Abstract: An optical device includes a light-transmitting medium positioned on a base. The light-transmitting medium at least partially defines a free propagation region through which light signals travel. A reflective grating includes stepped reflecting surfaces positioned such that light signals that travel through the free propagation region are received by the reflecting surfaces. The reflecting surfaces are configured to reflect the light signal back into the free propagation region such that the light signals associated with different wavelengths separate as the light signals travel through the free propagation region. At least a portion of the reflecting surfaces each includes an overlapping region. Additionally, at least a portion of the reflecting surfaces each includes an overlapped region and un un-overlapped region. The reflecting grating is configured such that the light signals travel toward the overlapped regions and the un-overlapped regions before being reflected.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods that compensate for the thermally-induced drift of the resonance frequency of a closed-loop resonator include, in an exemplary embodiment, a waveguide-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and an overcoupled, waveguide-based microring resonator. The temperature-induced red-shifting ring resonance can be balanced by a spectral blueshift with temperature of the MZI. To stabilize the resonance of the ring at a given wavelength, the change in optical path lengths with temperature of the ring and the MZI should be equal and opposite. The interplay of nonlinear change in phase of ring resonator with temperature and linear change in phase of MZI with temperature, along with matching the period of this phase change, gives rise to perfect oscillation in the combined system resonance with temperature.

Abstract: An optical sensor module is provided in which an engagement portion of a board unit is fitted in a groove of an optical waveguide unit and, even with the single engagement portion, the board unit is stably supported. An optical sensor module includes an optical waveguide unit, and a board unit mounted with an optical element and coupled to the optical waveguide unit. The optical waveguide unit includes a single edge extension portion axially extending along one side edge of an over-cladding layer, a board unit engagement groove provided in the single edge extension portion, and a projection provided on a side wall of the vertical groove and kept in abutment against an engagement portion of the board unit. The board unit includes an engagement portion fitted in the vertical groove, which abuts against the projection within the vertical groove.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present method and apparatus encompasses an apparatus that may have: a predetermined length, the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide having first and second opposed sides; quantum wells disposed within the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide along the length of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide, the quantum wells being formed of a quantum well gain material; microchannel cooler that extends substantially the width of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide, the microchannel cooler located adjacent the first side of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide; and a plurality of pump arrays arranged along the microchannel cooler opposed from the first side of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide; wherein the quantum well gain material is photopumped through the microchannel cooler.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes an optical branch device for branching a first input light and outputting the branched first input light to a first and a second optical waveguides, another optical branch device, arranged between the first and the second optical waveguides, for branching a second input light and outputting the branched second input light to a third and a fourth optical waveguides, an optical coupler which couples the lights traveling along the first and the third optical waveguides, then branches the coupled lights, and outputs them; and another optical coupler which couples the lights traveling along the second and the fourth optical waveguides, then branches the coupled lights, and outputs them, wherein optical path lengths of either a pair of the first and the second optical waveguides or a pair of the third and the fourth optical waveguides are set to be equal.

Abstract: A resin composition is provided, which satisfies both an uncured layer flexibility requirement and a patterning resolution requirement for production of an optical waveguide by a roll-to-roll process. An optical waveguide produced by using the resin composition is also provided. The resin composition comprises: (A) an aromatic multifunctional epoxy polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500 to 5000; (B) an aromatic multifunctional epoxy polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10000 to 50000; (C) at least one of monofunctional, difunctional and trifunctional liquid aromatic epoxy monomers; and (D) a photoacid generator; wherein the components (A), (B) and (C) are present in proportions of 80 to 90 parts by weight, 5 to 15 parts by weight, and 1 to 10 parts by weight, respectively, based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the components (A), (B) and (C).

