Abstract: An optical phase modulator comprising a plurality of non-polarizing waveguides having a layered stack including a core between at least one layer of cladding material, wherein the core is constructed of electro-optic material(s), wherein the layers of cladding materials having lower indices of refraction than the core for guided mode, wherein the layer of cladding material having higher indices of refraction than the core for non-guided mode, a substrate dimensioned and configured to integrate a plurality of optical components, wherein the optical components include a plurality of non-polarizing waveguide(s), a waveguide having a non-polarizing non-modulating region and a non-polarizing modulating region, coupler/splitter(s), electrode(s), a waveguide configuration including a first non-polarizing waveguide, a second polarizing waveguide and a third waveguide, and at least two optical fiber pigtails where one is coupled to a second and third waveguide.

Abstract: An SOI-based photonic bandgap (PBG) electro-optic device utilizes a patterned PBG structure to define a two-dimensional waveguide within an active waveguiding region of the SOI electro-optic device. The inclusion of the PBG columnar arrays within the SOI structure results in providing extremely tight lateral confinement of the optical mode within the waveguiding structure, thus significantly reducing the optical loss. By virtue of including the PBG structure, the associated electrical contacts may be placed in closer proximity to the active region without affecting the optical performance, thus increasing the switching speed of the electro-optic device. The overall device size, capacitance and resistance are also reduced as a consequence of using PBGs for lateral mode confinement.

Abstract: An optical switching element comprising: a multimode waveguide having an electro-optical effect; one or a plurality of first single mode waveguides; a plurality of second single mode waveguides; a first electrode arranged in the vicinity of one edge on one side of the multimode waveguide; a second electrode arranged in the vicinity of the other edge on the same side of the multimode waveguide; and a third electrode arranged on the other side of the multimode waveguide, over the first electrode and the second electrode being arranged so as to be positioned on luminescent spots in an optical mode field generated by the light propagating through the multimode waveguide, and an optical path being switched between the first single mode waveguide and the second single mode waveguide by applying voltage between the first electrode and the third electrode and between the second electrode and the third electrode, is provided.

Abstract: An electro-optical circuit board is provided, which includes an electrical wiring board and an optical wiring board. The optical wiring board includes a first metal substrate, an optical guiding layer formed on the first metal substrate, and a metal supporting structure formed around the optical guiding layer, wherein the optical guiding layer includes an optical waveguide and a clad wrapping the optical waveguide. When the electrical wiring board is joined with the optical wiring board through a laminating process, the metal supporting structure absorbs the pressure applied to the electro-optical circuit board.

Abstract: An optical element is provided that includes a base substrate, a waveguide substrate, and a thin film layer that is provided between the base substrate and the waveguide substrate and that has a single-layer structure of a multilayer structure including a film containing Ta2O5 or Nb2O5 as a principal component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a set-reset flip-flop operating in an all-optical manner. In this invention, a set pulse is inputted from the setting port. In doing so, only oscillation in set mode is generated at the multi-mode interference portion in a waveguide. As a result, a non-inverting output Q is obtained from the non-inverting output port. This state is then continued even if the set pulse input goes off. Next, a reset pulse is inputted to the resetting port. In doing so, at the multi-mode interference portion, oscillation of light in the set mode is halted, and oscillation in the reset mode occurs. As a result, it is possible to obtain an inverting output Q-bar from the inverting output port. This state is then continued even if the reset pulse goes off.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for analysis of an analyte. The method involves providing a zero-mode waveguide which includes a cladding surrounding a core where the cladding is configured to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the core of the zero-mode waveguide. The analyte is positioned in the core of the zero-mode waveguide and is then subjected, in the core of the zero-mode wave guide, to activating electromagnetic radiation of a frequency less than the cut-off frequency under conditions effective to permit analysis of the analyte in an effective observation volume which is more compact than if the analysis were carried out in the absence of the zero-mode waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optic circuit includes a semiconductor substrate on which a photosensor may be imprinted that detects a predetermined optical signal wavelength. The electro-optic integrated circuit further includes an electronic integrated circuit, including the photosensor, imprinted on the semiconductor substrate. The integrated electro-optic circuit further includes a buffer layer laid on the electronic integrated circuit and a waveguide layer, including a waveguide, positioned on the buffer layer. The waveguide layer is formed of phosphate glass doped with a signal amplifying material. A cladding layer is laid on the waveguide layer. In the electro-optic circuit, the index of refraction of the waveguide layer is greater than an index of refraction of the buffer layer and greater than an index of refraction of the cladding layer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device which includes an optical waveguide part and a photonic device mounting part is provided. A mask is patterned after high-temperature annealing to form a pedestal block on which a light emitting device is mounted. Thus, there is no influence on the mask, even if the device undergoes the heat treatment at a high temperature during the manufacturing process. This enables formation of the pedestal block with high accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to achieve an optical coupling with high accuracy in mounting a light emitting device on the pedestal block.

