Abstract: A computing device includes a bezel and an enclosure. The bezel includes a heater apparatus. The enclosure includes a plurality of hardware components, and the bezel is affixed to a frontside of the enclosure and configured to heat at least a volume of air entering the enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention has to do with an apparatus for generating a three dimension heating gradient field for curing powder coated wood products. The three dimension heating gradient field is generated with catalytic heater panels having independently adjustable angles and adjustable heat outputs.

Abstract: A radiant heating device for a vehicle includes a radiant heater that radiates radiant heat toward a passenger and is provided together with an air-conditioner that selectively introduces air outside a passenger compartment or air inside the passenger compartment and then supplies conditioned air generated from the introduced air into the passenger compartment. The radiant heating device includes a controller that differentiates a radiant energy amount of the radiant heater when the introduced air into the air-conditioner is the air outside the passenger compartment from when the introduced air is the air inside the passenger compartment. According to the radiant heating device, the passenger can be provided with warm comfort feeling both in an outside air intake mode and in an inside air intake mode of the air-conditioner.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the temperature of an object, comprises: a housing comprising: a cavity adapted to accept an object, an air inlet configured to allow air to flow into the cavity, and an air outlet configured to allow air to flow out of the cavity; and a nest configured to hold the object within the housing such that the smallest planar dimension of the object is substantially aligned with the smallest planar dimension of the cavity; wherein the nest and housing are adapted to direct air flow from the air inlet, substantially in parallel across at least one surface of the object and in the direction of the smaller dimension of the at least one surface, to the air outlet.

Abstract: Electrical mats for generating heat, light or IR radiation which may be cut, drilled or trimmed and maintain their function. The mat is made of at least two sets of non-parallel electrodes of different polarities wherein electrodes of same polarities are connected to each other, but isolated from electrodes of different polarities; and a plurality of electrical elements connected to the electrode of different polarity and generating heat, radiation or light. The mats may be in the form of tiles, strips or tubes and may be used to tile 2D or 3D structures. The mats may also include cover layer or thermal isolation. Mats may be formed by deposition on a substrate or woven as fabric.

Abstract: A photocatalytic coating composition is provided. The composition comprises a hydroxyapatite-coated photocatalyst, a silica-based binder, an acrylic emulsion, a thickener and water. Further provided is a radiant heating system having the composition. The system has deodorizing and antibacterial properties.

Abstract: A high emissivity coating applied to a sauna heating element and a method for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating is described. In one illustrative embodiment, a sauna heating element comprises a substrate, and a film coating applied to the substrate, the film coating applied as a first liquid layer and a second powder layer. In another illustrative embodiment, a process is provided for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating.

Abstract: A radiant heating system includes a molded agglomeration of inert natural stone waste and a heating element embedded in the agglomeration. The agglomeration contains 45-55% by weight of stone particles having a size from 1 to 5 mm; 30-35% by weight of stone dust having a size from 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm; and 20-25% by weight of a resin having a water-based acrylic component.

Abstract: Multi-zone IR solar cell processing furnaces using a single, full-width conveyor belt; selected zones are divided into multiple lanes by upper or/and lower longitudinal divider walls, and heated by high intensity radiation IR lamps backed by a flat plate of ultra-high reflectance ceramic material. Lamp numbers and spacing in each zone/lane can be varied. Power to each lamp, or zone/lane lamp array, both upper and lower, is individually and independently controlled to provide infinite number of temperature profiles in each heating zone/lane. In multi-lane zones the IR lamps are folded, the inner ends being supported by the lane dividers. Lamp external power leads are both accessible from one side of the furnace. The lamp internal filaments include non-radiant and radiant sections arranged so that a pair of radiant sections are aligned in the lamp-folded configuration and disposed over the full width of the solar cell wafers.