Abstract: A hybrid integrated module includes a semiconductor die mechanically coupled face-to-face to an integrated device in which the substrate has been removed. For example, the integrated circuit may include an optical waveguide that conveys an optical signal, which is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer in which the back-side silicon substrate or handler has been completely removed. Moreover, an optical device may be disposed on the bottom surface of an oxide layer (such as a buried-oxide layer) in the integrated device, and the geometry and materials in the integrated device may be selected and/or defined so that the optical signal is evanescently coupled between the optical waveguide and the optical device.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor integrated circuit. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a semiconductor pattern disposed on a substrate and including an optical waveguide part and a pair of recessed portions. The optical waveguide part has a thickness ranging from about 0.05 ?m to about 0.5 ?m. The recessed portions are disposed on both sides of the optical waveguide part and have a thinner thickness than the optical waveguide part. A first doped region and a second doped region are disposed in the recessed portions, respectively. The first and second doped regions are doped with a first conductive type dopant and a second conductive type dopant, respectively. An intrinsic region is formed in at least the optical waveguide part to contact the first and second doped regions.

Abstract: A light guide of the tapered-waveguide type includes an input slab for expanding a projected image between an input end and an output end, and an output slab arranged to receive rays from the said output end, and to emit them at a point on its face that corresponds to the angle at which the ray is received. The input slab and output waveguide are matched so that all rays injected into the input end undergo the same number of reflections before leaving the output surface. With the invention, the input slab is itself tapered slightly towards the output waveguide. This means that input and output waveguides can be made the same length, in the direction of ray travel, and can therefore be folded over each other with no wasted space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3-D waveguide coupling device capable of two-step coupling and a manufacture method thereof, the 3-D waveguide coupling device comprises: a first substrate, at least one waveguide layer, at least one assisting grating, at least one coupling material layer, and at least one 3-D tapered structure layer, wherein 3-D waveguide coupling device is able to couple the light into the waveguide layer by way of two-step coupling through the 3-D tapered structure layer, the coupling material layer and the assisting grating. Moreover, the light can also be coupled out from the waveguide layer through the assisting grating, the coupling layer, and the 3-D tapered structure. The manufacture method is adapted to fabricate the 3-D waveguide coupling device capable of two-step coupling via the present semiconductor process technology without increasing any other new equipment.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder interferometer type optical modulator includes first and third optical waveguides; input and output optical couplers; and a phase shifting section disposed between the input and output optical couplers. The phase shifting section includes first and second optical waveguide structures each including an n-type semiconductor section, a core layer and a cladding layer. The cladding layer of the first optical waveguide structure includes a first section disposed on the core layer, and second and third sections disposed on the first section. The second and third sections are juxtaposed to each other in a direction that intersects a waveguiding direction. The first and second sections are composed of a p-type semiconductor, and the third section is composed of an undoped semiconductor.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device includes a first optical waveguide including first, second, and third sections; a second optical waveguide including fourth, fifth, and sixth sections; an input optical coupler; and an output optical coupler. The first and second optical waveguides and the input and output optical couplers each include a first cladding layer composed of an n-type semiconductor and a core layer. The second and fifth sections each include an intermediate semiconductor layer on the core layer, and a second cladding layer composed of an n-type semiconductor. The first, third, fourth, and sixth sections and the input and output optical couplers each further include a third cladding layer on the core layer. At least one of the third cladding layers includes a first cladding section on the core layer and a second cladding section on the first cladding section. The second cladding section is composed of a semi-insulating semiconductor.

Abstract: A photoelectric composite wiring module, being superior in performances and mass-productivity thereof, and a transmission apparatus of applying that therein are provided. Optical devices 2a and 2b are disposed on a circuit board 1, so that they are optically coupled with optical guides 11 formed on the circuit board 1, wherein a filet-like resin is formed on a side surface of a bump, which is formed on side surfaces or/and upper portions of the optical devices, on an upper layer thereof being compressed a resin film to be adhered thereon, thereby forming an insulation film 31, and an electric wiring layer 3 is laminated, so that the electrodes of the optical devices 2 and wirings of the electric wiring layer are electrically connected with, and further thereon is mounted a semiconductor element 4; thereby obtaining the structure for brining the transmission speed to be high per channel, and for preventing the power consumption from increasing.

