Abstract: A sand consolidating method is provided for use in a borehole within an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole and cause caving. After perforating the borehole's casing at an interval of the formation where sand will be produced, an aqueous silicate solution is injected into said interval. Next, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible hydrocarbonaceous liquid is introduced into the interval. Thereafter, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and inorganic salt or chelated calcium is injected into the interval. A permeability retentive silicate cement is formed in the interval. Injection of the aqueous silicate and organic solvent is continued until the interval has been consolidated by the silicate cement to an extent sufficient to prevent sand migration and thereby prevent caving.

Abstract: A joint/sealing system for interlocked, in-ground barrier members which form an in-ground containment wall, including a "U" shaped gasket (108) interfacing with a longitudinally extended male member (109) to form oppositely directed, double seals using outwardly diverging lips (181/182, 183/184) on the distal ends of the gasket, with the seals being created between at least one side of the male member and at least one leg of two legs (107), which form a female cavity (110) for the male member. The joint includes two, flanking "T" shaped, longitudinal extensions on opposite sides of the male member mating with opposed "T" configured chambers (102') on the adjacent barrier member. The joint elements preferably form an "H" nested within two, opposed "J" shapes. Six exemplary embodiments are disclosed, some single wall and some double walled. The gasket lips typically emanate out from the ends of the "U" shape, but one embodiment (501) has the lips extending out from the sides of the "U" (FIG. 10 ).

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the higher permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 400.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and an inorganic salt or a chelated calcium compound are injected into the higher permeability zone. A silicate cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. Initially, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or organoammonium hydroxide is injected into a zone of greater permeability in a formation. Thereafter, a spacer volume of a water-miscible organic solvent is injected into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the greater permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing off the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide stimulation or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A hazardous waste containment system for preventing the lateral migration of hazardous fluid substances (including both liquid and gas wastes, heavy metals, etc.) into the water table, particularly for sites which are located over a fluid impermeable strata (20) of clay or the like, while also allowing the controlled removal and/or in situ treatment of the fluid substances. The system uses an encircling barrier containment wall (W) comprising a plurality of slidingly engaged, sealed, interlocked, vertical barrier members (501/101) which extend down to and sealingly interface with the underlying fluid impermeable strata. At least one barrier member (1') includes a pass-through (P', FIG. 2) for one or more pipes (900) leading into an adjacent, satellite work/equipment area (E, FIGS. 1 & 3) where the hazardous fluids are controllable removed and treated on-site, and the treated fluids thereafter removed out of the work/equipment area.

Abstract: An excavator for constructing an underground continuous wall includes an extensible guide post, an endless chain extending around a chain driving wheel provided at the upper portion of the guide post and a chain sprocket at the lower portion of the guide post, and a number of cutter bits and a number of agitator bars alternately arranged on the chain to form an endless chain cutter and a jet pipe provided in the guide post to be connectable to a fluid supply source and having a number of nozzles branched from the jet pipe. The endless chain cutter is detachably fixed to the end of the boom extending from a vehicle traveling on the ground. The endless chain cutter may be vertically movably mounted on the boom so as to be vertically driven by a driving device. The cutter bits are changeable with harder cutter bits according to obstacles in the ground.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dry, fine particle size hydraulic cement composition, which is directly dispersable in both water and a hydrocarbon liquid and to the use of said composition in oil well cementing operations and methods of terminating water flow in subterranean hydrocarbon producing formations.

Abstract: A hazardous waste site remediation process for decontamination of petrochemical and other toxic waste containing sites comprises in situ conversion of the site to a self contained process reactor which is then selectively operated by feeding a variety of treatment reagents thereto through a network of feed conduits and removing contaminants through removal conduits which collectively bring the contaminated materials to a collection area in the reactor where they can then be further treated or removed. A mobile trenching machine converts the site to a reactor by simultaneously placing contaminant impermeable walls while processing excavated materials such as by adding reactor reagents thereto and then immediately returning the processed materials to the location from which they were excavated in the site. Hydrocarbons or other useful by-products such as precious metals may be recovered from the soil.

