includes a.) at least one acoustic pickup, b.) a sound pressure sensor acoustically coupled to the at least one acoustic pickup, and c.) a computing device interfaced to the sound pressure sensor. The at least one acoustic pickup may be submerged in or located in proximity to flowing fluid. The sound sensor is configured to acquire sound intensity waveforms naturally generated by the flowing fluid as a source of data patterns for training the apparatus as well stimuli used to generate responses about flow conditions. The computing device is configured to quantify flow parameters of the flowing fluid from sound utterances and visual appearances intrinsically expressed by the flow using machine learning models.

Abstract: The invention provides a light guide element comprising a light guide and a layer element, wherein the light guide comprises a light guide face and wherein the layer element comprises an optical layer, wherein said optical layer is in contact with at least part of the light guide face, wherein the optical layer has a first index of refraction (n1) smaller than the refractive index of seawater, wherein the light guide comprises a UV radiation transmissive light guide material.

Abstract: Systems and methods for steering an optical beam in two dimensions are disclosed. The system includes a substrate comprising an acousto-optic antenna array and an acoustic transducer. Each antenna of the antenna array includes a high-confinement surface waveguide carrying a light signal. The acoustic transducer imparts acoustic energy into each surface waveguide as a mechanical wave. Interaction of the light signal and mechanical wave in each surface waveguide induces light to scatter into free space. The light scattered out of the plurality of waveguides collectively defines the output beam. The longitudinal angle of output beam, relative to the substrate, is determined by the relative frequencies of the mechanical waves and the light signals. The transverse angle of the output beam is controlled by controlling the relative phases of the mechanical waves and/or light signals across the surface-waveguide array.

Abstract: A cable comprising: a plurality of optical fiber cores; and one or more optical fiber core wires including one or more of the optical fiber cores. Further, at least one of the optical fiber core wire is fixed at a plurality of positions in a longitudinal direction of the cable so as to achieve substantially no displacement in a cable radial direction, at least a pair of the optical fiber core wires are fixed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cable so as to achieve substantially no displacement relative to each other, and sensing of a strain profile in the longitudinal direction of at least the pair of the optical fiber core wires leads to achievement of sensing of a shape of the cable in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Even when an insertion object is inserted to a deep position of a subject or even when the insertion object is inserted into the subject at an angle close to a right angle, it is possible to confirm the position of the insertion object in a photoacoustic image. The insertion object is, for example, a hollow puncture needle 15 that includes an opening at a tip thereof. The puncture needle 15 includes a light guide member 152 that guides light emitted from a first light source to the vicinity of the opening, and a light emitting portion 153 that is provided in the vicinity of the opening and emits the light. First photoacoustic waves, which are caused by the light emitted from the light emitting portion 153, are generated in the puncture needle 15. A first photoacoustic image is generated on the basis of the first photoacoustic waves.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device package. The semiconductor device package includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a first optical coupler disposed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. The first optical coupler includes a first surface facing away from the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and a first lateral surface connected to the first surface of the first optical coupler. The first surface of the first optical coupler and the first lateral surface of the optical coupler define an angle greater than 90 degrees. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes generating a visual environment for interactive development of a machine learning (ML) model. The method includes accessing observations of data each of which includes values of independent variables and a dependent variable, and performing an interactive exploratory data analysis (EDA) of the values of a set of the independent variables. The method includes performing an interactive feature construction and selection based on the interactive EDA, and in which select independent variables are selected as or transformed into a set of features for use in building a ML model to predict the dependent variable. The method includes building the ML model using a ML algorithm, the set of features, and a training set produced from the set of features and observations of the data. And the method includes outputting the ML model for deployment to predict the dependent variable for additional observations of the data.

Abstract: In an optical fiber monitoring system which detects physical disturbance or other parameters such as temperature or strain of a fiber where a monitor signal is transmitted along the optical fiber and analyzed to detect changes which are indicative of an event, a method is provided for periodically checking proper operation of the optical fiber monitoring system. A fiber disturbance actuator periodically causes a pattern of disturbances of a portion of the fiber at a predetermined location thereon where the disturbance is characteristic of the event to be monitored. The monitor signal is analyzed to detect the pattern of changes and in the event that expected changes are not detected, a warning is issued that the intrusion detection system is not properly operating.

Abstract: A method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit, the fluid comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of: (a) measuring optical variances resulting from at least one circumferential mode of vibration of the conduit by directing a monochromatic light source, such as from a vibrometer, onto an external surface of the conduit thereby providing a measured vibration of the conduit as a result of fluid flow in the conduit. The data normally accurately measures velocity of the conduit usually considered to be wideband noise. Accordingly, sample rates are high, such as at least 5,000 times per second. The data is then assessed, for example by using a Fourier Transform, and a pre-trained algorithm to predict fluid flow at that point in the conduit, or upstream or downstream thereof. An associated apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A test instrument tests an optical component of a fiber optic network. The test instrument determines signal parameters describing pulses to be emitted by lasers of the test instrument to test the optical component, and directly modulates the lasers to repeatedly emit the pulses at different wavelengths on a single fiber optic cable in a time division multiplexing manner. The test instrument triggers powering measurements to coincide with the emitted pulses, and determines performance parameters of the optical component based on the triggered power measurements.