Abstract: A transform spectrometer measurement apparatus and method for a planar waveguide circuit (PLC). The spectrometer typically includes an input optical signal waveguide carrying an input optical signal; a plurality of couplers, each connected to the input optical signal waveguide, and each including a coupler output for carrying a coupled optical signal related to the input optical signal; and an array of interleaved, waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), each having at least one input MZI waveguide, each MZI input waveguide receiving a coupled optical signal from a respective coupler output. A phase shifting circuit is applied to at least one arm of the MZIs to induce an active phase shift on the arm to thereby measure phase error in the MZIs. Light output from the MZIs is measured under intrinsic phase error conditions and after an active phase shift by the phase shifting circuit.

Abstract: A power amplifying apparatus includes a first gallium arsenide substrate which may include a photonic power supply laser diode, a diamond substrate formed over the first gallium arsenide substrate, a silicon substrate formed over the diamond substrate, a second gallium arsenide substrate, a gallium nitride switching transistor and a photonic power supply photo diode array.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to an electro-optic device comprising a first region of silicon semiconductor material and a second region of III-V semiconductor material. A waveguide of the optical device is formed in part by a ridge in the second region. An optical mode of the waveguide is laterally confined by the ridge of the second region and vertically confined by a vertical boundary included in the first region. The ridge structure further serves as a current confinement structure over the active region of the electro-optic device, eliminating the need for implantation or other structures that are known to present reliability problems during manufacturing. The lack of “voids” and implants in electro-optic devices according to embodiments of the invention leads to better device reliability, process repeatability and improved mechanical strength.

Abstract: Included are a semiconductor device unit in which a semiconductor optical amplifier and a first semiconductor photo detector being configured to monitor a part of an input light input to the semiconductor optical amplifier or a part of an output light output from the semiconductor optical amplifier are integrated on a mutually same substrate, and a passive waveguide unit connected to the semiconductor device unit and in which a first passive waveguide being configured to cause the input light to be input to the semiconductor optical amplifier or to cause the output light to be output from the semiconductor optical amplifier and a second passive waveguide branching from the first passive waveguide and being configured to cause a part of the input light or a part of the output light to be input to the first semiconductor photo detector are provided on a mutually same substrate.

Abstract: A waveguide structure includes core 1 formed of a semiconductor such as Si, two external regions 2 which are not optically connected to the core but arranged at a certain distance from the core and bridges 3 which electrically connect the external regions to the core. Light propagating in the waveguide core is strongly confined in the waveguide core and optically disconnected from (i.e. not coupled with) the external regions, so that light can propagate in the waveguide without being affected by the existence of the external regions. Furthermore, the waveguide core is electrically connected to the external regions through the bridges, so that a voltage can be applied and a current can be caused to flow to the core from the external regions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including: a substrate; an insulation layer having a through hole and formed on the substrate; a lower clad layer formed on a bottom of the through hole; core part formed on the lower clad layer; and an upper clad layer formed on the lower clad layer and the core part and thus covering an exposed surface of the core part.

Abstract: An optical waveguide is provided. The optical waveguide includes: a layered structure including: a first cladding layer; a second cladding layer; and a core layer that is sandwiched between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, wherein an inclined surface is formed on at least one longitudinal end of the layered structure; and an outer cladding layer that seals at least a portion of the inclined surface corresponding to the core layer, wherein a refractive index of the outer cladding layer is smaller than that of the core layer.

Abstract: A method involving: providing an optical waveguide made of a semiconductor material and having a region that is doped by a deep level impurity which creates deep level states in a bandgap in the semiconductor material, the deep level states characterized by an occupancy; passing an optical signal through the optical waveguide and between the region doped by the deep level impurity; and modulating the occupancy of the deep level states to thereby modulate the optical signal.