Abstract: A structural joint is sealed with the aid of an injection hose including a substantially liquid-impermeable base body which envelops a passage channel and which has exit openings distributed over the length of the base body for passage of injection liquid from the passage channel into the joint to be sealed. The exit openings open under internal excess pressure and I close under internal negative pressure. Following injection of the injection liquid into the joint to be sealed, the injection liquid remaining in the injection hose is drawn off from the passage channel.

Abstract: A method for transporting a cementitious mixture to an underground space includes subjecting the mixture to high-shear mixing to render it temporarily flowable and, while the mixture remains in its flowable state, transporting the mixture to the underground space. After a period of time following the high-shear mixing, the mixture reverts to its initial viscosity and subsequently reacts to form a cementitiously hardened product. The mixture used in the present invention includes flue gas desulfurization sludge, lime, fly ash and water.

Abstract: A roller machine and method for installing a flexible panel into a trench including a frame, a prime mover connected to the frame, and a plurality of rollers positioned on the frame. The plurality of rollers defining a curved path of travel for the panel. The path of travel has an entry and an exit. The path of travel is nearly vertical adjacent to the exit above and adjacent to the trench. The prime mover is drivingly connected to at least one of the plurality of rollers. The plurality of rollers includes a plurality of support rollers extending across the frame and having an adjustable length generally corresponding to a width dimension of the panel and a plurality of guide rollers arranged in aligned pairs. The guide rollers are positioned adjacent opposite ends of the support rollers and are arranged adjacent to the exit of the path of travel. The path of travel extends between each of the aligned pairs of guide rollers.

Abstract: Propulsion apparatus is disclosed for urging a trenching arm forward against the advancing face of an elongate trench being dug by the trenching arm. The propulsion apparatus includes a propulsion member which is engageable with the base wall of the trench such that the trenching arm may be urged forward relative to the engaged propulsion member. The propulsion member may then be withdrawn from engagement with the base wall and retracted towards the trenching arm before commencing a further propulsion cycle. The propulsion member is also operable to cooperate with the trenching arm in excavating a starting slot at the beginning of a new trench.

Abstract: An adaptation of apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,135,058 to provide foundations or perimeter walls is effected with the drilling of circular holes within a range of four to sixteen feet overlapping to provide continuous area coverage in the case of foundations with a minimum of overlap and to provide a minimum wall thickness in the order of hole radius in the case of containment walls.

Abstract: A dispersant for spacer fluids, cement slurries, completion fluids and mixtures of drilling fluids and cement slurries used for drilling and cementing subterranean wells.

Abstract: A method of installing a post in a post hole includes the steps of providing a dry fast setting cementitious composition having a set time and in the form of finely divided particles of at least one cement binder, and pouring an amount of the dry cementitious composition into a volume of water located in a post hole without any type of physical mixing of the cementitious composition and water other than the mixing which occurs merely by applying the cementitious composition into the water. The major portion of the particles of the cementitious composition have approximately the same drop rate through the volume of water. The water contacts the dry cementitious composition when poured into the volume of water to hydrate the particles of the dry cementitious composition, the particles of cementitious composition dropping through the water to displace excess water and form the hydrated cementitious composition into a substantially non-segregated mass.

Abstract: A method of installing a cementitious composition includes providing a dry fast setting cementitious composition having a set time and in the form of finely divided particles of at least one cement binder, pouring an amount of the dry cementitious composition into a volume of water located in a hole without any type of physical mixing of the cementitious composition and water other than the mixing which occurs merely by applying the cementitious composition into the water. The major portion of the particles of the cementitious composition have approximately the same drop rate through the volume of water. The water contacts the dry cementitious composition when poured into the volume of water to hydrate the particles of the dry cementitious composition, the particles of cementitious composition dropping through the water to displace excess water and form the hydrated cementitious composition particles in a substantially non-segregated mass.

