Abstract: In order for a high-pressure cleaner having a reciprocating pump, on which there is positioned a pump head into which at least one piston, which can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the reciprocating pump, projects, the pump head comprising a suction connection, for feeding a cleaning liquid, and a pressure connection, for discharging the cleaning liquid, accommodating a plurality of regulating valves, being produced from plastics and being braced with the reciprocating pump by means of a clamping element, to be developed such that it can be produced more cost-effectively and assembled more straightforwardly, it is proposed that the clamping element has at least one U-shaped clamping bracket with a base part butting against the pump head and with two legs which are aligned substantially in the longitudinal direction of the reciprocating pump and the free ends of which butt against an abutment surface, produced from metal, of a piston guide of the reciprocating pump and can be connected

Abstract: The present invention prevents the clogging of the oil supply hole in a compressor due to foreign substances, such as sludge, and avoids performance degradation caused by the leakage of the discharged refrigerant.

Abstract: Lubricating films are formed on end surfaces of a swash plate, respectively. The lubricating films make slide contact with shoes, respectively. The lubricating films are composed of a copper based material containing no lead, and solid lubricant other than lead is contained the copper based material. A good slide contact characteristic may be obtained while using no lead.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a locomotive air compressor that includes a detachable bearing housing that houses an outboard crankshaft bearing. The bearing housing includes a flange, a tapered housing and a bearing retainer. The housing also includes a central bore to allow for the passage of a crankshaft and an annular recess which supports the outboard crankshaft bearing. The addition of an outboard crankshaft support bearing allows the placement of the bearing closer to the electric motor, eliminating deflections that are inherent with extended, unsupported crankshafts. The elimination of crankshaft deflections allows the use of more efficient electric motors that have a smaller air gap between the rotor and the stator. The bearing housing is detachable to allow access to the bearings in the crankcase for easy servicing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an axial plunger pump which does not need bellows by restricting fuel to a cylinder bore configuring a pump portion and by lubricating the other portion with oil. The high pressure fuel pump comprises a plunger reciprocating according to a shaking movement of a swash plate, a cylinder block forming a pump chamber together with the plunger, and a sealing member provided between the plunger and a cylinder bore for sealing oil leaked from the pump chamber to a chamber surrounding the pump chamber, wherein oil in the oil chamber is supplied from the outside of the high pressure fuel pump.

Abstract: A suction port of a piston type compressor is formed in the shape similar to a portion of a sector with an apex portion of the sector removed. A distal end portion of a suction valve which can open and close the suction port has a contour line including a distal end forming line extending generally parallel to a distal end line of the suction port, and side lines. A gap between the distal end line of the suction port and the distal end forming line of the suction valve is substantially constant, and a gap between the distal end forming line and the circle of the cylinder bore is substantially constant. The ease of the inflow of a gas when the gas is sucked from the suction port to the cylinder bore is improved.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-cylinder compressor permitting to increase a gas inflow into the housing without enlarging the intake ports of the bearing plate. The bearing plate 12 bearing the crankshaft 9 is provided with plural intake ports 12a at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. The substantially inversely-dished cover member 14 is mounted on the top of the bearing plate 12, and it not only covers the plural intake ports 12a, but also forms a sealed space S between the cover member and the bearing plate 12, and is further provided with an introducing opening 14a larger than the intake port 12a at the center top of the cover member 14. The introducing opening 14a is fitted with the gas supply pipe 15 to be connected to the gas supply source (not illustrated).

Abstract: A reciprocating compressor of a type includes a cylinder block having a plurality of bores disposed in parallel with each other, a valve plate having suction ports corresponding to the respective bores, a cylinder head for closing the outer end of the cylinder block through the valve plate which is held between the cylinder head and the cylinder block and on which suction valves and discharge valves are mounted, a suction chamber formed in the cylinder head adjacent to a refrigerant introduction port, and pistons inserted into the respective bores so as to reciprocate in a predetermined phase difference. In the reciprocating compressor, partitions are disposed in the cylinder head around the outer periphery of the suction chamber for introducing suction gas into the respective bores.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle that includes a multi-stage compressor, an internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger, a heat exchanger switching circuit, a cooling expansion passage and a heating expansion passage. The compressor has at least two cylinder bores, one bore being smaller than the other. Refrigerant is compressed in two stages. Refrigerant is conducted from the large cylinder bore to the small cylinder bore via an intermediate chamber. The heat exchanger switching circuit connects the intake chamber of the compressor to one of the heat exchangers depending on whether heating or cooling is desired.

