Abstract: An Al-alloy containing Si, Fe, Cu and Mg and at least one of Mn and Co in the basic composition range of 8.0.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.30.0 wt. %, 2.0.ltoreq.Fe.ltoreq.33.0 wt. %, 0.8.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.7.5 wt. %, 0.3.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.3.5 wt. %, 0.5.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.5.0 wt. % and/or 0.5.ltoreq.Co.ltoreq.3.0 wt. %, provided in a powder state. A sindered member formed of these Al-alloys displays high strength, excellent heat-resistivity and stress corrosion cracking resistivity. A structural member made of the sintered Al-alloy is manufactured through the steps of subjecting a powder press-shaped body formed at a temperature of 350.degree. C. or lower and at a pressure of 1,5.about.5.0 ton/cm to hot extrusion working at a temperature of 300.degree..about.400.degree. C. to form a raw material for forging, and then forge shaping the raw material at a temperature of 300.degree..about.495.degree. C.

Abstract: Discloses hot working by rolling or forging of mechanically alloyed aluminum-base alloys containing 5 to 35 volume percent of an aluminum transition metal intermetallic phase, e.g. Al.sub.3 Ti which is insoluble in the solid aluminum matrix. Hot working is carried out at a temperature above about 370.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for producing an integral titanium alloy article having at least o regions, each region having a distinct microstructure, which comprises the steps of(a) providing a suitable mold for the article;(b) introducing a first titanium alloy into a first portion of the mold;(c) introducing a second titanium alloy in powder form into a second portion of the mold; and(d) hot compacting the first and second alloys in the mold to produce a substantially fully dense article.The second alloy may be the hydrided version of the first alloy, or may have a different overall composition from the first alloy, or may be hydrided and have a different overall composition from the first alloy.

Abstract: Sputtering targets are made by melting at least one rare earth and at least one transition metal to produce an amorphous alloy melt, forming a powder of the alloy in an oxygen free atmosphere, introducing the powdered alloy into a reducing mold, adding a layer of powdered oxygen-getter on top of the powdered alloy, and hot pressing the alloy.

Abstract: A compressible bellows type metal canister is used in a hot pressing process for immobilizing high level radioactive nuclear waste material in the form of synthetic rock, the canister comprises a base wall and a corrugated bellows side wall of generally circular cross-section, concentrically arranged within the corrugated side wall is a cylindrical liner. In the center of the base wall a conically-tapered aperture is provided with a filter plug. Diametrically opposed apertures are provided in the base wall and are connected by an outlet pipe for removal of waste gases.

Abstract: A process of fabricating steel stock for bearing components from highly alloyed steel powders supersaturated in carbon up to 0.5 weight percent in ferrite and up to 1.0 weight percent in austenite type combinations is disclosed. Rapid solidification of an atomized molten composition yields a metal powder with a diameter ranging between 75 and 105 microns. The metal powder is then compressed and heated to a low forging temperature between 1,600.degree. and 1,800.degree. F. to yield the steel stock.

Abstract: A microstructurally toughened ceramic-particle-reinforced metal-matrix composite article is disclosed. The article includes discrete regions of ceramic-particulate-reinforced metal matrix which enclosed within and separated from each other by a network of unreinforced metal. The article exhibits high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and high impact resistance. A process for making the article is also disclosed. The process includes positioning structural elements within a metallic container to define a plurality of discrete void spaces within the container, introducing a quantity of metallic particles or of a particulate mixture of metallic particles and ceramic particles into the void spaces, and consolidating the container, structural elements and particles to form the microstructurally toughened composite article.

Abstract: A gasket or other sealing member containing intercalated graphite exhibits improved strength and safety properties and simplified manufacture. Such a gasket may be formed by filling a mold of the appropriate shape with intercalated graphite powder and applying sufficient pressure and heat to produce a coherent mass. The properties of an intercalated graphite gasket may be further improved by incorporating metal reinforcement, metal powders, organic polymers ceramic powders or even exfoliated graphite into the intercalated graphite gasket.

Abstract: An electric motor brush or other electrical contact fabricated with intercalated graphite exhibits improved electrical conductivity, strength and performance when compared with electrical brushes made with non-intercalated graphite or with carbon. Such contacts may be formed by filling a mold of the appropriate shape with intercalated graphite powder and applying sufficient pressure and heat to produce a coherent mass. The ability of intercalated graphite powder to be compacted in such a fashion leads to economic methods of manufacturing electrical contacts. The properties of these contacts may be further improved by the incorporation of metal powder, organic polymers or ceramic powders into the intercalated graphite prior to pressing.