Abstract: A grid composite for protecting men and longwall mining equipment during longwall shield recovery includes a regular polymer geogrid structure formed by biaxially drawing a continuous sheet of select polypropylene material which is heat bonded to a polyester fabric. The grid composite is secured over caving shields of longwall mining equipment during a longwall mining operation. The polymer grid composite is ideal for waste containment structures, backfill barriers, and silt barriers in construction and mining applications. In waste containment and backfill barriers, the grid composite is used to form a containment structure. It principle function is to contain waste material usually consisting of a liquid with some percentage of solids.

Abstract: Improved set retarded cement compositions and methods of using such compositions which are substantially non-thinning at high temperatures and which can include fresh or salt water are provided. The compositions are comprised of hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry, a set retarder and a delayed viscosifying agent which yields viscosity at high temperatures comprised of a treated depolymerized galactomannan gum.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved soil-cement compositions and methods of forming subterranean cementitious masses using the compositions. The soil-cement compositions are basically comprised of hydraulic cement, water present in the compositions in amounts sufficient to form slurries of the solids therein, a dispersant comprised of a mixture of sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, ferrous lignosulfonate, ferrous sulfate and tannic acid and soil present in an amount whereby the volume ratio of cement, water and dispersant to soil in the compositions is in the range of from about 0.3:1 to about 2.1:1.

Abstract: A hazardous waste containment system for preventing the lateral migration of hazardous fluid substances (including both liquid and gas wastes) into the water table, particularly for sites which are located over a fluid impermeable strata of clay (20) or the like. The system uses an encircling (FIG. 8) barrier containment wall (W) comprising a plurality of slidingly engaged, interlocked, vertical barrier members (501/101) which extend down to and sealingly interface with the underlying fluid impermeable strata (20). The barrier members are slidingly engaged via interlocking male and female appendages, which mate and form vertically extended, interlocking, sealed joints, in which fluid impermeable seals (508/108) are formed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing cementitious material into an excavation using a mobile unit having an extendable flexible hose mounted on a power driven hose reel. Cementitious material is pumped through the hose and out the hose end into an excavation as the flexible hose is reeled out of the excavation. A weight at the end of the hose keeps the end of the hose from jetting itself about during the pumping operations. An extendable hose boom positions the end of hose over an excavation and directs the hose into the excavation and out during pumping.

Abstract: A trenching apparatus comprises a boom assembly having a lower end mounted on a support base and an upper end connected to a boom mounting bracket which is joined by a coupler to a digger arm operative to form a trench alongside the support base following a trench line. Linear actuators are carried by the boom mounting bracket, the coupler and the digger arm to manipulate the digger arm about an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis which are mutually perpendicular. Other linear actuators vertically raise and lower the boom assembly, and pivot it in an arc-shaped path relative to the support base, in the course of a trenching operation.

Abstract: A slurry wall lining system comprises a liner and a liner dispenser having a guide, an anchor, a support line, weights and fasteners. The liner dispenser preferably holds a liner in a rolled up position above the trench on rollers for insertion into the trench. The guide is preferably attached to the dispenser and can be angled to extend down into the trench. The liner is unrolled initially in a vertical direction down into the trench at a rate about equal to the movement of the dispenser along the trench. The liner then passes around the guide into a horizontal orientation in the trench. In the preferred embodiment, the weights pull the liner downward about the guide and secure one edge of the liner near the bottom of the trench. The fasteners, support line and anchor to hold the other edge of the liner along the top of the trench.

Abstract: An excavator for constructing an underground continuous wall includes a traveling trolley movable on rails and having a sprocket in mesh with a rack extended parallelly to the rails and a hydraulic motor for driving the sprocket. The trolley further includes an upper frame arranged thereon and having a tiltable frame tiltable relative to the upper frame and a saddle provided on the tiltable frame slidable on the tiltable frame in directions substantially perpendicular to the rails. An extensible guide post is provided upward and downward movably relative to the tiltable frame. An endless chain extends around a chain driving wheel provided on the saddle and a chain sprocket provided at the lower end of the guide post, and a number of cutter bits and a number of agitator bars are alternately arranged on the endless chain to form an endless chain cutter. A chain driving device is provided for driving the endless chain.