Abstract: Some of the embodiments of this invention provide optical waveguides which achieve high use efficiency of core material and which are inexpensive. Some other embodiments of the invention provide methods of manufacturing such optical waveguides. An method of manufacturing an optical waveguide, according to the invention, comprises a step of forming a first clad by applying a resin on a substrate and curing the resin, a step of applying a core material between a recessed mold which has a recess having a shape identical to a shape of the core, and the first clad which is provided on the substrate, a step of curing the core material thus applied, thereby forming a core pattern having a shape corresponding to that of the recess, and a step of peeling the recessed mold from the core pattern and the first clad.

Abstract: Provided are a planar optical waveguide and a method of fabricating the same which is adapted to a planar optical component and an optical component for use in a optical communication. The planar optical waveguide includes: a lower cladding layer formed on a substrate, a core formed on the lower cladding layer, a dielectric layer covering the core, and an upper cladding layer formed on the lower cladding layer having the dielectric layer. By forming the dielectric layer having a low refractive index between the core and the clad, a difference of refractive indices between the core and the clad increases so that light is densely focused into the core, thereby forming a single mode having a strong energy to minimize a propagation loss.

Abstract: In an optical element aimed at readily and accurately controlling a refractive index of an electrooptic effect film, and at making the device adaptive to further downsizing, a voltage control unit controls the refractive index of light in an optical waveguide between two values of a first voltage and a second voltage bounded at a predetermined voltage which corresponds to an anti-ferroelectric phase transition point, based on a fact that the refractive index of a core layer of the optical waveguide largely varies in a digital manner at the predetermined voltage, but is kept almost constant thereunder and thereabove.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silica optical waveguide having a clad layer and a core formed from a silica material and a method of fabricating the same and provides a silica optical waveguide in which the position of a core can be easily recognized and a method of manufacturing the same. The waveguide has a lower clad layer formed from silicate glass on a silica substrate, a core formed from silicate glass on the lower clad layer, and an upper clad layer formed of silicate glass on the lower clad layer so as to embed the core. A difference of height is provided on a top surface of the upper clad layer such that a difference between reflections from the position of the core and from other positions can be recognized on the top surface of the upper clad layer.

Abstract: Provided is a planar focusing grating coupler, comprising: a light waveguide including a cladding layer and a core layer formed on a substrate and maintaining incident laser light in a single mode; and a focusing grating coupler formed to have a predetermined grating pitch at a certain area over the core layer, wherein the light using to the light waveguide forms a focal point with the grating layer in the direction perpendicular to the focusing grating coupler, whereby an ultra small pickup head for a mobile optical disk can be used.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical waveguide includes a high dielectric constant core material relative to the cladding material. The cladding material has an index of refraction that is adjustable in response to an electrical stimulus.

