Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a solar cell panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, a step of forming an electrode comprises the steps of: forming a main electrode part on a conductive region; and forming a connection electrode part on the main electrode part by using a paste comprising metal particles having a first metal, a solder material having a second metal different from the first metal, and an adhesive material.

Abstract: An apparatus for clearing snow and ice is disclosed. The apparatus is provided at a windowpane or a side mirror or a windshield of a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer or the second layer is removably coupled to the windowpane or the side mirror or the windshield. The apparatus comprises a heating element provided in between the first layer and the second layer. The apparatus further comprises a plug coupled to the heating element via a cable. Further, the plug is coupled to a receptacle provided at a dashboard of the vehicle. The plug inserted in the receptacle to introduce electricity into the heating element to increase the temperature of the heating element to clear the snow or ice formed on the windowpane or the side mirror or the windshield.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a lighting and ventilating system including a main housing. The main housing can include an inlet through which air can be received within the main housing and an outlet through which the air can exit the main housing. A fan wheel can be supported in the main housing and it can be operable to generate a flow of air. A grille can be coupled to the main housing and the grille can comprise at least one aperture. The system can include a plate coupled to the grille and the plate can include a recess. Also, a set of illumination devices can be at least partially disposed within the recess.

Abstract: The illuminated heated driveway is an overlay panel that covers and heats a covered area exemplified by, but not limited to, a driveway or a sidewalk. Multiple overlay panels may be conjoined to cover an area larger than a single overlay panel. The overlay panels are powered by a power assembly that couples to a connector on one of the overlay panels. Additional connectors may electrically couple adjacent overlay panels. Within each overlay panel, a heating element and a lighting system is electrically connected to the power connectors. The heating element may melt wintry weather that accumulates on the panel and the lighting system may cause the panel to glow for improved visibility. The power assembly may comprise a time to turn the panel on and off throughout the day.

Abstract: A cooker and a controlling method for the same are provided. A carbon heater has a wavelength bandwidth of 1.5˜2.5 ?m where a radiant energy is maximum, and the carbon heater provides the radiant energy into a cavity in order to heat food disposed therein.

Abstract: A heating system which may include a bonding membrane having a water permeable lamina, an electrically conductive ink-based radiant heater, and a first adhesive adapted to adhere to both the conductive ink-based radiant heater and the bonding membrane. The heating system may be incorporated in a floor including a substrate, the heating system and a decorative floor surface. The heating system may also be in the form of a multilayer panel having a bonding membrane, an electrically conductive ink-based heater including a plurality of electrically resistive strips printed on a first polymer sheet connected by electrically conductive buses, and electrical conductors extending from the buses to at least an edge of the panel.

Abstract: An infrared, room heater system for installation in a wall or on a floor. An electric fan assembly draws room air into a housing, then through three parallel, air transit channels where the air is heated by infrared radiation within and about a heat exchanger assembly, and then back out into the room. One or more ceramic heating elements attached to a first copper plate emit infrared radiation when electrically energized. The first copper plate lies adjacent to, but spaced away from, a second copper plate such that radiation emitted from the heating elements reflects back and forth between the plates. Room air passed between the copper plates is heated by heat radiation concentrated between the plates, thereby achieving both energy and space efficiency.

Abstract: A heating module for dye sublimation printing on an article comprises a first heating plate, an infrared heating source, and a metal shield. The infrared heating source is disposed under the first heating plate and emits a radiation. The metal shield can prevent the radiation, emitted by the infrared heating source, from projecting directly on the article. The first heating plate preheats a retransfer sheet to be softened and then molded on the article. Consequently, the infrared heating source heats the retransfer sheet for sublimation dye transfer on the article.

Abstract: There is described a heating panel comprising: a heat conductive plate having a first surface that is grooveless and planar and an opposite surface thereof; a self-regulating heating cable residing on the first surface; and an insulating layer covering the self-regulating cable and the first surface to direct the heat towards the opposite surface.