Abstract: A connection method connects an optical connector and an optical transmission element. The optical connector includes a connector housing, a stop-ring structure, and an optical fiber which protrudes from an end part of the stop-ring structure. The optical transmission element includes a tensile-strength fiber body. The connection method includes fuse-connecting a first end of the optical fiber with a second end of an optical fiber protruding from a transmission element terminal part of the optical transmission element; inserting a fuse-connected optical fiber part and the tensile strength fiber body inside a reinforcing sleeve provided with a hot melt body, and covering and bridging the transmission element terminal part and at least the end part of the stop-ring structure; and integrating the fuse-connected optical fiber part, the tensile strength fiber body, the transmission element terminal part, and the stop-ring structure, by a hot melt resin melted from the hot melt body.

Abstract: A heating module for dye sublimation printing on an article comprises a first heating plate, an infrared heating source, and a metal shield. The infrared heating source is disposed under the first heating plate and emits a radiation. The metal shield can prevent the radiation, emitted by the infrared heating source, from projecting directly on the article. The first heating plate preheats a retransfer sheet to be softened and then molded on the article. Consequently, the infrared heating source heats the retransfer sheet for sublimation dye transfer on the article.

Abstract: Electrical mats for generating heat, light or IR radiation which may be cut, drilled or trimmed and maintain their function. The mat is made of at least two sets of non-parallel electrodes of different polarities wherein electrodes of same polarities are connected to each other, but isolated from electrodes of different polarities; and a plurality of electrical elements connected to the electrode of different polarity and generating heat, radiation or light. The mats may be in the form of tiles, strips or tubes and may be used to tile 2D or 3D structures. The mats may also include cover layer or thermal isolation. Mats may be formed by deposition on a substrate or woven as fabric.

Abstract: A temperature radiator, which comprises an emission surface emitting a thermal radiation, is provided with a radiation converter to which a laser beam is irradiated. The radiation converter comprises a micro-structured receiving surface and a micro-structured emission surface. These two surfaces are surrounded by a smooth boundary. The laser radiation is absorbed at the receiving surface and converted into thermal radiation which is emitted in a uniformly distributed manner at the emission surface.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus for a beverage brewing device. Water is heated to brew temperature without boiling or localized boiling, thereby minimizing the precipitating of scale. The heating elements each have a low watt density, thereby increasing safety. Multiple heating zones allow the use of a plurality of power relays, lowering the power per relay and thus improving the reliability of the relays. The heating elements cannot overheat due to a failure resulting in a lack of water in the apparatus since the temperature sensors are mounted directly on each heating element, allowing direct measurement and control of each heating element. Precise control of water temperature in the apparatus is provided by varying both the water flow rate through the heating apparatus, and by varying heating element temperatures.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooking food with infrared radiation includes an infrared energy emitter for emitting the infrared radiation, and a grid in close proximity to the infrared energy emitter. A first side of the grid can be for supporting the food at a position so that at least some of the infrared radiation will cook the food. A second side of the grid can be sufficiently close to the emitting side of the emitter for substantially restricting any airflow in any space between the second side of the grid and the emitting side of the emitter. Partitions of the grid can operatively segregate the emitting side of the emitter into segments, which can provide a substantially uniform distribution of infrared radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for toasting a barrel, in particular, toasting the inside surface of an oak wine barrel. The invention is intended for use in a mobile wine barrel reconditioning system, however, may equally well be used in the manufacture of new barrels. The toasting apparatus includes a plurality of radially disposed infrared heating elements configured to be insertable and removable from inside said barrel, and a means of rotatably oscillating said heating means by a predetermined angle to facilitate uniform heating of said inside surface.

Abstract: An infrared LED apparatus and surface heater for heating complex surfaces that need to transmit light is disclosed. The infrared LED heater includes an infrared LED light source comprising a number of LEDs, which can be utilized to elevate the surface temperature of a lens utilizing less energy. The lens can be filled with an IR opaque and visible light transparent filler to elevate the lens surface temperature utilizing less energy. The filler is durable and opaque to infrared wavelengths and is transparent in the visible wavelengths. The infrared LED heaters can be utilized to heat complex surfaces that transmit light while consuming less energy than conventional resistive heaters.