Abstract: An optical waveguide comprising a substrate, a lower clad layer on the substrate, a core layer and an upper clad layer, at least one of the lower clad layer, the core layer and the upper clad layer is formed of a cured product of a photo-curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising (A) a (meth)acryloyloxy group-containing organopolysiloxane of the following average compositional formula (1): (CH2?CR1COO(CH2)n)a(Ph)bR2c(R3O)dSiO(4-a-b-c-d)/2??(1) wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is an C1–C8 alkyl or C2–C8 alkenyl group, Ph is phenyl, R3 is hydrogen or an unsubstituted or alkoxy-substituted C1–C4 alkyl group, subscripts a, b, c and d are numbers satisfying: 0.05?a?0.9, 0.1?b?0.9, 0?c?0.2, 0<d?0.5, and 0.8?a+b+c+d?1.5, and n is an integer of 2 to 5, and having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 as measured by GPC using a polystyrene standard, and (B) a photosensitizer.

Abstract: A photonic crystal device according to the present invention includes: a first dielectric substrate 104 having a first lattice structure, of which the dielectric constant changes periodically within a first plane; a second dielectric substrate 105 having a second lattice structure, of which the dielectric constant changes periodically within a second plane; and an adjustment device (pivot 303) for changing a photonic band structure, defined by the first and second lattice structures, by varying relative arrangement of the first and second lattice structures. The first and second dielectric substrates 104 and 105 are stacked one upon the other.

Abstract: A variable light controlling device comprising a substrate, an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate, a first heater and a second heater to change the optical waveguide's temperature is fabricated. And a total amount of the power supplied to the first and the second heater, or a total amount of heat emitted from both of the first and second heater, is maintained substantially constant. Then, the substrate is protected from temperature changes, thereby, stable and quick wavelength tuning operations are realized.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide, comprising the steps of: preparing an optical film on a substrate; preparing a template having a plurality of protrusions of less than 500 nm in length such that the protrusions are spaced a predetermined distance from each other; heating the film; causing the template to press against the heated film such that a portion of the film is deformed by the protrusions; separating the template from the film; and etching the film to remove a residual layer of the film to form a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide.

Abstract: A chassis includes a plurality of slots to receive modules. The chassis includes an electrical backplane to couple to a module received in a first slot of the plurality of slots. The module to couple via a first communication interface on the module. An optical backplane is also included in the chassis. The optical backplane is to couple to the modules via a second communication interface on the module. The optical backplane is to couple to the second interface on the module via at least one interconnect through an opening in the electrical backplane. The interconnect configured to couple a fabric interface associated with the second communication interface to a communication channel routed over the optical backplane.

Abstract: A method for production of an optical element includes preparing a first member having formed on the surface of a first substrate 101 a first layer 103 by at least one of epitaxial growth and pore-making (micropore-making) and a second member having a porous layer for layer separation formed on a second substrate 104 and having formed thereon a second layer by at least one of epitaxial growth and pore-making (micropore-making), bonding the first layer 103 and the second layer, separating the second substrate 104 and the second layer of the second member from each other at the porous layer for layer separation in the second member, to form a laminated structure on the first substrate 101, forming a refraction index distribution pattern produced by a difference in refraction index in the plane of at least one of the first layer 103 and the second layer.

Abstract: An improved electro-optical system has a planar waveguide coupled to a photodetector through a transparent substrate. The planar waveguide is within a planar optical structure that can be part of optical communication network. The photodetector is positioned to receive light that passes from the waveguide through the transparent substrate. The photodetector can be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry along the transparent substrate for connection to a electrical apparatus. Corresponding methods for forming the electro-optical structure are described. These improved electro-optical systems can be used for terminating an optical transmission system at an end user or a local network associated with a group of end users.

Abstract: A 3D Photonic Bandgap Device in SOI (NC#98374). The structure includes a substrate having a semiconductor layer over an insulator layer and a 3D photonic bandgap structure having at least one period operatively coupled to the substrate. The apparatus has a funnel waveguide configuration.

Abstract: An optical filter includes a body of a polyhedron structure in which a recess having a predetermined depth from one side surface is exposed on a front surface and a rear surface and a multi-layer thin film which is deposited on the front surface of the body to cover an exposed portion of the recess of the body.