Abstract: A pumping system for supplying high pressure actuation fluid to individual fuel injectors of an engine equipped with a hydraulically-actuated fuel injection system wherein the three major elements of the system, namely, the pump, the rail pressure control valve and the bleed-off sump or reservoir are physically separated and spaced from one another. The pump is annular, having a central opening through which the engine crankshaft passes. The crankshaft and pump wobble plate are rotationally coupled by opposing flats on each. The pump, rail pressure control valve and reservoir are mounted directly to the engine, receiving and discharging fluid through internal engine passageways, thereby eliminating the usual tubing, and fittings. The pump itself is compact and relatively short in the axial direction, leaving space for mounting such things as a cylindrical housing having belt grooves in its outer surface and a viscous damper on the crankshaft between the pump and the terminal crankshaft end.

Abstract: A compressor has a high-pressure relief valve and a low-pressure relief valve. The high-pressure relief valve in use for a discharge region opens when the pressure of gas in the discharge region is more than a first predetermined pressure. The high-pressure relief valve is provided with a first shim. The low-pressure relief valve in use for a suction region opens when the pressure of gas in the suction region is more than a second predetermined pressure which is lower than the first predetermined pressure. The low-pressure relief valve is provided with a second shim. The high-pressure relief valve and the low-pressure relief valve have similar structure to each other.

Abstract: A compressor has a pulley for transmitting torque from an external drive source to a rotary shaft to drive a compression mechanism. The pulley has a pulley body. The compressor has a mass body located in a range that is radially inward of the outer circumference of the pulley. The mass body swings about an axis that is spaced from the rotation axis of the pulley body by a predetermined distance and is substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the pulley body.

Abstract: The radial piston pump possesses a pump body with a plurality of cylinder borings for the reception of pump pistons which can be driven by a cam. The cylinder borings are closed by valve plugs in which pressure passages are provided. In the pressure passages, outlet valves are inserted which respectively possess a valve stem (7) an end of which, proximate to the pump piston (1), is provided with an impact plate.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates a conduit formed in the cylinder block to provide fluid communication between a crank chamber and one or more cylinders to eliminate the need for an orifice tube in fluid communication between a discharge chamber and the crank chamber and to increase the flow of refrigerant gas and lubricating oil to the crank chamber under all operating conditions and to increase the internal fluid pressure in the crank chamber.

Abstract: A refrigerant compressor includes a front housing, a cylinder block, a rear housing, and a valve plate positioned between the cylinder block and the rear housing, in which the valve plate has a suction hole formed therethrough. The compressor also includes a plurality of pistons each of which are slidably positioned within a corresponding cylinder bore, and a drive mechanism adapted to reciprocate each of the pistons within their corresponding cylinder bore. The compressor further includes a suction chamber formed between the rear housing and the valve plate, and a suction valve reed formed on the valve plate which regulates the flow of a fluid through the suction hole. The compressor also includes a limiting recess formed within an end of the cylinder block adapted to receive the suction valve reed. The limiting recess includes at least one arced segment intersecting a center axis of the suction valve reed.

Abstract: A compressor for an air conditioning system in an automobile, having a housing (1) and a compressor unit (2) accommodated in the housing (1) for taking in and compressing a refrigerant. The refrigerant flows from an intake area (4) preferably in a front-end housing cover (3) through the compressor unit (2) into a discharge area (5), preferably likewise designed and constructed in the housing cover (3). The compressor is designed and constructed for promoting efficiency such that components coming into contact with the refrigerant, particularly the walls forming a flow path (6) between the intake area (4) and the discharge area (5) are thermally insulated against the refrigerant at least partially and in areas of contact. For an effective protection of the drive belt when the drive shaft or the compressor unit locks, the compressor is further designed and constructed such that a coupling device automatically disengages, when a defined thermal and/or mechanical load limit is exceeded.

