Abstract: A heat-generating apparatus includes a frame assembly and a securement assembly carried by the frame assembly. The securement assembly includes a panel member arranged in a first vertical plane for supporting a target material parallel to the first vertical plane. The heat-generating apparatus also includes a heating support assembly adjustably supported by the frame and including at least one heating element arranged in a second vertical plane that is parallel to and offset from the first vertical plane. The heating support assembly is adjustable along a horizontal first adjustment axis that is perpendicular to each of the first and second vertical planes and along a second adjustment axis that is disposed in or adjacent to the second vertical plane.

Abstract: A high emissivity coating applied to a sauna heating element and a method for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating is described. In one illustrative embodiment, a sauna heating element comprises a substrate, and a film coating applied to the substrate, the film coating applied as a first liquid layer and a second powder layer. In another illustrative embodiment, a process is provided for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating.

Abstract: Infrared heating panels are provided with an electrically insulative substrate that carries one or more infrared heating elements. Each heating element includes an elongated first segment attached to a first surface of the substrate and an elongated second segment electrically connected in series with the first segment. At least the first segment is a strip of an electrically resistive material adapted to emit infrared radiation in response to a current. The second segment is attached to the second surface of the substrate opposite from and in a parallel arrangement with the first segment such that a first current flowing through the heating element flows through the first segment in a first direction relative to the substrate and flows through the second segment in a second direction opposite the first direction. Saunas, heating systems, and methods for reducing electromagnetic emissions in an infrared sauna are also provided.

Abstract: A heating module for dye sublimation printing on an article comprises a first heating plate, an infrared heating source, and a metal shield. The infrared heating source is disposed under the first heating plate and emits a radiation. The metal shield can prevent the radiation, emitted by the infrared heating source, from projecting directly on the article. The first heating plate preheats a retransfer sheet to be softened and then molded on the article. Consequently, the infrared heating source heats the retransfer sheet for sublimation dye transfer on the article.

Abstract: A far infrared rays radiation device comprises a first metal plate having a far infrared rays radiating layer and a convex shape with a predetermined radius of curvature; an electrical current applying equipment for heating the first metal plate and for applying minute electrical current to the first metal plate; a first insulation plate interposed between the first metal plate and the electrical current applying equipment; a second metal plate provided below the electrical current applying equipment and having a projecting portion to form the first metal plate into the convex shape or to keep the convex shape; a second insulation plate interposed between the electrical current applying equipment and the second metal plate; and lead wires for supplying a predetermined electrical current to the electrical current applying equipment. Thus, the far infrared rays radiation device can radiate far infrared rays in a wavelength over 3.6 .mu.m.

Abstract: A heating panel has a resistive heating layer formed on a substrate. Insulating layers can be formed on the substrate. The heating layer has electrodes on opposite edges connected to different phases of a multiphase power source. Capacitive currents caused in the substrate by the different phases cancel each other. Thus, leakage current is minimized through a conductor connected between the substrate and ground. The heating panel can be adapted for two phase or three phase systems. The heating panels are particularly useful for defining a heating cavity of an oven or pots on a cook top.

Abstract: A heating panel has a metal substrate, ceramic inner and outer insulating layers on the substrate. A film of resistive material forms a heating layer on one of the insulating layers. The heating layer has electrodes on opposite edges connected to different phases of a multiphase power source. Another electrode is connected to a neutral of the power source. Capacitive currents caused in the substrate by the different phases cancel each other. Thus, leakage current is minimized through a conductor connected between the substrate and ground. The heating panel can be adapted for two phase or three phase systems. The heating panels are particularly useful for defining a heating cavity of an oven.

Abstract: A laparoscopic defogging apparatus for regulating and maintaining the temperature of a lens and end portion of the laparoscope is disclosed. A receptacle is provided which contains a first sterile fluid at a sufficient depth to allow the lens and end portion of the laparoscope to be placed in thermal contact with the first sterile fluid. A container is provided into which the receptacle is placed, which container is adapted to receive and contain a second sterile fluid at a sufficient depth to provide thermal contact with at least a part of the receptacle side wall portion. A heating device is provided to heat the sterile fluids whereby the laparoscope is maintained at a constant desired temperature, thereby preventing lens fogging.

Abstract: An oven using one or more quartz tungsten light bulbs capable of producing 1.5 kW of radiant energy of which a significant portion is light energy in the 0.4 to 0.7 .mu.m wavelength range impinges high intensity visible light wave radiation directly onto a food item. Light sources can be positioned above and below the food item and the inner walls of the oven are preferably highly reflective to reflect light energy onto the food. The intensity of the visible light source is automatically controllable and can be varied throughout the cooking cycle.

Abstract: An oven using one or more quartz tungsten light bulbs capable of producing 1.5 kW of radiant energy of which a significant portion is light energy in the 0.4 to 0.7 .mu.m wavelength range impinges high intensity visible light wave radiation directly onto a food item. Light sources can be positioned above and below the food item and the inner walls of the oven are preferably highly reflective to reflect light energy onto the food. The intensity of the visible light source is automatically controllable and can be varied throughout the cooking cycle.