Abstract: A method for controlling one or more temperature dependent optical properties of a structure in accordance with embodiments of the present invention includes heating at least a portion of a photonic band-gap structure and oxidizing the portion of the photonic band-gap structure during the heating to alter at least one temperature dependent optical property of the stack.

Abstract: Diffraction gratings for coupling an electromagnetic wave into a planar waveguide are disclosed. The diffraction grating may include a first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating slanted relative to one another. Alternatively, the diffraction grating may include a first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating spaced apart to form a gap therebetween.

Abstract: In a multi-mode interference waveguide (MMI) of a sheet shape spreading in the length direction and the width direction, the length of the multi-mode interference waveguide is set to such a length that the unique mode interferes in the length direction, thereby reducing the coupling loss when inputting/outputting the signal light. The multi-mode interference waveguide has a maximum refraction factor portion in the thickness direction and has such a refraction factor distribution that the refraction factor is reduced as departing from the maximum refraction factor portion. Thus, it is possible to suppress mode dispersion in the thickness direction of the multi-mode interference waveguide and obtain a high transmission rate in the order of 10 Gb/s.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch having a photonic crystal structure. An optical switch of the invention has a slab optical waveguide structure whose core (35) has a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure where two or more media (33, 34) with different refractive indices are alternately and regularly arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The photonic crystal structure comprises: a line-defect waveguide; and means for altering the refractive index of the line-defect waveguide.

Abstract: An optical waveguide has a surface. An array of separately actuated bodies is disposed proximal to the exposed surface, and an actuator separately actuates at least some of the bodies to change a spectral characteristic of a wave propagating through the waveguide. Preferably, the bodies are metal striplines, an electro-optical material is disposed between the striplines and the exposed surface, and the actuator is a CMOS chip that imposes a voltage to some or all of the lines. The voltage changes the refractive index at the interface with the surface, changing an index of refraction profile of the waveguide and effectively imposing a grating. Alternatively, the bodies are micro-beams and the actuator, also controlled by a CMOS chip, separately moves each micro-beam into and out of proximity to the surface. The grating is programmable via the CMOS chip.

Abstract: A semiconductor based structure containing substantially smoothed waveguides having a rounded surface is disclosed, as well as methods of fabricating such a structure. The substantially smoothed waveguides may be formed of waveguide materials such as amorphous silicon or stoichiometric silicon nitride. The substantially smoothed waveguides are formed with an isotropic wet etch combined with sonic energy.

Abstract: Provided are an optoelectric printed circuit board (PCB) including an optoelectric transmission metal track and a dielectric layer, an optoelectric transmission method using the optoelectric PCB, and a method of manufacturing the optoelectric PCB. The optoelectric transmission method includes injecting light and electricity to the optoelectric PCB including at least one optoelectric transmission metal track and a dielectric layer contacting the optoelectric transmission metal track. The injected light and electricity are transmitted through the optoelectric PCB. The transmitted light and electricity are emitted from the optoelectric PCB.

Abstract: A free-space optically-coupled collimator for the efficient bidirectional transmission of an optical metrology beam emanating from a waveguide aperture of a waveguide optical transmission element, all contained in an isothermal nested enclosure, with the waveguide element mounted in a stress-free fashion. The focus of the collimator is set at the waveguide aperture of the waveguide optical transmission element, the optical axis of the collimator aligns with the optical metrology beam as it exits the waveguide aperture of the waveguide optical transmission element, and the numeric aperture of the collimator is equal to or larger than the numeric aperture of the optical metrology beam as it exits the waveguide aperture of the waveguide optical transmission element.

Abstract: Provided is a dry-film suitable for use in forming an optical component. The dry-film includes a carrier substrate having a front surface and a back surface. A negative-working photoimageable polymeric layer is disposed over the front surface of the carrier substrate, and includes a photoactive component and units of the formula (RSiO1.5), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group. In each of the units, R is free of hydroxy groups. The units include units of the formula (R1SiO1.5) and (R2SiO1.5), wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. A protective cover layer is disposed over the front surface or back surface of the carrier substrate. Also provided are methods of forming optical devices with dry-films. The invention finds particular applicability in the optoelectronics industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for introducing light into a waveguide, which device comprises: a light source, preferably an electro-optical converter, more preferably a VCSEL, for generating a light beam; a reflector for receiving at least a part of the light beam and for reflecting at least a part of the received part, wherein the waveguide and the material layer lie substantially mutually in line and both rest at least partially on a substantially flat substrate, wherein the light source and the reflector are positioned relative to the waveguide such that at least a part of the reflected part is introduced into the waveguide. The invention also relates to a device for emitting light from a waveguide. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such devices.