Abstract: Heating system comprising an electric heater with a laminar structure formed by an extractable plate provided with an electricity conductive layer and a radiant heat-emitting layer that emits radiant heat when an electric heat source is applied by way of an electric circuit of multiple conductor cables within the heating layer, being provided with means for regulating the intensity of the radiant heat emitted and means for rapid installation/extraction, in such a way that the radiant heat-emitting layer can be maintained at a temperature of 80-110° C. with an energy density of 750-800 w/m2. Thus, a highly-efficient heating system based on infrared radiation is obtained, allowing an energy saving that can reach 30%, and up to 50% in areas with large losses of air or in partially open spaces, therefore an economic saving.

Abstract: There is described a heating panel comprising: a heat conductive plate having a first surface that is grooveless and planar and an opposite surface thereof; a self-regulating heating cable residing on the first surface; and an insulating layer covering the self-regulating cable and the first surface to direct the heat towards the opposite surface.

Abstract: A decorative trim heating device includes a heater and a decorative cover. The cover further includes a wall-side surface and a front-side surface, the wall-side surface defining a channel within which the heater is disposed and the front side surface defining a decorative pattern. The decorative trim heater also includes fasteners to secure the heater to the cover and fasteners to secure the heater and the cover to a surface in a room.

Abstract: The performance of a thermal insulation for a building surface 6, subject to a thermal gradient emitting from the building interior, is enhanced by a neutral thermal gradient. For this purpose an electrical heating element 1 is adapted to release very low Wattages of thermal energy and is contained within an inner layer 4 and an outer layer 5 of thermal insulation. Adjusting the thermal efficiency of the insulation layers controls the magnitude of the thermal energy required to maintain the temperature of the element 1 at the equivalent temperature level to the building interior. The element 1 may be provided with a moisture controller and discharge sizeable quantities of thermal energy to dry moisture from the thermal insulation materials of the assembly.

Abstract: A specially designed rotation speed controller for fans, in addition to basic components like variable resistor, the controller has also been equipped with special components such as TRIAC, micro limit switch, and glass tube fuse, which allows said controller to precisely control the on/off status and the rotation speed of the fan, and the controller also provides power-off protection against power overload.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product, which may take a wide variety of forms but which is exemplified by a pipe or a panel. The product has a first function, such as that normally expected of a pipe or a panel, and a second function different from the first. The second function is chosen from a group consisting of: delivery of energy, for a first purpose, delivery of energy for a second purpose, delivery of data for a first purpose, delivery of data for a second purpose, switching. The product has incorporated in its means capable of enabling the product to be used as medium to perform the second function. The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing the products.

Abstract: An electric radiator comprising at least one laminar element, at least one electrified flexible sheet being fixed on the face of said element that is not exposed once installed, the sheet being electrically connectable to an electric power source. Elements for fixing to a supporting structure are associated with the at least one laminar element.

Abstract: A portable compact sauna wherein a user's body is warmed to sweating primarily by direct absorption of infrared radiation. Broad infrared radiation emitters or sources are placed around the inside of a narrow cabinet so as to be in close proximity to various parts of a seated user. Fins spaced apart less than finger-width on the emitters protect the user from contact with elevated temperatures in the emitters. The emitters, which lend themselves to easy cleaning, are heated by electric infrared heaters having a unique design which eliminates extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (ELF) normally generated by AC energized electrical heater elements, to provide low extremely-low frequency EMF saunas able to utilize conventional-commercial electrical-energy sources. The emitters protect the heaters. Power wires for the heaters are arranged for low ELF EMF emission, too.

Abstract: A heater including an electrically insulative panel having a decorative image on a first side and a resistive heating layer on the second side. The resistive heating layer is preferably a graphite containing sol gel material. The invention can also include a surface or support for supporting an article such as a towel or piece of clothing adjacent to the heated surface to heat and/or dry the article.

Abstract: An electric heating device includes a flexible resistor ribbon of alloy with high specific impedance, disposed in fiberglass or plastics net, forming insert, which is .

Abstract: A snow-melting apparatus prevents ice dams on an outside surface of a roof of a building. An outer edge section of the roof extends over and beyond an outside wall of the building in an outward direction. A heat conduction device includes a substantially planar body portion formed of a substantially thermally conductive material and having a first side and a second side. The second side is opposite the first side. The first side has a coating with a high emissivity. The first side transfers heat to an inside surface of at least the outer edge section of the roof. A heat source is attached to the body portion of the heat conduction device.