Abstract: In the present compressor, a retainer is prevented from being deformed without impairing the sealing performance of a metal gasket provided between a covering member for closing a compression chamber of a cylinder block assembly and a discharge valve forming plate. A discharge valve forming plate is provided between a valve plate having at least one discharge port through which a fluid compressed in a compression chamber of a cylinder block assembly is discharged into a discharge chamber of a housing and the cylinder block assembly. A retainer for restricting the magnitude of opening of a discharge valve is integrally formed in a metal gasket which is provided between the discharge valve forming plate and the housing. The housing is provided with a restricting section at a position corresponding to a proximal portion of a rising portion of the retainer for restricting the proximal portion of the top surface of a rising portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotating apparatus. The rotating apparatus includes a rotor and a motor generator. The rotor includes a belt holder on its outer circumferential surface. The belt holder transmits power between an engine and the rotor. The motor generator is accommodated in and operably connected to the rotor. The motor generator selectively functions as at least one of a motor and a generator. The motor generator is arranged inside the belt holder such that the motor generator is surrounded by the belt holder.

Abstract: This invention provides a pump with a close-mounted valve for a hydraulic fuel system in an internal combustion engine. The hydraulic fuel system may have a high pressure pump connected to a low pressure side and high pressure reservoirs. The pump has a drive shaft, a shaft cylinder, one or more cylinders, and a close-mounted valve. The close-mounted valve has a valve body, a valve spool, a valve spring, and a valve coil. The valve body is positioned inside a shaft cavity formed by the shaft cylinder. The close-mounted valve may control the volume and pressure to reduce or eliminate the dumping of high-pressure hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic fuel system.

Abstract: An axial piston fluid pumping apparatus is disclosed in which wobble pistons are rigidly connected to arms of a nutating plate that is rotatably mounted on a bearing which is mounted on a drive shaft. The axis of the bearing is at an acute angle to the axis of the shaft. The wobble pistons move within cylinders whose bores are disposed about the axis of the shaft. In one embodiment, the pistons are supported by leaf springs and radially resilient connecting rods and the crankcase is enclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an axial plunger pump which does not need bellows by restricting fuel to a cylinder bore configuring a pump portion and by lubricating the other portion with oil. The high pressure fuel pump comprises a plunger reciprocating according to a shaking movement of a swash plate, a cylinder block forming a pump chamber together with the plunger, and a sealing member provided between the plunger and a cylinder bore for sealing oil leaked from the pump chamber to a chamber surrounding the pump chamber, wherein oil in the oil chamber is supplied from the outside of the high pressure fuel pump.

Abstract: A compressor includes a housing having a hollow projection portion, a rotary shaft provided rotatably within the housing, a piston reciprocating in accordance with rotation of the rotary shaft for sucking and discharging refrigerant, a bearing disposed within the projection portion of the housing for rotatably supporting one end of the rotary shaft and an attaching leg portion formed on an outer surface of the projection portion of the housing. The attaching leg portion is fastened to an engine block, a bracket or the like by using a bolt or the like.

Abstract: An axial piston compressor produces air supplied to an air system of a vehicle, typically a heavy duty truck through a plurality of pistons held within a stationary block, and the movement of the pistons is predicated through the control of a pivotal swash plate. The pistons are idle in a neutral position of the swash plate, wherein a pressure above the pistons in the cylinder block counterbalances a thrust generated by an actuator upon the plate positioned in a plane extending perpendicular to a drive shaft. The plate oscillates in response to a pressure drop above the pistons causing the actuator to expand toward the plate and exert a thrust exceeding the lowered pressure above the pistons and enabling the swash plate to provide the pistons with reciprocal motion.

Abstract: A compressor has a first housing, a second housing, a valve plate, a suction valve, a discharge valve and a sealing coat. The first housing includes a compression chamber. The second housing includes a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. The valve plate is interposed between the first housing and the second housing. The suction valve is disposed between the first housing and the valve plate. The discharge valve is disposed between the second housing and the valve plate. The valve plate forms a suction port intercommunicating the suction chamber and the compression chamber, and a discharge port intercommunicating the discharge chamber and the compression chamber. The sealing coat made of soft metal is provided between the suction valve and the valve plate, and/or between the discharge valve and the valve plate.