Abstract: A radiant panel which can be used for heating or cooling and in floors, walls and ceilings, has a honeycomb layer of vertical metal webs or fins and rigid upper and lower cover boards rigidly adhered to upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer. The upper cover board has router-cut channel there through, the channel having a width and being elongated in the shape of a selected pattern for at least one heat transfer tube that extends along the channel in the selected pattern. The tube is pressed into the honeycomb layer past the upper surface of the honeycomb layer for at least partly crushing the metal webs or fins of honeycomb layer in the areas of the channel for establishing a heat transfer engagement between the tube and the honeycomb layer. Dragon Board Brand construction board is preferred as the cover boards, the honeycomb layer as preferably aluminum and a heat reflecting layer is preferably adhered to the lower surface of the lower cover board.

Abstract: The electric radiator (1) comprises a plate (2) associated with at least one electrical resistance unit (3). The electrical resistance unit (3) is of flat shape and is associated with a first face (5) of said plate (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides an infrared ray lamp being small in size and high in efficiency and having high versatility so at to be easily adaptable to various applications, and also provides a heating apparatus that uses the infrared ray lamp; in the infrared ray lamp according to the present invention, plural heating elements made of a carbonaceous substance having high emissivity and large radiation energy are disposed accurately at desired positions and desired angles, and sealed inside a glass tube; a heating apparatus is configured by using this infrared ray lamp as a heat source.

Abstract: The performance of a thermal insulation for a building surface 6, subject to a thermal gradient emitting from the building interior, is enhanced by a neutral thermal gradient. For this purpose an electrical heating element 1 is adapted to release very low Wattages of thermal energy and is contained within an inner layer 4 and an outer layer 5 of thermal insulation. Adjusting the thermal efficiency of the insulation layers controls the magnitude of the thermal energy required to maintain the temperature of the element 1 at the equivalent temperature level to the building interior. The element 1 may be provided with a moisture controller and discharge sizeable quantities of thermal energy to dry moisture from the thermal insulation materials of the assembly.

Abstract: An article comprising a graphite part coated with a pyrolytic graphite (pG) for increased mechanical strength of at least 25% over an uncoated graphite part. In connector applications for use in a semiconductor processing assembly such as a heater, the pG coated component is overcoated with at least a protective layer of an electrically insulating material, and wherein part of the pG coated graphite part is exposed (uncoated with the protective layer) for providing electrical connections to the assembly.

Abstract: An electric radiator comprising at least one laminar element, at least one electrified flexible sheet being fixed on the face of said element that is not exposed once installed, the sheet being electrically connectable to an electric power source. Elements for fixing to a supporting structure are associated with the at least one laminar element.

Abstract: There is disclosed a conductor having a conductive element and a covering surrounding at least a portion of the conductive element. Preferably, the covering has an inner portion and an outer portion formed of different materials such that the melting point of the inner portion is higher than the melting point of the outer portion. The conductor is particularly useful for forming heaters, which may be integrated into a seat of an automotive vehicle.

Abstract: A surface heating system comprising a sealed enclosure formed by connected top, bottom and side walls, at least one of the walls being in heat exchange relationship with a surface to be heated, a heat source connected in heat exchange relationship with the enclosure, at least one heat absorbing body located within the enclosure, and a heat conducting fluid filling the enclosure and surrounding the at least one heat absorbing body, the heat conducting fluid transferring heat from the heat source to the top wall and to the at least one heat absorbing body, the at least one heat absorbing body using at least part of the heat received from the heat conducting fluid to store energy such as to be able to release the energy over an extended period of time in the form of heat transferred to the top wall through the heat conducting fluid.

Abstract: A humidifier apparatus for operating at an air pressure is disclosed for use with a respiratory therapy breathing apparatus that provides a breathable gas supply to patients requiring higher concentrations of liquid vapor and gas pressure. The humidifier apparatus includes a feed liquid supply bag in fluid communication with a humidifier cartridge via a conduit. The conduit enables air to flow therethrough to equalize air pressure between the humidifier cartridge and the feed liquid supply bag in response to liquid being supplied to the humidifier cartridge.