Abstract: A polymer optical waveguide includes: at least one core through which light propagates; a cladding which surrounds the core and has a refractive index less than that of the core; at least one conductive wire being provided on at least one side of the cladding, the polymer optical waveguide having a sheet shape, the conductive wire including a conductive layer which is provided on the at least one side of the cladding and being partitioned by a first groove, and the core being formed between second grooves each of which is formed in at least a part of the first groove.

Abstract: A waveguide stub is connected to a pillar-type square-lattice photonic crystal waveguide. Within the waveguide stub, the diameter of a defect is made larger than that of the original photonic crystal waveguide thereby reducing the group velocity of a guided light. The original waveguide and the waveguide stub are smoothly connected via a taper waveguide. Because of low group velocity of light in the waveguide stub, free spectral range (FSR) decreases thereby allowing the size of the waveguide stub to be reduced.

Abstract: A new concept of the light guide device has developed to have multi channels, the present invention comprises: a transparent body through which light can freely pass; channel condensing units disposed at predetermined intervals on the body to form a plurality of one-dimensional arrays; an optical module unit for independently sighting incident light, and re-sighting and focusing light which passes through the one-dimensional arrays formed by the channel condensing units disposed at predetermined intervals in the body; and a fiber channel module for creating independent light passages (fiber channels) which condense light from the left, right, up and down aspects of the optical module unit, at a one-to-one correspondence between the body and the optical module unit. The present device maximizes the efficiency of the solar energy utilization by reducing the guide distance of incident light.

Abstract: A first clad layer is formed on a first substrate, and further first cores extending in parallel to each other in one direction are formed on the first clad layer. Separately from this, a second clad layer is formed on a second substrate, and further second cores extending in parallel to each other in a direction parallel to the first cores are formed on the second clad layer. Next, the first substrate and the second substrate are integrated with a third clad layer interposed therebetween in such a manner that a surface of the first substrate having the first cores formed thereon faces a surface of the second substrate having the second cores formed thereon, to thereby form an optical waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible optical waveguide prepared by using a resin film for forming an optical waveguide for at least one of a lower cladding layer, a core layer and an upper cladding layer, wherein a ten point average roughness (Rz) on a surface of either one of the lower cladding layer and the upper cladding layer is 0.5 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less, a production process for the same and an optical module prepared by using the flexible optical waveguide. Provided are a flexible optical waveguide which is excellent in an adhesive property in compounding with an electric printed wiring board and turning a flexible optical waveguide into a multilayer, a production process for the same and an optical module prepared by using the flexible optical waveguide.

Abstract: A nanofocusing system includes a dielectric waveguide having two opposing ends; and a metal-dielectric-metal layered waveguide having two opposing ends optically aligned at one end with one end of the dielectric waveguide, wherein the metal-dielectric-metal waveguide tapers in at least one dimension from the aligned end of the metal-dielectric-metal waveguide towards the opposing end, wherein light travelling through the dielectric waveguide is funneled into the dielectric layer of the metal-dielectric-metal waveguide, squeezed by the metal-dielectric-metal waveguide taper, and exits the metal-dielectric-metal waveguide as nanofocused light.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor includes at least one photonic crystal structure and an optical fiber in optical communication with the at least one photonic crystal structure. The at least one photonic crystal structure has at least one optical resonance with a resonance frequency and a resonance lineshape, wherein at least one of the resonance frequency and the resonance lineshape is responsive to acoustic waves incident upon the acoustic sensor. The acoustic sensor further includes an optical fiber in optical communication with the at least one photonic crystal structure. The optical fiber is configured to transmit light which impinges the at least one photonic crystal structure and to receive at least a portion of the light which impinges the at least one photonic crystal structure.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises an optical-mode-converter. The optical-mode-converter includes a optical waveguide including a segment directly located on a substrate and a cantilevered segment located over said substrate and separated from said substrate by a cavity, and, said cantilevered segment includes a core surrounded by a cladding. The optical-mode-converter also includes a dielectric material filling said cavity and contacting said cantilevered segment over said cavity, wherein said dielectric material has a refractive index that is less than a refractive index of said cladding and that is no more than about 20 percent less than said refractive index of said cladding.