Abstract: In a reciprocating compressor, an adequate lubricating effect is ensured for a sliding surface between a piston and a cylinder bore, and the leakage of a refrigerant for discharge is prevented.

Abstract: Direct drive variable displacement pumps that provide variable displacement wherein a swashplate pivots and changes the angle position in the direct drive variable displacement pumps. The swashplate is also capable of changing the stroke length of pistons in such direct drive variable displacement pumps and rotation of a rotating shaft is converted into axial or radial movement. In direct drive variable displacement pumps in accordance with the present invention, plungers and their respective plunger housings do not rotate relative to the rotating shaft while the swashplate rotates with rotating shaft. In addition, hydraulic control pistons are preferably used to change the angle of the swashplate and these hydraulic control pistons rotate with the rotating shaft.

Abstract: An axial piston compressor produces air supplied to an air system of a vehicle, typically a heavy duty truck through a plurality of pistons held within a stationary block, and the movement of the pistons is predicated through the control of a pivotal swash plate. The pistons are idle in a neutral position of the swash plate, wherein a pressure above the pistons in the cylinder block counterbalances a thrust generated by an actuator upon the plate positioned in a plane extending perpendicular to a drive shaft. The plate oscillates in response to a pressure drop above the pistons causing the actuator to expand toward the plate and exert a thrust exceeding the lowered pressure above the pistons and enabling the swash plate to provide the pistons with reciprocal motion.

Abstract: A compressor has a front housing, a rear housing, a plurality of bolts, and a rigid plate. The rear housing is connected to the front housing. The bolts connect the front housing and the rear housing in an axial direction. The rigid plate is disposed between an axial end surface of one of the front and rear housings and heads of the bolts. The front housing and the rear housing are connected by the bolts via the rigid plate.

Abstract: A compressor has a housing and a cylinder block. The housing includes suction and discharge chambers. The cylinder block is fixed to the housing via a valve plate assembly. The valve plate assembly forms suction and discharge ports and suction and discharge valves. A partition wall is formed with the housing, and separates the suction chamber and the discharge chamber. The housing includes a first surface, and the cylinder block includes a second surface. At least one of the first and second surfaces is concave in shape. The cylinder block is screwed to the housing at the partition wall or a position closer to the central axis of the housing than the partition wall by a bolt so that the first surface faces the second surface.

Abstract: A variable capacity type compressor has a swash plate, pistons reciprocating in the cylinder bores, a suction chamber, and a discharge chamber. A check valve arranged in the compressor. The check valve has a valve seat member having a flow passage and a valve seat, a case attached to the valve seat member, and a valve element arranged in the case for cooperation with the valve seat. The case has a communication hole formed therethrough to allow the gas to flow from the flow passage through the communication hole to the outside circuit. The case has a damper chamber formed therein on the back side of the valve element to damp vibration of the valve element.

Abstract: A compressor is provided in which the arrangement and the position of a spring chamber, in which a coil spring biasing a main shaft is accommodated, are designed and the various designs of the compressor is possible.

Abstract: A hydrostatic axial piston machine has a cylinder block with bores holding reciprocating pistons, a swashplate supporting the pistons, and control cams to supply the bores with hydraulic fluid. The swashplate is a pivoting cradle mounted on friction bearings in a cradle receptacle. Hydraulic fluid channels empty into the cradle receptacle and are in communication with supply channels in the cradle connected to the control cams. An actuator piston to adjust the cradle is located between two friction bearing segments of the cradle receptacle and has a toothed rack segment engaging a gearing segment on the back side of the cradle.

Abstract: A variable capacity type compressor has a swash plate which can incline with respect to the drive shaft. An angle decreasing spring urges the swash plate to decrease the inclination angle and a return spring urges the swash plate to increase the inclination angle from the minimum inclination angle beyond the limit angle. The minimum inclination angle is smaller than a limit angle at which the swash plate can be assuredly returned in the direction to increase the inclination angle by a reaction force of the discharge pressure, and the angle decreasing spring balances with the return spring at an angle greater than the limit angle. A minimum spring load (F0) of the return spring is greater than 20N. A maximum spring load (F100) of the angle decreasing spring is F100(N)=(180±30)−4×(VD−120).