Abstract: Photonic interconnect reconfigurably couples integrated circuits such as microprocessor, memory or other logic components. Detector, modulator, broad-band coupler and waveguide elements provide transmit and receive capability on CMOS substrate. Computer-implemented design software and reusable component library automate photonic and circuit design and simulation for manufacturability.

Abstract: Provided is a dry-film suitable for use in forming an optical component. The dry-film includes a carrier substrate having a front surface and a back surface. A non-photoimageable, thermally curable polymeric layer is provided over the front surface of the carrier substrate. The polymeric layer includes a thermally active component and units of the formula (RSiO1.5), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group. A protective cover layer is disposed over the front or back surface of the carrier substrate. Also provided are methods of forming optical devices with dry-films. The invention finds particular applicability in the optoelectronics industry.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed which includes a single-mode waveguide (700) which supports a first optical mode in a first region and a second optical mode in a second region. The waveguide includes a guiding layer (703) having at least one wing (750) extended outwardly from the guiding layer (703). The guiding layer (703) may desirably have a rib waveguide (706, 707) cross sectional shape at the wings. The wings (750) decrease in width along the length of the guiding layer to convert a rib waveguide mode at the wings to a channel waveguide mode.

Abstract: An electroabsorption (EA) duplexer in which an optical amplifier, a photodetector, and an optical modulator are monolithically integrated to obtain a high radio frequency (RF) gain in radio-over fiber (RoF) link optical transmission technology is provided. The EA duplexer includes a substrate, a separation area, an optical detection/modulation unit, and an optical amplification unit. The separation area includes a first epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the substrate. The first epitaxial layer functions as a first optical waveguide. The optical detection/modulation unit includes a second epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the first epitaxial layer to detect and modulate an optical signal. The second epitaxial layer functions as a second optical waveguide. The optical amplification unit includes the second optical waveguide and a third epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the second epitaxial layer to amplify an optical signal.

Abstract: Formation, through etching, of structures whose minimum width is less than can be achieved by optical means alone has been achieved by inserting a layer of sandwiching material between the photoresist (or hard mask if used) and the structure. By adjustment of the relative etch rates of this layer and the structure, a uniform lateral width reduction and surface smoothing of the structure is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for transmitting optical signals between at least two components disposed for rotation. The invention excels itself by the provision that at least one micro-optical component is used for beam forming or beam guidance.

Abstract: A light guide plate that eliminates haze while obtaining a desired uniformity of luminance to enhance light efficiency. The light guide plate can be used with a backlight unit using the light guide plate and an LCD using the backlight unit. The light guide plate includes an incidence face to allow light emitted from a light source to be incident to the light guide plate, an outgoing face to allow the incident light to exit the light guide plate, a backside face opposite to the outgoing face, and mirror patterns provided at the outgoing face or backside face, and adapted to increase an exiting rate of the light at a low luminance region defined in a vicinity of the light source.

Abstract: An optical interconnection device is provided which comprises an optical waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer is equipped with a plurality of electrodes which are independently drive-controllable such that a refractive index distribution is generated in the waveguide layer by drive control of the electrodes to control a propagation state of light in the waveguide layer, and an optical interconnection port is provided on an upper or lower surface or inside of the waveguide layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes: a conductive film having a through opening and a periodic uneven structure (grooves) formed in a surface thereof; and a photonic crystal. The grooves are formed around the through opening, the photonic crystal has an optical waveguide and a defect structure (point defect) optically coupled to the optical waveguide formed therein, the conductive film is disposed opposite to the photonic crystal, and the through opening is opposite to the point defect.