Abstract: Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure, among others, include solid state, thin film waveguides, detection systems including waveguides, and methods of detecting target compounds.

Abstract: Provided are a waveguide with which strain and defect caused by a manufacturing process or the like or caused in a semiconductor in an initial stage or during operation are suppressed so that improvement and stabilization of characteristics are expected, and a method of manufacturing the waveguide. A waveguide includes a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer that are composed of a negative dielectric constant medium having a negative real part of dielectric constant with respect to an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide mode, and a core layer that is in contact with and placed between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer, and includes a semiconductor portion. The core layer including the semiconductor portion has a particular depressed and projected structure extending in an in-plane direction.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an optical modulation device, comprising: a substrate 1 having a polarization non-reversal region 17a and a polarization reversal region 17b; an optical waveguide 18 including first and second branched optical waveguide portions 18a, 18b; and a traveling waveguide including a center electrode 19a and a ground electrode 19b, 19c to have an electric signal applied thereto, said traveling waveguide and said first and second branched optical waveguide portions collectively forming an interaction portion to have said incident light interacted with said electric signal, said interaction portion being constituted by a first interaction sub-portion 20a and a second interaction sub-portion 20b, said first and second interaction sub-portions being respectively positioned in regions of said substrate having opposite polarization orientations with each other, in which said center electrode is positioned in face to face relationship with one of said first and second branched optical waveguide portions

Abstract: The waveguide-type polarizer includes: a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate; an optical waveguide having a ridge structure and formed on the substrate; a low refractive index film formed with a thickness satisfying 0?n·t/??0.3742 (where n is a refractive index, t (?m) is the thickness of the film, and ? (?m) is the wavelength of a light wave) on the side of the ridge structure; and a high refractive index film formed with a thickness satisfying 0.089?n·/? on the low refractive index film. The width of the ridge structure is a ridge width where the distribution of ordinary light of the light waves propagated through the optical waveguide changes and the distribution of extraordinary light of the light waves does not change, the angle of the ridge structure is less than 90°, and the waveguide-type polarizer has a function of transmitting extraordinary light.

Abstract: Provided is a traveling-wave type semiconductor optical phase modulator capable of high speed and low voltage operation by improving an n-SI-i-n-type layered structure. A first exemplary aspect of the present invention is a waveguide-type semiconductor optical modulator including: a semiconductor substrate (101); a first n-type cladding layer (103) and a second n-type cladding layer (108) formed on the semiconductor substrate (101); an undoped optical waveguide core layer (104) and an electron trapping layer (107) formed between the first n-type cladding layer (103) and the second n-type cladding layer (108); and a hole supplying layer (106) formed between the undoped optical waveguide core layer (104) and the electron trapping layer (107).

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-transmitting medium on a base. The light-transmitting medium at least partially defines a free propagation region through which light signals travel. A reflective grating is positioned such that light signals can travel through the free propagation region and be received by the optical grating. The optical grating is configured to reflect the received light signal back into the free propagation region. The optical grating reflects the light signals such that light signals associated with different wavelengths separate as the light signals travel through the free propagation region. The portion of the light-transmitting medium that defines the free propagation region has a facet through with the light signals are transmitted. The grating includes a buffer layer between the facet and a reflecting layer that is configured to reflect the light signals received by the grating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for compensating the polarization-dependent shift of the center frequency in an optical filter comprising an interferometer by way of compensating the birefringence in at least one waveguide of the interferometer, wherein at least one half-wave plate is arranged into the optical path of the interferometer and at least a section of the waveguide (16, 17) on the right and on the left of the half-wave plate (11) is brought to a pre-selectable temperature, and wherein at least one section on the right of the half-wave plate (11) is brought to a first temperature T1, and at least one section on the left of the half-wave plate (11) is brought to a second temperature T2.