Abstract: A piston-operated compressor, of swash plate type and using CO2 as a refrigerant, having a casing member in which a cylinder bore is formed to have a cylindrical peripheral wall surface and a piston reciprocating for compression in the cylinder bore and being formed of an aluminum alloy. The outer peripheral surface of the piston is coated with a film of a fluororesin material, and a piston ring of an iron metal is fitted in the neighborhood of the top portion of the piston to permit the CO2 refrigerant to be compressed under high pressure. A first oil groove is formed in peripheral direction in parallel to and below the vicinity of the groove at the top portion of the piston in which the piston ring is fitted, and a second oil groove is formed below the first oil groove extending along the axial direction in parallel with the central axis of the piston.

Abstract: In a variable piston pump/motor, input/output shafts are pivotably supported by a housing via a shaft support cylinder formed with a spherical outer surface. The housing is disposed so that it can tilt in one direction, pivoting around hydraulic intake/discharge tubes fixed at a position along lines connecting spherical heads of pistons.

Abstract: An air bottoming powertrain, suitable for use in automobiles includes an internal combustion engine, a compressor which receives gaseous working fluid and compresses it to an elevated pressure, a cooler for operating the compressor isothermally, an expander for deriving work from the compressed gas and a heat exchanger located in the compressed gas line for indirect heat exchange between the compressed working fluid and exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The expander may have a cylindrical barrel with a plurality of cylinders arranged in the circle and open at one end face of the cylinder barrel, which end face is sealed closed by a valve plate. The cylinder barrel and valve plate allow relative rotation therebetween to drive an output shaft, driven by compressed gas from the compressor. An alternative expander is a Scotch Yoke piston motor which includes plural paired and axially aligned cylinders on opposing sides of an output shaft.

Abstract: A cam plate of a variable displacement compressor is easily manufactured. The compressor includes a lug plate fixed to a drive shaft, a cam plate supported in an inclinable manner by the drive shaft, and a hinge mechanism connecting the lug plate and the cam plate. The cam plate includes a disk engaged with a piston and a joint formed separately from the disk and fixed to the disk. The joint forms the hinge mechanism. At least one of the joint and the disk is press-formed.

Abstract: A swashplate assist mechanism for dynamically varying swashplate moments in a multiple piston hydraulic unit includes a valve means disposed in the swashplate and defining a variable orifice for metering fluid from at least one of the pistons; and means for generating a control error signal to the valve means so as to adjust the size of the variable orifice based upon the control error signal. When fluid is metered from a leading piston to a trailing piston near one or more of the pressure transition zones, or when fluid is metered from a trailing piston to a leading piston near the opposite transition zones, the swashplate moments can be reduced.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates a lubrication passage formed in a cylinder block and crankcase, and a spray nozzle disposed at the crankcase end of the lubrication passage. The lubrication passage provides fluid communication between an oil sump and the spray nozzle, and the spray nozzle causes lubricating oil to be efficiently distributed as a fine mist or spray to the crank chamber. The lubrication passage and spray nozzle maximize the flow of refrigerant gas and lubricating oil to the crank chamber under all operating conditions providing cooling and lubrication to the internal moving components within the crankcase.