Abstract: A hazardous waste containment system for preventing the lateral migration of hazardous fluid substances (including both liquid and gas wastes) into the water table, particularly for sites which are located over a fluid impermeable strata of clay (20) or the like. The system uses an encircling (FIG. 7) barrier containment wall comprising a plurality of slidingly engaged, interlocked, vertical barrier members (3) which extend down to and sealingly interface with the underlying fluid impermeable strata. The barrier members are slidingly engaged via interlocking male and female appendages (1 & 4), which mate and form a vertically extended chamber (33), in which a fluid impermeable seal (7) is formed.

Abstract: A formwork includes a plurality of interconnectable disposable formwork elements for the casting of, for instance, foundations, sustaining walls, etc. in concrete and which is cheaper and wherein the formwork operation is rapidly effected, and at the same time it may be done by a person not skilled in the trade. Each formwork element (1) consists of an elongated, thin-walled, cylinder-shaped element, which is provided with coupling members on the neighbor element(s) for the interconnection of adjacent cylinder-shaped formwork elements so that, upon filling of concrete into the interconnected cylinder-shaped formwork elements, a row of fused concrete columns is formed constituting a wall on which the formwork elements may form the external surface(s) or from which the external portions of the formwork elements may be removed.

Abstract: Aluminum leafing flakes for expanding grout are adhered to microparticles to distribute the flakes in dry and wet grouts. The flakes have a protective coating sensitive to the alkalinity of dry and wet grouts alkaline. The coated flake carrying microparticles may be blended and stored with dry grouts or used directly with wet grouts as part of a fluidifier for the grout.

Abstract: Process for disposal of insoluble tailings that remain when solubilizing uncalcined or calcined trona in the process of producing soda ash, in which tailings are slurried with a saturated or substantially saturated solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof, pumping said slurry into a well connected to an underground mined-out cavity with sufficient pressure to prevent the build-up of tailings from plugging the bottom of the well opening, dispersing and settling said tailings and a retained portion of the solution in the cavity, removing solution from said cavity and conveying it to the surface, recovering the removed solution for recycle and slurrying of additional tailings, and adding as make-up liquor to replace the solution retained in the cavity, a saturated or substantially saturated solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof. The preferred solution employed in this process is purge solution which is discarded from a crystallizer circuit.

Abstract: A microbial system is provided for selective plugging of permeable regions of a subterranean formation, for use in conjunction with injection of surfactant-containing foams. Bacteria indigenous to the target formation are isolated, and selected for ability to degrade the surfactant of interest. Small, non-adherent ultramicrobacteria, or UMB, are prepared from the selected culture by starvation. The UMB and the surfactant-containing foam are then injected into the target formation. The surfactant allows the foam to penetrate into the formation. The UMB then revive to their vegetative state, degrade the surfactant and produce exopolymer, thus plugging the formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement-based injection grout for filling-in and consolidating fine cracks.According to the invention, the injection grout is produced from a finely ground Portland cement with removal of all the particles of sizes greater than 30 microns, the said cement having added to it a water-reducing plasticizer or thinner in a proportion not exceeding 2% and being mixed with water, the weight ratio of the quantity of water to the quantity of cement not exceeding 0.6.

Abstract: A void in a mine is backfilled by a backfill slurry comprising water, an inert filler, e.g. mine tailings, and a binder, e.g. cement, lime or slag, to which a gelling agent, e.g. sodium silicate, is added just before placement.

Abstract: Method for producing a narrow or slit wall (42) in soil (22) by means of a driver (10) with at least two and preferably three vibrating tubes (I, II, III) and guide blades (28, 30, 32) between the vibrating tubes. Following penetration of the driver into the soil, during the withdrawal process of the latter, injection material (40, 44) is loaded into the drilled cavities. During the next work step, the driver is lowered into the soil so that the rearmost vibrating tube (I) is lowered into the still-soft injection material (40) which was added during the previous withdrawal of the foremost vibrating tube (III). By monitoring the power draw of the vibrating motor on the rearmost vibrating tube (I) and regulating this power draw to keep it to a minimum value, removal of the rearmost vibrating tube from the still-soft injection material (40) is prevented. As a result the seal between the successive sections of narrow wall (42) is ensured.