Abstract: A waveguide structure includes a supporting substrate and a waveguide having at least one guide layer with a refractive index n1. This layer comprises a zone of birefringence B which comprises voids provided in the thickness of the guide layer filled with a fluid or material having a refractive index n2. These are organized in at least two parallel rows, each row being in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the guide layer and parallel to the direction of propagation of the optical wave in the guide layer; each row extending over a distance equal to or greater than the wavelength of the optical wave; the width of the voids being ? 1/10th of the wavelength of the optical wave; each void within one row being at a distance from an adjacent void of ? 1/10th of the wavelength of the optical wave.

Abstract: Nanoribbons and nanowires having diameters less than the wavelength of light are used in the formation and operation of optical circuits and devices. Such nanostructures function as subwavelength optical waveguides which form a fundamental building block for optical integration. The extraordinary length, flexibility and strength of these structures enable their manipulation on surfaces, including the precise positioning and optical linking of nanoribbon/wire waveguides and other nanoribbon/wire elements to form optical networks and devices. In addition, such structures provide for waveguiding in liquids, enabling them to further be used in other applications such as optical probes and sensors.

Abstract: A number of fluidic-photonic devices for allowing optical detection, systems employing such devices, and related methods of operation and fabrication of such devices are disclosed herein. In at least some embodiments, the devices can serve as flow cytometry devices and/or employ microfluidic channels. Also, in at least some embodiments, the devices are fluidic-photonic integrated circuit (FPIC) devices that employ both fluidic channels and one or more waveguides capable of receiving and/or delivering light, and that can be fabricated using polymeric materials. The fluidic-photonic devices in at least some embodiments are capable of functionality such as on-chip excitation, time-of-flight measurement, and can experience enhanced fluorescence detection sensitivity. In at least some embodiments, the devices employ detection waveguides that are joined by way of a waveguide demultiplexer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including a base board, and an optical waveguide formed on the base board. The optical waveguide includes a lower clad layer formed on the base board, an insulation layer formed on the lower clad layer and having a core-forming through-hole, a core part formed on a region of the lower clad layer, which is exposed through the through-hole, and an upper clad layer formed in the through-hole and on the insulation layer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes a substrate of a ferroelectric material, at least a pair of electrodes 4A, 4B provided on one main face of the substrate, and a channel-type optical waveguide 5A formed in a gap 1 of the pair of the electrodes. The optical waveguide 5A has a curved part 15. A central line C of the gap 1 is provided outside of a center line WC of the optical waveguide with respect to the center O of curvature of the curved part 15.

Abstract: An optical fuse or energy-switching-off device includes an optical waveguide having an input section and an output section, the two sections forming a pair of opposed surfaces extending transversely through the axes of the waveguide sections. A substantially transparent material is disposed between the opposed surfaces and comprises an electrically conductive nanotube web immersed in dielectric material, where the nanotubes are not in electrical contact with each other. The substantially transparent material forms a plasma when exposed to optical signals propagating within the optical waveguide with an optical power level above a predetermined threshold, and the plasma damages the opposed surfaces sufficiently to render the surfaces substantially opaque to light propagating within the input section of the optical waveguide so as to prevent the transmission of such light.

Abstract: A method of producing a planar substrate having waveguide channels, which method comprises: (i) providing a tube (6) of a substrate material; (ii) depositing silica layers (110) on the inside of the tube (6), the silica layers (110) being doped with a photosensitive material; (iii) drawing the tube (6) so that the cross-sectional size of the tube (109) is reduced; (iv) before or after the reducing of the cross-sectional size of the tube (6), causing the tube (6) to collapse into a flat shape by applying a low pressure to the tube, whereby the deposited silica layers together form a photosensitive silica layer (111); (v) cutting to required lengths the tube (6) which has been collapsed and reduced in cross-sectional size; and (vi) using laser writing to define waveguide channels in the cut lengths of the tube (6) and thereby to produce the planar substrate having the waveguide channels.