Abstract: A photonic crystal guided propagation structure. The structure includes a guide portion Wn, n being a positive real number or zero number, having a first configuration of rows of patterns, and a guide portion Wm, m being a real number, m>n, having a second configuration of rows of patterns, and a transition zone of distance D located between guide portion Wn and guide portion Wm, in which patterns aligned with at least one row of patterns in the first configuration decrease in size over distance D to allow progressive passing from the first configuration of rows of patterns to the second configuration of rows of patterns. The structures can be applied to the area of integrated optics (semiconductor lasers, laser modulators, filters, multiplexors, etc.).

Abstract: An optical mode converter comprising a slow wave electrode structure and including Schottky barriers for preventing an accumulation of free carriers in the optical waveguide region of the converter. The Schottky barriers are also used for suppressing higher order modes in the waveguide. Low refractive index insulators are used to allow efficient driving of the device without hindering the impedance or the microwave index of the optical mode converter. Two-photon absorption processes are eliminated through the use of a waveguide semiconductor material having a bandgap of at least twice the photon energy of the light beam propagating through the optical mode converter.

Abstract: A backlight module (20) includes a light guide plate (22), a light source (21), and a reflection plate (23). The light guide plate includes a light incidence surface (221) for receiving light, a light emitting surface (223) for emitting light, and a bottom surface (222). The light source is disposed adjacent the light incidence surface. The reflection plate disposed under the bottom surface includes a base (232), and a reflection layer (233) formed on the base. The reflection layer defines a number of diffraction grating units (231) at an outer surface thereof. Grating constants of the diffraction grating units progressively decrease with increasing distance away from the light incidence surface. This enables the light emitting surface to output highly uniform light. Further, if the process of fabrication of the diffraction grating units fails, only the reflection plate need be discarded. Thus the backlight module has a low mass manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An optical phase modulator comprising a plurality of polarizing waveguides having a layered stack including a core between at least one layer of cladding material, wherein the core is constructed of electro-optic material(s), wherein the layers of cladding materials having lower indices of refraction than the core for guided mode, wherein the layers of cladding materials having higher indices of refraction than the core for non-guided mode, at least one electrode coupled to at least one waveguide including a modulating polarizing region, at least one waveguide having a non-modulating region and a modulating region, a substrate dimensioned and configured to integrate a plurality of optical components, wherein the optical components include a plurality of polarizing waveguide(s), a waveguide having a non-modulating region and a modulating region, coupler/splitter(s), electrode(s), and a waveguide configuration including a first polarizing waveguide, a second polarizing waveguide and a third polarizing waveguide

Abstract: An optical waveguide device has a substrate composed of a nonlinear optical material and a periodically domain-inverted structure having the same composition as the nonlinear optical material, where the domain-inverted structure has a refractive index distribution relying on the domain-inverted structure.

Abstract: Improvements in a biosensor of the type having reservoirs or wells for analyzing a biological liquid are disclosed. A biosensor (190) includes a waveguide (164) placed between a plurality of members such as plates (100, 186), at least one of the members (100) being formed to define the walls (132, 134, 136) of the reservoirs where the liquid is biologically analyzed. The walls of the reservoirs are made of an inert, opaque material such as a metal. Although the biosensor may include a gasket (162), the gasket is associated with the members and waveguide in such a way (e.g. by recessing the gasket into a channel formed into a metal plate) so that the gasket does not form any significant portion of the reservoir wall. Waveguides of varying composition (e.g. plastic, quartz or glass) may be associated with the members to form the biosensor. The metal plate of the biosensor has input and output ports for infusing, draining, or oscillating the liquid to be analyzed in the reaction reservoir.

Abstract: An index grating is imprinted in the core of an optical fiber using a specially designed silica glass phase grating mask. The phase mask is held in close proximity to the optical fiber. Laser irradiation of the phase mask with ultraviolet light at normal incidence imprints (photoinduces) into the optical fiber core the interference pattern created by the phase mask.