Abstract: A narrow wall or slotted wall which is introduced into a geological substratum or foundation, including a sealing wall composition contained therein, and at least one sealing wall plate which, for example, is constituted of glass. The sealing wall plate which is fixed in the sealing wall composition or, the sealing wall plates, possesses or possess devices for the detection and recognition of leakages. These devices can be constituted from hollow profile members which are connected with the sealing wall plates; in essence, can be integrated therein.

Abstract: A method of sealing a concrete joint formed between a pair of concrete castings by creating an injection hole wherein a removable frame member can be attached to the bottom surface of the first concrete casting so as to form obtuse angles with the concrete casting surface. The other concrete casting is then cast around the frame member. The frame member is then removed to form the injection hole of the desired configuration, and sealing material can then be inserted into the injection hole for feeding into, and sealing of, the joint.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the ground of a large area. The method comprises the steps of inserting a pipe into a hole previously dug in the ground, injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid from an injecting apparatus attached to the tip of the pipe, drawing up the pipe, grouting the ground, and injecting the ground improving injection liquid to thereby form an underground columnar consolidation body for improving the ground. The drawing-up operation of the pipe is executed while applying vertical vibration to the pipe. Thus, a consolidation body of a large area for improvement of the ground is obtained without concave and convex portions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multi-shaft apparatus and methods for forming soilcrete columns and walls and grids in situ in soil whereby adjacent boreholes are drilled so as to reach bedrock at substantially the same time. Each shaft is equipped with a penetrating auger blade at its lower end. Overlapping auger blades, vertically offset from the penetrating auger blades, are attached to alternate shafts. The columns may overlap or be approximately tangential to each other. Columns may be positioned in a row so as to form a wall, or may be positioned in a grid so as to fixate a region of contaminated soil.

Abstract: A trenching tool which digs a trench to depths of six to thirty feet. A liner carrier case is conveyed to the trench bottom from which is withdrawn an impermeable barrier liner; extended from the bottom to the top of the excavated trench. The liner casing is positioned at the trench bottom and forms a bottom seal for a vertical liner. The impermeable liner is deployed simultaneously with the trenching operation. The trenching, liner and bottom seal positioning of the liner casing, and backfilling, is all part of a coordinated operation.

Abstract: An equipment for excavating and constructing straight or circular continuous monolithic structural walls, comprises a motor driven vehicle provided with a support structure for substaining a beam which is orientable about a vertical and horizontal axis, a slide on one side of the beam, an excavator mounted onto the slide and comprising a chain that is substantially vertical in an operative position, a framework provided with vibrators and carried by the slide following the excavator and a hose meant to convey concrete following the excavator inside the excavation.

Abstract: Dry cementitious compositions and packages and methods for their application. The dry compositions do not have to be mixed with water but instead are poured, sprayed or troweled onto a substrate which contains water in an amount in excess of that necessary for the hydration of the cementitious materials. These compositions can be applied by layering, dropping through a conduit, or preferably, merely dropped into the water.

Abstract: A hazardous waste containment system for preventing the lateral migration of hazardous fluid substances (including both liquid and gas wastes) into the water table, particularly for sites which are located over a fluid impermeable strata of clay (20) or the like. The system uses an encircling (FIG. 7) barrier containment wall comprising a plurality of slidingly engaged, interlocked, vertical barrier members (3) which extend down to and sealingly interface with the underlyng fluid impermeable strata. The barrier members are slidingly engaged via interlocking male and female appendages (1 and 4), which mate and form a vertically extended chamber (33), which a fluid impermeable seal (7) is formed.

Abstract: A method of grouting porous gas--and petroleum--bearing formations with a cementitious material comprising ultrafine ground slag is useful for primary and remedial cementing of a wellbore. A composition is provided which comprises water, a dispersant, slag and an accelerator to activate the slag.

