Abstract: A device for applying a film to a three-dimensional article includes an inflatable shape having at least one opening connected or connectable to a source of heated gas. The inflatable shape is configurable in a deflated configuration and in an inflated configuration when the heated gas is introduced into the inflatable shape through the opening. The inflatable shape is configured and sized to allow an article to be placed thereon, at least when the inflatable shape is in the deflated configuration. In the inflated configuration, the inflatable shape is configured for pressing against the article and for adhering, to the article, a film interposed between the inflatable shape and the article. The inflatable shape is impermeable to the heated gas and has a thermal transmittance greater than 600 W/m2K.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle radiation heater being configured to perform heating by directly emitting radiant heat toward a passenger at an early stage of starting of a vehicle in winter. The vehicle radiation heater according to the present invention can be simple in structure, thereby being easy to manufacture, can quickly emit high-temperature radiant heat over the entire area of the heater, thereby enhancing rapid and comforting heating effects, and can maintain a constant temperature, thereby preventing a risk of overheating.

Abstract: A heat exchanger unit that enables a quick interchanging of function, form and size of the different heat exchanger modules. The interchanging may be possible in regard to the sequence of the individual heat exchanger modules. The heat exchanger unit in includes inserts configured such that appropriately configured cassettes can be inserted, and an inner shape of the cassettes is configured so that different heat exchanger modules can be accommodated therein. The cassettes are thus designed specific to the heat exchanger, while the outer shape of all cassettes conforms to the shape of the uniformly configured inserts.

Abstract: Infrared heating panels are provided with an electrically insulative substrate that carries one or more infrared heating elements. Each heating element includes an elongated first segment attached to a first surface of the substrate and an elongated second segment electrically connected in series with the first segment. At least the first segment is a strip of an electrically resistive material adapted to emit infrared radiation in response to a current. The second segment is attached to the second surface of the substrate opposite from and in a parallel arrangement with the first segment such that a first current flowing through the heating element flows through the first segment in a first direction relative to the substrate and flows through the second segment in a second direction opposite the first direction. Saunas, heating systems, and methods for reducing electromagnetic emissions in an infrared sauna are also provided.

Abstract: An infrared, room heater system for installation in a wall or on a floor. An electric fan assembly draws room air into a housing, then through three parallel, air transit channels where the air is heated by infrared radiation within and about a heat exchanger assembly, and then back out into the room. One or more ceramic heating elements attached to a first copper plate emit infrared radiation when electrically energized. The first copper plate lies adjacent to, but spaced away from, a second copper plate such that radiation emitted from the heating elements reflects back and forth between the plates. Room air passed between the copper plates is heated by heat radiation concentrated between the plates, thereby achieving both energy and space efficiency.

Abstract: A heating module for dye sublimation printing on an article comprises a first heating plate, an infrared heating source, and a metal shield. The infrared heating source is disposed under the first heating plate and emits a radiation. The metal shield can prevent the radiation, emitted by the infrared heating source, from projecting directly on the article. The first heating plate preheats a retransfer sheet to be softened and then molded on the article. Consequently, the infrared heating source heats the retransfer sheet for sublimation dye transfer on the article.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus for a beverage brewing device. Water is heated to brew temperature without boiling or localized boiling, thereby minimizing the precipitating of scale. The heating elements each have a low watt density, thereby increasing safety. Multiple heating zones allow the use of a plurality of power relays, lowering the power per relay and thus improving the reliability of the relays. The heating elements cannot overheat due to a failure resulting in a lack of water in the apparatus since the temperature sensors are mounted directly on each heating element, allowing direct measurement and control of each heating element. Precise control of water temperature in the apparatus is provided by varying both the water flow rate through the heating apparatus, and by varying heating element temperatures.

Abstract: A system for fluid transport at elevated temperatures having a conduit having a fluid inlet end and a fluid outlet end and at least one heating element disposed within the conduit providing direct heating of a fluid flowing through the conduit. The system is particularly suited for preventing condensable constituents of a high temperature fluid from condensing out of the fluid prior to analysis of the fluid. In addition, operation of the system so as to prevent the condensable constituents from condensing out of the fluid surprisingly does not alter the composition of the fluid.