Abstract: A capsule product and method for gradually releasing a medicament for absorption to a body of a warm blooded animal through the gastrointestinal system. The capsule has a fill material which includes a masticatory substance and a medicament that is dispersed throughout the gum. The medicament is of a type that is effectively and desirably released for absorption by the body through the gastrointestinal tract over an extended period of time. The masticatory substance forms a supporting cohesive matrix for the medicament. The gelatin shell, usually formed from gelatin, water, and a plasticizer, formed around the fill material into a capsule of a size and shape to be readily swallowable. Upon swallowing, the gelatin shell is rapidly dissolved in the gastrointestinal juices, while the fill material is substantially insoluble in the gastrointestinal juices.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cermet material comprising a matrix of aluminum alloy with ceramic particles distributed therein. The cermet is adapted for use as a semiconductor substrate and is manufactured using powder technology procedures. The cermet comprises from about 40 to about 60 volume % of aluminum or aluminum alloy, from an effective amount up to about 10 volume % of binder for enhancing bonding between the aluminum alloy and ceramic particles, and the balance essentially ceramic particles.

Abstract: A dry, pourable particulate mixture of nuclear waste and synthetic rock-forming components is produced by supplying the rock forming components in dry particulate form to a mixer, supplying the nuclear waste in liquid phase and operating the mixer to distribute the waste substantially uniformly through the synthetic rock components; the mixture is calcined to produce a precursor powder which is adapted to be used in a hot pressing process to form synthetic rock throughout which the radioactive nuclear waste is distributed and immobilized. A reducing gas atmosphere is preferably maintained in the calcining process stage, the gas being for example pure hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen in nitrogen in proportions which are non-explosive. A screw type or paddle type conveyor can be used for the mixing and calcining stages although the calcining can be effected in a vertically downwardly directed tube device having associated heating means such as microwave heating.

Abstract: In forming an article, such as a turbine blade, of metal powder, a container is first formed by electroplating a thin layer of metal over a pattern having a configuration which corresponds to the configuration of the article. The pattern is then removed to leave a container having a cavity with a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the article. The container is filled with metal powder and sealed. The container is then at least partially enclosed with a rigid body of fluid permeable material having inner side surface areas disposed in abutting engagement with the container. Heat and fluid pressure are transmitted through the rigid body to compact the container and metal powder. The fluid pressure causes the side walls of the container to move away from the inner side surfaces of the rigid body of fluid permeable material.

Abstract: A novel magnesium alloy consisting essentially of about 6 to 14 weight percent calcium, about 4 to 8 weight percent of copper or nickel, balance magnesium.There is also provided a process for producing a magnesium alloy article having improved properties which comprises the steps of providing a rapidly solidified product having the composition defined above and having a maximum average thickness of about 200 microns in at least one dimension, introducing the rapidly solidified product into a mold, and consolidating the rapidly solidified product to obtain a desired densification of the rapidly solidified product. Consolidation may be carried out by hot isostatic pressing (HIP'ing) the rapidly solidified product at a pressure of about 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of about 150.degree. to 350.degree. C. for a time sufficient to obtain the desired densification. Alternatively, consolidation may be accomplished by extrusion using the same temperature range, and an extrusion ratio of about 10:1 to 30:1.

Abstract: A rapidly-solidified aluminum alloy powder having a nominal composition of 7% Zn, 2.5% Mg, 2% Cu, 0.3% Zr, and 0.3% Cr is used to make a high forming-rate, superplastic, high-strength aluminum alloy. The powder is outgassed, consolidated, and extruded, thereby developing a wide range of particle size distribution of dispersoids in the process, containing respectively zirconium and chromium dispersoids, as well as age hardening precipitates. The consolidated powder is then rolled to 85% reduction to provide a sheet material which is superplastically formed at a temperature in the range of 450.degree. C. to 490.degree. C. and at a rate between 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 5.times.10.sup.-2 per second.

Abstract: A rapidly solidified magnesium based alloy contains finely dispersed magnesium intermetallic phases. The alloy has the form of a filament or a powder and is especially suited for consolidation into bulk shapes having superior combination of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing powder metallurgy (P/M) preforms which are conditioned for optimum intrinsic workability is described which comprises steps of heating a quantity of P/M material in a can to a first preselected temperature under vacuum to degas the material, compacting the canned material at a second preselected temperature under pressure to provide a compact of the material; or cold compacting the powder to about 75% density and degassing it at suitable temperature and then vacuum hot pressing the powder at about 0.

Abstract: A method for sintering a metal powder, a ceramic powder, or a mixture thereof accomplishes compact sintering of even a high melting substance by heating the powder at an elevated temperature for a short time under not less than 10,000 atmospheres of pressure. To attain the quick high-temperature heating under the ultrahigh pressure, a Thermit reaction is generated in an ultrahigh pressure generating apparatus which is provided with a gasket made of pyrophyllite and cylinders and anvils protected with heat insulators.For the purpose of preventing the Thermit reaction from inducing a reaction between the Thermit composition and the powder under treatment and the heater and ensuring electrical insulation of these components, barriers made of hexagonal boron nitride and/or tantalum are suitably disposed within the apparatus.