Abstract: An axial-piston pump includes a rotatable cylinder barrel having pistons extending from piston bores formed at one end thereof, each piston connected to a shoe by snap-fit joint. A groove/throttle arrangement at the joint provides controlled fluid, depending on its angle of flexion. A spherical, concave swashplate, includes an inclined surface and a spherical, internally form-locked retaining mechanism with two degrees of freedom for engaging and reciprocating the pistons upon rotation of the cylinder barrel. A valve plate, adjacent the end of the cylinder barrel furthest from the swashplate, controls the ingress and egress of the fluid from the piston bores through channels which are tilted towards the centerline and in circumferential direction, reducing the velocity and turbulence of the flow and counterbalancing a tilting moment at the cylinder barrel. The valve plate contains pressure compensating ports to reduce compression losses and delay the pressure adaptation.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates a swash plate slidably mounted on a drive shaft, the swash plate having side walls that taper toward one another for constant point contact with a ball bearing of an associated piston which results in a smaller required diameter for the swash plate and smoother operation of the compressor over prior art structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable capacity swash plate type compressor.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates a lubrication passage formed in the drive shaft, wherein the lubrication passage provides fluid communication between a discharge chamber and a crank chamber. The lubrication passage maximizes the low of refrigerant gas and lubricating oil to the crank chamber under all operating conditions providing cooling and lubrication to the internal moving components in the crank chamber. The lubrication passage facilitates the efficient flow of lubricating oil from the discharge chamber to the crank chamber.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston rotary internal combustion engine; comprising a non-rotating circular cylinder engine block containing a rotor on which piston reciprocate at right angles to the direction of centrifugal force, and parallel with the rotor, and at right angles to the direction of rotation of the rotor. These pistons form three sides of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber ignition blocks, which are built on the rotor along with rotor form two more sides, finally the cylinder forms the sixth side. Compression and decompression is affected by cams on front and back plates guiding pistons by means of cam followers built into the pistons. By altering cams one can produce variable delays (pauses) between the strokes of the combustion cycle or change the number of strokes in a given combustion cycle. The rotor can have the blanks recessed to allow for counterbalances to be inserted, and pistons can have guide rails added to take the counterbalances.

Abstract: A double-headed piston compressor includes a pair of opposite discharge chambers. Each discharge chamber is defined by a large annular wall and a small annular wall. The annular walls are located about the axis of the drive shaft. A limit wall is formed in each housing and is located in each discharge chamber. Each limit wall extends substantially radially to connect the annular walls near the outlet of the discharge chamber. Therefore, each discharge chamber forms a gas passage, which extends circularly about the axis of the drive shaft from the limit wall to the outlet. Compressed gas discharged from the cylinder bores to each discharge chamber through the discharge ports flows in one direction toward the outlet. As a result, pulsation of compressed gas is attenuated.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates a conduit formed in the cylinder block to provide fluid communication between a crank chamber and one or more cylinders to eliminate the need for an orifice tube in fluid communication between a discharge chamber and the crank chamber and to increase the flow of refrigerant gas and lubricating oil to the crank chamber under all operating conditions and to increase the internal fluid pressure in the crank chamber.

Abstract: A swash plate slides on a plurality of shoes. A lubrication coating is applied to the swash plate. The lubrication coating includes a non-graphite solid lubricant, a transfer adjusting agent, and a resin binder. The transfer adjusting agent adjusts the amount of the solid lubricant that is transferred from the swash plate to the shoes. The materials and quantities of the coating are chosen to extend the life of the parts.

Abstract: A compressor including a compressing mechanism accommodated in a housing. The mechanism draws refrigerant from an intake chamber into a compression chamber and discharges the refrigerant from the compression chamber to the discharge chamber. A seal device prevents leakage of refrigerant from the internal space to the atmosphere between the drive shaft and the housing. An isolation chamber, which is separately formed in the housing, accommodates the seal device. A pressure reducing passage reduces the pressure of the isolation chamber to reduce the pressure difference applied to the seal device.

Abstract: A swash plate compressor includes a cylinder block having positioned therein a plurality of cylinders and a crank chamber. Each of a plurality of pistons has a head portion and a skirt portion. The head portion of the piston is slidably disposed within one of the cylinders. The skirt portion of the piston slidably abuts on an inside surface of the crank chamber, and by its action the pistons are prevented from nutating axes when the pistons are driven in a reciprocating motion within the cylinders upon rotation of the swash plate. The crank chamber has a truncated cone-shape, the inside diameter of which is reduced between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of the piston. The structure for the swash plate compressor according to this invention reduces vibration and noise caused by the nutation of the pistons.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor which incorporates an impeller attached to a drive shaft, and a plurality of blades for, efficiently directing lubricating oil to a shaft seal. The impeller provides a mist of lubricating oil to the crankcase, and the blades direct lubricating oil to a shaft seal. The impeller and blades maximize the distribution and flow of lubricating oil to the crank chamber under all operating conditions providing cooling and lubrication to the internal moving components within the crankcase.