Abstract: In a ceramic heater, a central-zone heating resistor and an outer-peripheral-zone heating resistor are embedded in a disc-like ceramic base having a wafer-mounting surface on one side. The central-zone heating resistor is a wire extending in a single continuous line from one of a pair of terminals to the other. The pair of terminals as a whole form a circular shape in plan view.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus includes: process container to generate vacuum atmosphere; mounting part to mount substrate; heating part to heat the substrate mounted on the mounting part; gas supply part installed at rear side of the substrate mounted on the mounting part and configured to supply film forming gas toward front side of the substrate along surface of the substrate and flow rate of the film forming gas becomes uniform in width direction of flow of the film forming gas; rotation mechanism to rotate the mounting part about axis orthogonal to the substrate when the film forming gas is supplied to the substrate; film thickness adjustment part to adjust film thickness distribution of film on the substrate in flow direction of the film forming gas when viewed in state where the mounting part is stopped; and exhaust port provided at the front side of the substrate.

Abstract: A rechargeable backup electric heating system includes a rechargeable portable electric heater, multiple rechargeable battery packs, a rapid recharging circuit, and one or more high capacity storage batteries, from which the battery packs are recharged. The rechargeable portable electric heater has a design power output of P watts, which is determined by the BTU/hr of heat output required to maintain a target temperature in living space under prevailing outdoor temperature conditions. There are n sets of rechargeable battery packs, each having a weight of B kg. At any given time, one of the battery packs is within or attached to the heater and serving as its source of electric power, and (n?1) battery packs are being recharged by the storage battery through the recharging circuit.

Abstract: A high emissivity coating applied to a sauna heating element and a method for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating is described. In one illustrative embodiment, a sauna heating element comprises a substrate, and a film coating applied to the substrate, the film coating applied as a first liquid layer and a second powder layer. In another illustrative embodiment, a process is provided for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steam head of a cleaner. The present invention includes a steam head including: a body defining an exterior, and a steam generating device provided on the body to generate steam through heating water supplied through a heater, the heater including a radiator of a ceramic material, and a plurality of insulation layers for insulating the radiator, wherein the plurality of insulation layers is formed of one of or a combination of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), a slurry-phase insulator, and an insulation film. Thus, through the present invention, a heater's heat radiating performance is improved to facilitate generation of steam.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine.

Abstract: A hot runner nozzle heater system is provided with a layered heater in communication with a two-wire controller, wherein a resistive layer of the layered heater is both a heater element and a temperature sensor. The two-wire controller thus determines temperature of the layered heater using the resistance of the resistive layer and controls heater temperature through a power source.

Abstract: An infrared radiating panel includes a wall made from ceramic fiber material. An electric heating element is adapted for connection to an electric current source for heating the element to a high temperature at which it will emit infrared radiation is fastened to the wall with the aid of staples. The heating element is mounted in spaced relationship with the surface of the wall and is retained between pairs of ceramic rods that engage opposite faces of the heating element.

Abstract: A heating element comprises a ceramic body having a helical heating wire embedded therein. A short quartz tube closely surrounds the hearing wirs along part of its length, and a thermocouple has its junction embedded in the body substantially in direct contact with the outside of the tube.

Abstract: A heating device has a plurality of strip heating portions separated by a plurality of slits. The strip heating portions are connected to one another by connecting portions, thereby forming a heating surface in which a zigzag current path extends. The connecting portions in which uneven-temperature regions exist are bent so as not to be positioned in the same plane as the heating surface, thereby making the heating surface, to be opposed to an object to be heated, to have a uniform temperature.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in a ceramic heater which is an integral body comprising a flat substrate plate made from an electrically insulating ceramic material, e.g., fused silica glass, and a layer of an electroconductive material formed on one surface of the substrate plate in a pattern of an electric heater element. One of the surfaces of the insulating substrate plate, on which the heater layer is formed, is subjected to a surface roughening treatment, e.g., by sand blasting, prior to the formation of the heater layer so as to be imparted with a specified surface roughness so that the heat generated in the heater layer and transmitted to the other surface as infrared rays is irregularly scattered .

Abstract: A large-area, thin film, resistance heating element (21, 46, 81) including a relatively rigid substrate (22, 63, 82), which will retain its mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, an electrically conductive film (26, 64, 84) deposited on the substrate (21, 46, 81), and electrical terminals (31, 66, 86) provided on the film (26, 64, 84). A metallic substrate (22, 63), such as a steel sheet, having an electrically insulating ceramic-based layer (23, 62, 83) thereon may be employed, or alternatively, a micanite plate or sheet (61) can be used. The substrate and film have an area which is sufficiently large that the heater can operate at maximum temperatures above 100.degree. F. with a power density less than about 15 watts per square inch.

Abstract: A modular type heating unit or assembly having particular utility for use in a high temperature electric furnace, preferably in a group arrangement, comprises an insulating fibrous refractory block, a pair of spaced apart support rods, inner and outer support tubes and a heating element. Both the heating element and the support rods are formed of alloys to enable operation at relatively high temperatures. By utilizing this concept of modular element/insulation units, furnaces can be operated at relatively higher temperatures than is currently possible for exposed electrical element type furnaces.

Abstract: A vacuum-molded electrical radiant heating unit having a resistance heating coil embedded in a ceramic fiber body is prepared by a process in which a resistance heating coil (5) is placed on a sieve-like tray (1), above a suction box, and a slip is applied thereto composed of ceramic fibres, so that a ceramic fibre layer (4) builds up under the action of suction. Portions of the sieve-tray (1) are closed, in regions beneath the resistance heating coil (5) by means of spacing strips (11). These strips, which cover some of the perforations in the sieve-tray (1), are placed beneath the resistance-heating coil (5), in a manner such that the impervious regions of the sieve tray (1) are narrower than the width dimensions of the heating coil (5).

Abstract: A radiant heating panel is formed using a foam insulation core surrounded by a reinforcing mesh and having a pair of wiring harness fixtures snapped over each end of the reinforced core. A radiant heating wire is strung back and fourth between the fixtures to provide a radiant heating element and the core structure, including the radiant heating element, is then wrapped in a paper wrapper which is secured to the core through the reinforcing layer on the side of the core opposite the heating element. A cementicious thermal insulating layer is applied to encase the heating element and the paper wrapper is wrapped into overlying relationship with the cementicious layer to substantially completely enclose the core.