Abstract: A textile heating device having a plurality of electrically conductive heating strands in contact with each other at a plurality of points of contact by way of respective contact surfaces is provided. The electrically conductive textile includes at least two strands which are fixed relative to each other at at least one point of contact such that a contact area at the fixed at least one point of contact between the contact surfaces remains essentially constant during mechanical action of the textile.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrically conductive and heating wire containing fabric. The fabric is made of metal yarn and natural fiber. After a yarn covering process (covering metal yarn with short staple yarn), a circular loom is used to weave circular hollow heating wire containing fabric in the desired dimensions (0.1 cm˜5 cm). After that, the heating wire containing fabric is pressed into flat shape. Then, the fabric is covered with natural long fiber or short staple, such as wool and rabbit fur. The wire containing fabric will be made into different types of products according to user demand (like rehabilitation equipment or insulating clothes). Thus, convenience is provided for use of the product and wide range of applications can be found for the present invention.

Abstract: A heated bridge deck (20) uses electrodes (24, 26) embedded within conductive concrete and connected to a power source to remove snow and ice accumulation. A cement-based mixture containing optimal amounts of conductive materials is molded into pre-formed slabs (22) placed atop the paved surface of a bridge deck. Alternatively, the conductive concrete may be cast in place on top of an existing bridge deck. A control unit with temperature and moisture sensors may be coupled to the heated bridge deck.

Abstract: Membrane (20) with a metal core (21) for waterproofing and generally protecting structures (80) for housing and infrastructures, consisting of only one or of several components, presenting very high electrical conductivity, entire lengths or parts thereof, thickness and width being constant to obtain, on closure in an electric circuit (92, 93, 97, 98) of all or part of said core (21), transformation of electric energy into thermal energy therefore adding, by an association of thermal and mechanical effects, the advantages of generation of heat to those of protection and waterproofing.

Abstract: A heating mat electrically connectable to a power source provided with a conductive prong connected to an electrical polarity defines a mat peripheral edge. The heating mat includes a conductor mounted therein and extending towards a connecting section located adjacent the mat peripheral edge. A resistive element electrically coupled to the conductor transforms the electrical energy into thermal energy. A connecting recess extends into the heating mat adjacent the connecting section and defines a prong receiving section to receive the conductive prong so that when the conductive prong is inserted into the prong receiving section the conductive prong is electrically coupled to the conductor. The prong receiving section defines a prong section base wall.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: A device for floor heating comprising a bendable, electrically conductive, thermoplastic mat (1), adapted for division into lengths and mounting of these lengths side by side underneath a floor. The device is provided with at least two electrodes (4) arranged along each side edge (3) of the mat (1) each, to which electrodes (4) a current is connectable. The current is conducted through the device, which heats up and emits heat. The mat (1) comprises a material composition whose volume resistivity increases with the increase of the temperature of the material composition. The electrodes (4) are threadlike and the material composition comprises a semicrystalline polymer, whose crystalline melting point exceeds the normal working temperature of the device but are below 99° C. and whose softening temperature (Vicat) is in the range of 45-70° C., and an electrically conductive filler material.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heater 6 which includes a first heating conductor pattern 1, a second heating conductor patterns 2 and an elongated plate-shaped member 3 made of heat-resistive and insulated material. The first heating conductor pattern 1 is disposed in the central portion in a longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped member 3. The second heating conductor patterns are disposed in both end portions of the plate-shaped member in the longitudinal direction. The first heating conductor pattern 1 and the second heating conductor patterns 2 are independently controlled their temperature. Current is first fed to the first heating conductor pattern 1, and the current feeding is stopped, and current is then fed to the second heating conductor patterns 2. Accordingly, the protective member placed on and along the heater 6 is gradually heated from the center to both ends.

Abstract: Equipment (60) for the surface emission of infrared radiation, comprising a thermally insulated wall (62) forming a tunnel (63), and a number of unitary surface emission devices (1) each arranged with respect to and in the thermally insulated wall (62), characterized in that, in combination: each unitary surface emission device (1) comprises a box (21) arranged in the thermally insulated wall (62) and in which there is formed an opening (22) facing the downstream face (30) of the catalytic combustion wall (3); a number of transparent ceramic window panes (23) are mounted in such a way as to form, with the various seats of catalytic combustion (2), a respective number of circuits (24) for discharging the flue gases (25); the thermally insulated wall (62) comprises a secondary surface emission metal sheet (64) in a direct heat-exchange relationship with the tunnel (63) and forming with the remainder of the wall (62) a channel (65) for the flat circulation of burnt gases (25).