Abstract: A process and device for decontamination of contaminated soil wherein contaminated soil is precleansed by a pressurized flushing and cutting jet of a cutting device located in a borehole. The soil is removed from the existing soil structure and flushed so intensely that is largely freed from adhering pollutants. The fine particles of the flushed and precleansed soil, together with the pollutants, are sluiced as a slurry in a return flow through a preventer. For decontamination, they are conveyed to a decontamination plant where the remaining pollutants are extracted. The coarse particles of soil remain in the ground. Finally, the cleansed soil, together with a bonding agent, is flushed back into the borehole where it forms a soil structure capable of bearing loads.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for influencing the interaction between a layer of earth and a structure situated in association with the layer of earth. What is characteristic of the invention is that a casing filled with a medium and introduced into a layer of earth is introduced into a material surrounding the casing, which material preferably consists of a bentonite or a bentonite mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for constructing an impervious underground wall in which an initial excavation, filled with an excavating slurry, is made having a length L.sub.1. A milling excavator is lowered to the bottom of the initial excavation in a collapsed condition and then expanded outwardly by a linkage mechanism in the direction of the trench portion, transmitting a reaction or bearing force to a wall of the initial excavation to excavate from the bottom upwardly. The cuttings fall to the bottom of the trench and are removed by suction or an air lift. The initial excavation is thus expanded laterally from the bottom up with the excavation forces from the excavation being transmitted to the opposing wall surface. Precast concrete panels having convave sides, one concave and one convex end, are inserted into the excavation and have formations on the end to interlock with one another and serve as an excavating guide for the excavating tool.

Abstract: Apparatus for stripping a header from a cast concrete section to which it is adhered adjacent to a site for contiguous concrete section comprising a vertical track in direct association with the header; the track having an opening facing the site; and impact tool adapted to move slidingly within the track to predetermined locations therein; and the impact tool being further adapted to be displaced horizontally within the track to apply a separation force through the track to the header to disrupt adhesion of the header with the concrete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-shaft kneading auger system having a plurality of kneading shafts or rotating shafts used to form a continuous wall in the ground. Grouting blades driven by chains, are positioned near the lower ends of the kneading shafts. A grouting edge of the blade forms a predetermined angle with the surface of the kneading shafts. Also, a scraping apparatus is formed in a part of the rotating shafts. The scraping apparatus comprises a supporting member laterally supported in the part of the rotating shafts, plain blades vertically movably supported on the supporting member and substantially located on common tangential lines of the rotational surfaces of the grouting blades, a coupling member including rollers and laterally coupling the plain blades, and cams provided in the part of the rotating shafts and adapted to engage with the rollers.

Abstract: A reinforced soil embankment having precast concrete face panels with cantilevered sections extending into the embankment to support the panels in an upright condition and provide a surface beneath which a wedge may be inserted to plumb the panels during erection of the embankment. Soil reinforcing elements are secured to the panels intermediate their height to reinforce the embankment and secure the face panels in place. Connectors are provided for securing the reinforcing elements to the panels by means of loops formed on the elements for extension through eyes on the panels. The connectors also serve to orient the reinforcing elements in a horizontal disposition within the embankment.

Abstract: A machine (13) for the continuous casting of structural concrete walls (10) has a chassis (19) mounted on tracks (20). A telescopic boom (26) is mounted for buffing movement on a work platform (21) mounted for slewing movement relative to the chassis (19). A work head (30) has a work head unit (38) mounted for movement in three axes relative to the boom (26). The work head unit (38) has a continuous bucket excavator which digs a trench as the work head unit (38) is advanced and a continuous formwork (46) which supports the sides of the trench and defines the structural wall (10) which is cast as the work head unit (38) is advanced, pressurized concrete being supplied to the cavity defined by the formwork (46) by a pipe (14).

Abstract: A trenching apparatus (10) is for excavating deep trenches in which inground concrete retaining or foundation walls may be formed. The trenching apparatus (10) has a crawler base (11) on which a carrier assembly (14) is pivotally supported by pivots (16) whereby it may be tilted by rams (17) to maintain the platform horizontal. An automatic control device (64) is provided for this purpose. The carrier assembly (14) has a pair of rails (18/19) along which a carriage (21) may move. The carriage (21) supports a sleeve (24) through which a trenching arm (25) may be lowered to excavate a trench section as the carriage (21) is driven along the rails (18/19).