Abstract: A power amplifying apparatus comprises a base layer hosting a power supply, a core insulating layer, a growth layer, and a high power amplifier layer. The high power amplifier layer hosts a control section, a first drive and amplification section, an electrical (RF) signal to optical signal converter section, a plurality of photolithically defined substrate channels forming embedded optical waveguide structures for optical signal routing, an optical signal to electrical signal converter section, a second drive and amplification section, and at least one high frequency and high breakdown voltage power transistor.

Abstract: An optical splitter, a combiner and a device. The optical splitter comprises a first longitudinal waveguide for receiving an incoming light wave; at least first and second pairs of output waveguides, the output waveguides of each pair being disposed on opposite sides of the first waveguide; wherein each of the output waveguides of each pair comprises a longitudinal portion disposed parallel to the first waveguide and such that optical power is coupled from the first waveguide into the respective longitudinal portions and the longitudinal portions of output waveguides of the first and second pairs are displaced along a length of the first waveguide; wherein each of the output waveguides of each pair further comprises a substantially S-shaped portion continuing from the respective longitudinal portions and such that optical power coupling between the respective S-shaped portions of output waveguides of the first and second pairs is substantially inhibited.

Abstract: There is provided an optical control device including a plurality of line-defect waveguides provided in a photonic crystal; each line-defect waveguide including a multiplicity of dielectric pillars with a finite height arranged at lattice points of a two-dimensional Bravais lattice. The optical control device comprises: a first line-defect waveguide; a second line-defect waveguide provided with the dielectric pillars having a thickness different from that of the dielectric pillars of the first line-defect waveguide; and a third line-defect waveguide arranged between the first and second line-defect waveguides and provided with the dielectric pillars whose thicknesses are gradually varied from those of the dielectric pillars of the first line-defect waveguide to those of the dielectric pillars of the second line-defect waveguide along a wave guiding direction.

Abstract: A cable includes at least one plastic impregnated fiber layer and at least one conductor in contact with the at least one fiber layer. In some examples, the fiber may be glass fiber, aramid fiber or carbon fiber. In some examples, the plastic may be thermoset plastic, thermoplastic or chemically set resin. In some examples, the conductor may be an electrical conductor or an optical fiber.

Abstract: A substrate on which an optical element is mounted is provided, including: an optical element; an optical circuit substrate which is formed by an optical waveguide layer having a core portion and cladding portions; and an electrical circuit substrate on which is provided a mounting portion that is used for mounting the optical element, wherein the optical element is mounted on the electrical circuit substrate via the optical circuit substrate and wherein the optical circuit substrate has an optical element mounted thereon and is provided with a receptor structure having a conductive portion that conducts electricity between an electrode of the optical element and an electrode of the electrical circuit substrate.

Abstract: A channel is created within a planar layer. At least a portion of an optical path is formed within the channel. An optical core medium may be deposited into the channel. In various embodiments, reflective layers are deposited within and over the channel to form the optical path. In another embodiment, a photosensitive sheet is exposed to an optical path mask in the presence of an optical source to define an optical path lying within the plane of the sheet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing multiple layers of waveguides is disclosed. Initially, a first cladding layer is deposited on a substrate, a first inner cladding layer is then deposited on the first cladding layer, and a first waveguide material is deposited on the first inner cladding layer. The first inner cladding layer and the first waveguide material are then selectively etched to form a first waveguide layer. Next, a second inner cladding layer followed by a second cladding layer are deposited on the first waveguide layer. The second inner cladding layer and the second cladding layer are removed by using a chemical-mechanical polishing process selective to the first waveguide material. A third inner cladding layer followed by a second waveguide material are deposited on the first waveguide material. The third inner cladding layer and the second waveguide material are then selectively etched to form a second waveguide layer.