Abstract: A heat-transferring fin is attached to an electric cable or to a packaged double cable of an electric radiant heating system. The fins can be attached using twist clips. Each twist clip includes an upper gripping member, a lower gripping member connected to the upper member by an upright support member, and a handle portion looping downwardly from the lower gripping member to enable a user to hold the clip and to manually twist the clip to cause the upper and lower gripping members to rotate relative to the fin and cable such that the fin and cable are clipped together. This twist clip enables quick and easy attachment of fins to cables, which greatly reduces the time and effort required to install an electric radiant heating system. This technology can be used in electric radiant floor heating or electric radiant wall heating.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing snow and ice from a roof includes a plurality of heating panels fastened to a rooftop surface. Each heating panel is formed from water-impermeable material and includes top and bottom surfaces formed from heat-resistant material. A plurality of elongated thermal-conductive heating elements are sandwiched medially of the top and bottom surfaces. A control panel is electrically coupled to one of the heating panels and a power cord is electrically coupled to an external power supply source. The present invention further includes a mechanism for electrically coupling the heating panels to each other and a mechanism for removably attaching the heating panels to the roof. A thermal sensor is operably connected to the control panel and the heating panels for monitoring an operating temperature of the heating elements.

Abstract: A portable compact sauna wherein a user's body is warmed to sweating primarily by direct absorption of infrared radiation. Broad infrared radiation emitters or sources are placed around the inside of a narrow cabinet so as to be in close proximity to various parts of a seated user. Fins spaced apart less than finger-width on the emitters protect the user from contact with elevated temperatures in the emitters. The emitters, which lend themselves to easy cleaning, are heated by electric infrared heaters having a unique design which eliminates extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (ELF) normally generated by AC energized electrical heater elements, to provide low extremely-low frequency EMF saunas able to utilize conventional-commercial electrical-energy sources. The emitters protect the heaters. Power wires for the heaters are arranged for low ELF EMF emission, too.

Abstract: A device for heating plates of glass (3) which are hardened or deformed, includes two ceramic heating plates (1) between which a plate of glass (3) is arranged. Compensation plates (20) are associated with the heating plates (1) at a distance therefrom, in addition to heaters (6) which are arranged close thereto. The heaters (6) are accommodated in housings (11) which are defined on one side of the heating plates (1). Holes (8) are provided in the heating plates (1). Gas is fed through the holes into the housing between the heating plates (1) and the compensating plates (2). The gas is heated by flowing past the compensating plates (20) and forms gas cushions (7) on both sides of the plate of glass (3) which hold the plate. The plate of glass (3) is heated in a homogenous manner by radiation and convection.

Abstract: Panel (10) for heating by an electric resistance obtained from a serpentine (55) of highly conductive material formed of a thin continuous strip of constant width, having a high ratio between width and thickness, that generates radiant heat by means of electromagnetic waves, placed inside a flat metal chamber (96) given a hermetic seal by continuous welds (90-95) along all its joins, obtained from a basic rectangular tray-shaped structure (11) and from similarly tray-shaped closing structures (80, 81) placed side by side in the basic structure (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a heated underside apparatus which removes snow/icy mass buildup from motor vehicles. The invention comprises panel sections located along the lateral peripheral sides of an automobile as well as along the front and back periphery, along the bumpers. The panel sections are comprised of a heating element embedded in a thermally conductive material which radiates thermal energy. The heated underside apparatus is adapted such that it is powered by the power source of the vehicle, i.e., the battery, or an auxiliary power supply operatively connected to the vehicle. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a feedback system which operates by real time monitoring of temperature and moisture levels to thereby maintain threshold levels above freezing point until the snow/icy mass buildup is removed.

Abstract: Process for producing tubular shaped pieces (105) having a rectangular cross section of low height, to transform electric current into diffused heat, by means of pultrusion, with continuous formation, added to known reinforcing materials such as roving (60) and mats (65) of fibreglas, on one broad side of the shaped piece (105), of one or more parallel nets (72, 73) of a weft woven (80, 81) fabric made from a continuous wire (77) of highly conductive material coated with insulating material (78), connected at set intervals to devices (111, 112) of electric sockets incorporated in the plastic material (50) so that, when the shaped piece (105) is cut through at the position of the devices (111, 112) to form electric sockets, and by filling the panels with insulating foam material (145) oblong panels (116) are obtained utilizable for innumerable purpose