Abstract: An electric heater for ceilings which emits radiant heat includes a radiant plate having heating elements which radiate in a downward direction. The radiant plate is mounted to a top part by a number of elastic/flexible brackets, including pivotable and non-pivotable brackets. The brackets allow the radiant plate to move laterally outward in a horizontal plane when the radiant plate is heated to prevent twisting or other deformation of the radiant plate. The pivotable brackets are mounted near the ends of the heater on all four sides to accommodate expansion of the radiant plate in a horizontal plane. The non-pivotable brackets are mounted at the midpoints of the ends of the heater.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a soldering process comprising the steps of: providing in a furnace first and second heaters each adapted to emit infrared energy; setting a printed circuit boad, which has a solder paste and an electronic component thereon, in the furnace; heating the printed circuit boad with the first heater; and heating the electronic component with the second heater; wherein the first and second heaters have different radiation spectra such that infrared energy irradiated by the first heater is more absorbed by the printed circuit board and less absorbed by the electronic component than that irradiated by the second heater. The present invention also provides a soldering apparatus for use in such soldering process.

Abstract: A heating chamber for maintaining processed foods warm for extended periods while not sacrificing food quality or causing a secular change in the chamber's insulating member.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a soldering process comprising the steps of: providing in a furnace first and second heaters each adapted to emit infrared energy; setting a printed circuit board, which has a solder paste and an electronic component thereon, in the furnace; heating the printed circuit board with the first heater; and heating the electronic component with the second heater;wherein the first and second heaters have different radiation spectra such that infrared energy irradiated by the first heater is more absorbed by the printed circuit board and less absorbed by the electronic component than that irradiated by the second heater. The present invention also provides a soldering apparatus for use in such soldering process.

Abstract: An ice dam melting system includes a heat cell which is placed on a roof and which includes an upper panel, a lower panel which is spaced apart from the upper panel, and a conduit which extends in the space between the upper and lower panels. A heat generating mechanism is disposed in the conduit to provide heat to the heat cell.

Abstract: An electric heating assembly adapted to be mounted onto and plugged into a wall-mounted electrical outlet includes a heating unit having a plug member an a back wall, thereof which is directly mateable with a power receptacle of the electrical outlet. The heating assembly also includes a mounting clip for securely coupling the heating unit to the electrical outlet so that the heating unit will not become inadvertently disengaged therefrom. The mounting clip includes a generally rectangular base portion securable to the outlet plate of the electrical outlet with the screw used to mount the outlet plate. The mounting clip also includes a pair of legs which extend away from the base portion and which mate with a pair of holes formed in the back wall of the heating unit above the plug member.

Abstract: A heating unit includes a frame and a substantially flat radiant heating surface supported by the frame. A generally parabolic trough with a reflective inner surface is mounted along one edge of the periphery of the heating surface, and contains an elongate heating element. Further, a reflective flap is hingedly mounted adjacent the trough but remote from the heating surface, disposed so that at least a portion of the radiant energy reflected out of the trough by the reflective inner surface is re-reflected by the flap, depending upon its angulation with respect to the heating surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for heating, by infrared radiation, fixed on a wall 3 or beneath the ceiling of a room of a building, comprising a flat infrared radiation emitter constituted by a sheet 5 made of an electrically conducting material connected to a source 15, 16 of supply of low-voltage electric current, characterized in that the electrically conducting sheet 5 forms part of at least one composite band 4 and it is coated, on its face turned towards the interior of the room to be heated, with a thin black layer, with high emissive power, and, on the opposite side, with a sheet 8 forming reflector of the infrared radiation in the direction of the interior of the room.

Abstract: A radiant heating panel is formed using a foam insulation core surrounded by a reinforcing mesh and having a pair of wiring harness fixtures snapped over each end of the reinforced core. A radiant heating wire is strung back and fourth between the fixtures to provide a radiant heating element and the core structure, including the radiant heating element, is then wrapped in a paper wrapper which is secured to the core through the reinforcing layer on the side of the core opposite the heating element. A cementicious thermal insulating layer is applied to encase the heating element and the paper wrapper is wrapped into overlying relationship with the cementicious layer to substantially completely enclose the core.