Abstract: A laser radar system using collocated laser beams to unambiguously detects a range of a target and a range rate at which the target is moving relative to the laser radar system. Another aspect of various embodiments of the invention may relate to a laser radar system that uses multiple laser radar sections to obtain multiple simultaneous measurements (or substantially so), whereby both range and range rate can be determined without various temporal effects introduced by systems employing single laser sections taking sequential measurements. In addition, other aspects of various embodiments of the invention may enable faster determination of the range and rate of the target, a more accurate determination of the range and rate of the target, and/or may provide other advantages.

Abstract: Disclosed are a Fabry-Perot sensor and a method for manufacturing the same. A Fabry-Perot sensor including: a base part; a cavity formed between the base part and a pressure-sensitive film, and enclosed by the base part and the pressure-sensitive film; the pressure-sensitive film, fixed to the base part, wherein the pressure-sensitive film has one or more localised areas, each localised area has a doping substance doped into a base material of the pressure-sensitive film to produce stress, no localised area penetrates the entire thickness of the pressure-sensitive film, and under the effect of stress, the pressure-sensitive film has a corrugated structure; an optic fibre used for conducting a light signal, one end part of the optic fibre being fixed to an optic fibre mounting part of the base part, and the optic fibre mounting part being located at an end part of the base part opposite the cavity.

Abstract: A device includes a grating coupler with a grating constant, two light sources, and a planar waveguide, which are configured to couple light with two different wavelengths ?1, ?2 into the waveguide. The waveguide has a waveguiding layer disposed adjacent to a substrate layer and a cover layer. The waveguiding layer has a thickness d and effective refractive indices of N(?k, jk), wherein ?k is one of the wavelengths and jk is an order of a waveguide mode, wherein the coupled light of the wavelength ?k has a coupling angle ?k into the waveguide, and wherein an amount of difference between the coupling angles is a divergence angle ??. Guiding of waveguide modes of the order jk>0 is possible for a wavelength of the coupled light. The waveguiding layer is arranged to couple the light via the grating coupler under a divergence angle of ??<6.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to configurations of compact ultra-low loss integrated photonics-based waveguides for optical gyroscope applications, and the methods of fabricating those waveguides for ease of large scale manufacturing. Four main process flows are described: (1) process flow based on a repeated sequence of oxide deposition and anneal; (2) chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP)-based process flow followed by wafer bonding; (3) Damascene process flow followed by oxide deposition and anneal, or wafer bonding; and (4) CMP-based process flows followed by oxide deposition. Any combination of these process flows may be adopted to meet the end goal of fabricating optical gyroscope waveguides in one or more layers on a silicon substrate using standard silicon fabrication technologies.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical light guiding system, comprising an interface for coupling in and/or an interface for decoupling data and at least one data channel for transmitting data, and a method for transmitting data in optical systems, comprising the steps of coupling data into an interface of a beam guidance element; the transmission of the data by means of a first and/or a second data channel, which are arranged within the beam guiding element (or the casing), wherein the data channels can also be used for the fractional monitoring of the beam guiding element; and decoupling the data from an interface.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit for an interferometric sensor includes a first waveguide called sensitive arm wherein a first portion of the light radiation is propagated, the sensitive arm being exposed to a first ambient medium and to at least one compound to be detected inducing a modification of the local refractive index perceived by the evanescent part of the electromagnetic field of the first portion of the light radiation, and a second waveguide called reference arm wherein a second portion of the light radiation is propagated, an encapsulation layer encapsulating the reference arm, the encapsulation layer being impermeable to the compound or compounds to be detected, so that the reference arm is exposed only to a second ambient medium, substantially of the same nature as the first ambient medium and without the compound to be detected and interferometric sensor comprising a photonic integrated circuit according to the invention.

Abstract: A microscope lens system includes a body having a surface, a microlens, and an aperture positioned between the microlens and the surface. In the embodiment, the body is configured to position a mobile device on the surface such that a camera lens of the mobile device is aligned with the aperture.

Abstract: An example microelectromechanical system (MEMS) force sensor is described herein. The MEMS force sensor can include a sensor die configured to receive an applied force. The sensor die can include a first substrate and a second substrate, where a cavity is formed in the first substrate, and where at least a portion of the second substrate defines a deformable membrane. The MEMS force sensor can also include an etch stop layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a sensing element arranged on a surface of the second substrate. The sensing element can be configured to convert a strain on the surface of the membrane substrate to an analog electrical signal that is proportional to the strain.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods and apparatus for improving the performance of Rayleigh-based phase-OTDR with correlation-based diversity combining and bias removal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a first semiconductor device; a second semiconductor device; and a first redistribution layer disposed on the first semiconductor device and having a side wall defining an opening that exposes the first semiconductor device. The side wall of the first redistribution layer has an average surface roughness (Ra) in a range up to 2 micrometers (?m).