Abstract: A heated platform is formed by one or more elongated boards or planks, each having an elongated lower surface with a pair of spaced-apart longitudinally extending channels defined therein. An elongated heat conducting metal beam is operatively mounted in heat conducting relation in each channel. The beam defines a central, wide, inner channel opening in one direction and a pair of narrower side cable channels one on each side of the central channel and opening in a direction opposite to the direction of opening of the inner channel. An electric heating cable is operatively mounted in heat conducting relation in the beam cable channels for supplying heat to the beam for transfer to the board or plank. The heated planks or boards are useful particularly for forming decks and seating for hot tubs, as well as for walkways and stairs.

Abstract: A method prevents ice dams on an outside surface of a slanted roof of a building. The building has an outside wall. The roof extends over and beyond the outside wall in an outward direction. The method includes placing a first heating device between the roof and the outside wall. The heating device extends beyond the outside wall in the outward direction. Heat from the heating device is used to melt frozen precipitation on the outside surface of the roof.

Abstract: An infrared heating element of the present invention includes a facing (preferably a fiberglass cloth) which is cut to a desired shape and size, an insulating blanket of the same shape and size as the facing, a heating filament sandwiched between the facing and the insulating blanket. The insulating blanket, which is preferably a ceramic fiber blanket, is rigidized by soaking the blanket is a rigidizing solution, such as a colloidal silica solution, The step of rigidizing the blanket provides at least one face of blanket which is impregnated with the rigidizing solution and a core which remains free of rigidizing solution. While the insulating properties of the blanket at the surfaces are reduced by the rigidizing, the insulating properties of the core of the blanket are not substantially affected.The heating element is included in a portable dryer for use in drying items such as screen printed articles.

Abstract: Dual electric/gas heating in a crucible melting furnace with segmental lining, and lining and segments of linings for same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A heating chamber for maintaining processed foods warm for extended periods while not sacrificing food quality or causing a secular change in the chamber's insulating member.

Abstract: An unmanned snow prevention and removal system is provided which prevents or eliminates the accummulation of falling snow in selected ingress and egress passageways on the ground, such as sidewalks and driveways. An array of disposed parallel linear cooperative panels is provided covering such passageways upon which the accumulated falling snow is caught, and is subsequently intermittently and automatically thrown off such panels on wither side of their respective lengths by their sweeping motion through an arc of a circle from an initial near horizontal intersecting position by an electrical motor drive. Removal of accumulated snow from the panel array during their sweeping-throw and return motion as a result of the snow sliding downward of the panels is assisted by the provision of electrical heater elements disposed along the full length thereof and contained within the body of each panel which enables the accumulated snow to slide off the panel more readily.

Abstract: A heated mat structure provides a plurality of thin heated mats, each releasably interconnected in electrical parallel through an electrical powering system providing low voltage current. Each heated mat comprises relatively thin rectilinear laminated structure, having a rigid back panel with fastening means for positional maintenance, supporting a thin heating lamina having an element formed of electrically resistive metallic foil imbedded in plastic sheet material which in turn supports an outer surfacing lamina having an exposed surface of high friction material to prevent slipping. The laminae may carry plastic sheet material between adjacent surfaces and about peripheral edges to aid interconnection and isolation. All adjacent structural surfaces are mechanically joined. Each pad provides an electrical connector communicating spacedly from interconnection with its foil heating element.

Abstract: A temperature regulating ceiling element box has a lower face, possibly covered with a decorative panel, located on the side of a room to be equipped. Its upper face is covered with at least one layer of heat-insulating material. At least some of the side walls have openings for connection to an air circulation system at a controlled temperature. The box is also equipped with a heater. The invention is useful in decoration and temperature control of a room.

Abstract: A radiant heating panel is formed using a foam insulation core surrounded by a reinforcing mesh and having a pair of wiring harness fixtures snapped over each end of the reinforced core. A radiant heating wire is strung back and fourth between the fixtures to provide a radiant heating element and the core structure, including the radiant heating element, is then wrapped in a paper wrapper which is secured to the core through the reinforcing layer on the side of the core opposite the heating element. A cementicious thermal insulating layer is applied to encase the heating element and the paper wrapper is wrapped into overlying relationship with the cementicious layer to substantially completely enclose the core.