Abstract: High energy flux infrared heaters are used to treat an object having a surface section and a base section such that a desired characteristic of the surface section is physically, chemically, or phasically changed while the base section remains unchanged.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heater 6 which includes a first heating conductor pattern 1, a second heating conductor patterns 2 and an elongated plate-shaped member 3 made of heat-resistive and insulated material. The first heating conductor pattern 1 is disposed in the central portion in a longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped member 3. The second heating conductor patterns are disposed in both end portions of the plate-shaped member in the longitudinal direction. The first heating conductor pattern 1 and the second heating conductor patterns 2 are independently controlled their temperature. Current is first fed to the first heating conductor pattern 1, and the current feeding is stopped, and current is then fed to the second heating conductor patterns 2. Accordingly, the protective member placed on and along the heater 6 is gradually heated from the center to both ends.

Abstract: The Electrical Heater Lid is a cover-type food cooking and warming apparatus that provides surface cooking by evenly passing intense heat over the food being cooked in a pot, pan, or skillet. Many foods require surface heat to eliminate flipping the food over in the utensil. Such foods are cooked better and more quickly if both sides of the food can be cooked simultaneously, and the invention is directed toward such foodstuff. The apparatus fits on and covers the top of various sizes of pots, pans, or skillets for broiling, cooking, heating, sealing the surface of food products, and helping steaming process of steamed rice.

Abstract: A heater preferably having a plurality of equally spaced heating elements, such as heating lamps, provides a uniform heat radiation pattern for quickly and uniformly heating a large surface area using motor controlled wheels for translating the heater at a constant rate of speed across the surface of a structure in a desired pattern. The heater having a handle for operator manipulation for guiding and turning the heater in the desired pattern. The heater, having a wide lateral distance for radiating a wide uniform radiation pattern is suitable for thermographic application for imaging the heated surface and detecting subsurface defects in the structure, such as composite overwrapped concrete bridge and building structures subject where debonding of the composite/concrete interface is a concern.

Abstract: A heating element assembly and a method of manufacturing heating assemblies. The heating assembly may be used for heating food products, including polypropylene bags containing cheese sauce or hot fudge, for example. The preferred heating assembly is configured to fit precisely around a standard cheese sauce bag, thus optimizing heat transfer between the heating assembly and the food product. The varied surface watt density of the heating assembly allows for accurate heat placement such that the food product can be efficiently and evenly warmed. A preferred embodiment of the heating element assembly includes two resistance heating elements. The first heating element is a temperature booster, while the second heating element is a maintenance heater to maintain heated food at a serving temperature.

Abstract: A heating element assembly and a method of manufacturing heating assemblies. The heating assembly may be used for heating food products, including polypropylene bags containing cheese sauce or hot fudge, for example. The preferred heating assembly is configured to fit precisely around a standard cheese sauce bag, thus optimizing heat transfer between the heating assembly and the food product. The varied surface watt density of the heating assembly allows for accurate heat placement such that the food product can be efficiently and evenly warmed. A preferred embodiment of the heating element assembly includes two resistance heating elements. The first heating element is a temperature booster, while the second heating element is a maintenance heater to maintain heated food at a serving temperature.

Abstract: A heated platform is formed by one or more elongated boards or planks, each having an elongated lower surface with a pair of spaced-apart longitudinally extending channels defined therein. An elongated heat conducting metal beam is operatively mounted in heat conducting relation in each channel. The beam defines a central, wide, inner channel opening in one direction and a pair of narrower side cable channels one on each side of the central channel and opening in a direction opposite to the direction of opening of the inner channel. An electric heating cable is operatively mounted in heat conducting relation in the beam cable channels for supplying heat to the beam for transfer to the board or plank. The heated planks or boards are useful particularly for forming decks and seating for hot tubs, as well as for walkways and stairs.