Abstract: A plunger assembly is configured for slidable advancement through a reservoir of a vessel containing a material to be administered. The plunger assembly includes a plunger rod having a distal end configured to be inserted into the reservoir. An elastomeric plunger extending from the distal end of the plunger rod is configured to sealingly engage a sidewall of the reservoir. At least one printed circuit board is embedded within the plunger, and at least one electronic component is electrically connected with the at least one printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method for measuring a fiber orientation degree includes: irradiating a sample formed of a composite material containing discontinuous carbon fibers with an X-ray to acquire an X-ray diffraction image; calculating an angle (2?)A of a peak originating from a crystal face of graphite; calculating a correction coefficient ? of a thickness of the sample; calculating an upper limit (2?)B of the peak of the crystal face of graphite; calculating a diffraction sensitivity IC(?) of the peak originating from the crystal face of graphite by correcting an integrating range with the correction coefficient ? and integrating the X-ray diffraction image with respect to a diffraction angle (2?); and calculating a fiber orientation degree Sd(?) by the method of Hermans from the diffraction sensitivity IC(?).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for taking pressure measurements are provided. A multi-hole pressure sensor probe can include a probe tip having a plurality of probe tip holes. The probe tip holes can lead to probe tip channels that convey fluid from the measurement environment to pressure transducers. The pressure transducers can operate using optical transduction techniques. A light source can be applied to the diaphragm, and the light reflected from the diaphragm changes as the position of the diaphragm changes. Further, a reflective material can be applied on the backside of the diaphragm to increase its reflective properties. The light can then be collected and analyzed using a photodiode to determine the environmental pressure acting on the different holes of the probe.

Abstract: A fiber optic cable includes a plurality of optical fibers and an optical sensor. The optical sensor includes a first optical coupler and a first mirror. The first optical coupler is coupled to a first of the optical fibers and to a second of the optical fibers at a first sensor takeout location. The first mirror is coupled to the first of the optical fibers at a second sensor takeout location. The first sensor takeout location is longitudinally offset from the second sensor takeout location.

Abstract: A microcirculation detection system including a heating device, a photosensitive array and a processing unit is provided. The heating device is used to heat a skin area. The photosensitive array is used to detect outgoing light from the skin area, and output a plurality of brightness variation signals respectively at different time points within a heating period. The processing unit is used to calculate a change of an array energy distribution varied within the heating period according to the plurality of brightness variation signals to accordingly identify a microcirculation state.

Abstract: An optical measuring device for measuring light emitted from a sample includes a container cavity for receiving a container in which the sample is enclosed; a light detection unit for detecting light from the sample; a light guide path for guiding the light from the sample to the light detection unit; and a light absorbing unit for absorbing incident light. An end of the light guide path to receive the incident light faces the container cavity, a light exit end of the light guide path faces the light detection unit, and the light absorbing unit covers the perimeter of the light guide path other than the light-receiving-end and the light exit end thereof.

Abstract: A backlight unit may include: a light source providing coherent light; a light guide plate having a light entrance surface on which light from the light source is incident and a light exit surface through which the light is output; a plurality of diffraction gratings (for example, a first input grating, a second input grating, and a third input grating) that are arranged in different regions of the light guide plate to sequentially diffract the light from the light source such that that the beam width of the light may increase as the light propagates in the light guide plate; and a diffraction grating (for example, an output grating) that diffracts and outputs the light having an increased beam width in a direction toward the outside of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An optical fiber-mounted field sensor for measuring an electric or magnetic field includes an optical fiber configured to receive light from a laser source, a polarizer, a polarization manipulator, electro-optical material or magneto-optical material adjacent to the polarization manipulator, and a high reflection coating. The polarizer is adjacent to an output of the fiber, while the polarization manipulator is adjacent to the polarizer and opposite of the optical fiber. The electro-optical material or magneto-optical material is adjacent to the polarization manipulator, and the high reflection coating is adjacent to the electro-optical material or magneto-optical material. An optical mainframe for sending and receiving optical beams to and from the optical fiber-mounted field sensor is also described.

Abstract: A rectenna device (400) for converting incident light to electrical energy is disclosed. The rectenna device comprises a substrate (402), a first metallic layer (404) having a predefined thickness deposited on top of the substrate, a rectifying element (405) deposited on top of the first metallic layer, a second metallic layer (408) deposited on top of said rectifying element and configured to collect electromagnetic waves of the incident light and to couple it into plasmonic waves within the rectenna device, the second metallic layer comprising an array of a plurality of metallic patches (410) spaced from each other according to a predefined spacing, each metallic patch having predefined dimensions.