Abstract: A panel heater for animals of generally rectangular slab-like shape. The panel heater has sloping sides to accommodate animals and comprises basically a shell into which a fire retardant material is poured around electrical resistance wire. Anchorage is provided to ensure that there is adequate keying between the fire retardant material and the shell to prevent degradation during use. Various support devices are provided for the heating element which is formed from an electrical resistance wire. A two-stage pouring of the fire retardant material is used to prevent the possibility of accidents by keeping the electrical resistance wire away from the outer surface.

Abstract: A heating plate for a food warmer is disclosed. The heating plate has a surface for supporting an article to be heated and a plurality of heating clusters attached to the surface. Each heating cluster has a thermostat and a plurality of heating elements spaced around the thermostat. Each heating element is operably controlled by the thermostat.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for warming a typist's hands to provide relief from arthritis, muscle fatigue, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and general discomfort. A radiative hand warming apparatus is disclosed, including a source of hand-warming radiation, and a holder for supporting the radiation source in proximity to a keyboard or other manual operation device, such that the user's hands can be warmed by radiant energy during typing. In one embodiment, the source of hand-warming radiation emits radiation having an intensity of about 10 to about 750 milliwatts/square centimeter as measured at the typist's hands. The radiation source can be, for example, an infrared (IR) radiation source. Such an infrared radiation source preferably emits IR radiation in at least a portion of the spectrum from about 1 to about 30 micrometers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for warming a typist's hands to provide relief from arthritis, muscle fatigue, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and general discomfort. A radiative hand warming apparatus includes, including a source of hand-warming radiation, and a holder for supporting the radiation source in proximity to a keyboard or other manual operation device, such that the user's hands can be warmed by radiant energy during typing. In one embodiment, the source of hand-warming radiation emits radiation having an intensity of about 10 to about 150 milliwatts/square centimeter as measured at the typist's hands. The radiation source can be, for example, an infrared (IR) radiation source. Such an infrared radiation source preferably emits IR radiation in at least a portion of the spectrum from about 1 to about 30 micrometers.

Abstract: A panel heater comprising, on an upper surface of a metallic sheet (2) provided with PTC ceramics (1) on the back side thereof, a highly insulating material or an open space (4) at the portion corresponding to the back side portion to which the PTC ceramics are provided, with a material (3) for conducting heat from the metallic sheet being thus provided to the rest of the surface side of said metallic sheet, and a finishing sheet (5) being established on the upper surface of the whole structure. More preferably, the metallic sheet (2) is provided with equally spaced concave grooves with PTC ceramics (1) on the back plane of said grooves and a highly insulating material or an open space (4) inside said grooves, and a finishing sheet (5) established thereon. Accordingly, a simply structured panel heater resistant to heavy loads yet free from local overheating is provided.

Abstract: A device for removing layers of paint from a surface including layers of paint which may comprise a base layer of oil paint. The paint is softened by radiation by means of at least one heating source. Immediately thereafter, the paint is removed mechanically from the surface. The apparatus comprises a carrier which may retain one or more sources of infrared radiation, a device for guided travel of the carrier in the horizontal plane along the painted surface and a device for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the painted surface.

Abstract: A de-labeler made with easily available structural elements which cooperate to remove a normally non-removable label from a labeled surface of a casing for magnetic media, film, and the like, without using a solvent of any kind. The labeled surface is heated just enough to cause desired viscous deformation of a thin layer of adhesive, or a sufficient decrease of viscosity to loosen the label and enable it to be manually removed, preferably by adhesive failure of the thin adhesive layer. A typical pressure sensitive adhesive ("PSA") is heated to a temperature in the range from 32.degree. C.-65.degree. C., for an interval of time in the range from 5 to 30 seconds, in inverse relationship to the temperature at which the labeled surface is heated. The label is manually peeled away from the surface with a force in the range from 0.5 lb-force to about 10 lb-force, without distorting or otherwise damaging either the casing or the magnetic recording medium encased therein.