Abstract: Process for producing formed bodies with improved homogeneous properties, high resistance to oxidation and corrosion, great hardness and firmness, good mechanical workability, and high resistance to abrasion, made out of an initial power material which contains two elemental metals; or one or more alloys; or one or more elemental metals and one or more alloys; or a combination of one or more elemental metals and/or one or more alloys with one or more metalloids and/or one or more non-metallic substances, except for formed bodies made of NiTi, of Nb.sub.3 Sn, of stoichiometric, binary intermettalic yttrium-cobalt compounds and gadolinium-cobalt compounds, and of Ni.sub.60 Nb.sub.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for heating powder material charges to high temperatures at a fast rate, and for moving the charges through process operations, and for maintaining the temperatures of preheated charges and protecting the charges against contamination as they are moved through process operations.

Abstract: The weapon barrel comprises a liner and at least one jacket tube. The liner is made of a highly wear-resistant material, like a cobalt or nickel base alloy, and the jacket tube is made of a tough alloy, like steel. In the manufacturing process the liner material is packed into the jacket tube in the form of a powdery material which may be pre-pressed or pre-sintered. The packing is arranged such as to leave a central free space in the jacket tube, and the jacket tube may be surrounded by an encapsulating tube. The jacket tube or the encapsulating tube is closed either before or after evacuation, and the closed tube arrangement is subjected to a combined heat and pressure treatment at temperatures of at least 900.degree. C., but below the melting point of the relevant materials and at pressures of at least 900 bar. The compound body thus obtained is formed with a full-area metallic bond between the liner and the jacket tube.

Abstract: A refractory metal silicide sputtering target is made by reacting refractory metal and silicon to about 70 to 90% completion of the reaction, comminuting the material, and then vacuum hot pressing the comminuted material to a high density compact.

Abstract: Cermet body formed by reaction sintering at pressures ranging from subatmospheric to superatmospheric of admixed and shaped particulate exothermic reactants, which have maximum particle size substantially not greater than 150 .mu.m and can be elements, compounds, intermetallic compounds and/or alloys, in stoichiometric proportions to substantially form 40-95 mole percent of first phase or phases being boride, nitride, silicide, sulfide or combination thereof of one or more of the elements of Groups 2a, 3a exclusive of B, 4a, 2b, 3b including lanthanide and actinide series elements, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b and 8, and 5-60 mole percent of second phase or phases being metal, alloy, intermetallic compound or combination thereof of one or more of the elements of Groups 3a exclusive of B, 4a, 2b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, iron, cobalt and nickel, wherein the maximum grain size of the first phase or phases is substantially not greater than 10 .mu.m and which body contains 0 to 4 weight percent oxygen.

Abstract: A workpiece consisting of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy is produced by a powder-metallurgical process wherein an alloy containing 8 to 14% by weight Fe, 0.5 to 2% by weight V and 0.2 to 1% by weight Mn is melted, the melt is cooled in a gas stream at a rate of at least 10.sup.5 .degree.C/s and is atomized to form particles having a diameter of 1 to 40 .mu.m, whereupon the powder is consolidated a temperature of 350.degree. to 450.degree. C. at a pressure of 2000 to 6000 bar, to form a pressed article. In this process, the intermetallic compound Al.sub.6 Fe stabilized by Mn occurs in fine distribution. This dispersoid imparts high ductility and toughness to the grain.

Abstract: A valve-seat insert for internal combustion engines comprises a double-layered, sintered alloy composed of a valve-seat layer on which a valve is seated, and a base layer integrated with the valve-seat layer and adapted to be seated in a cylinder head of an engine. The valve-seat layer is composed of a sintered alloy of a high heat resistance and a high wear resistance having a composition comprising, by weight, 4 to 8% Co, 0.6 to 1.5% Cr, 4 to 8% Mo, 1 to 3% Ni, 0.3 to 1.5% C, 0.2 to 0.6% Ca, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, the additives, Co, Cr and Mo being present mainly in a form of a Co-Cr-Mo hard alloy and a hard Fe-Mo alloy dispersed in the Fe matrix. The base layer is composed of a sintered alloy of a higher heat resistance and a higher creep resistance than those of the valve-seat layer and having a composition comprising, by weight, 11 to 15% Cr, 0.4 to 2.0% Mo, 0.05 to 0.3% C, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: Loose metal particles, or a consolidated metal particle composition, of an aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about 5 to 13% zinc, 1 to 3.5% magnesium, 0.5 to 3.0% copper, with iron being present up to 0.5%, with silicon being present up to 0.4%, plus nickel or cobalt or both being present in an amount effective essentially to place the iron in the incoherent dispersoid Al.sub.9 (Fe,M).sub.2, M being nickel or cobalt or both, M being present up to 0.75%, plus means being present for forming coherent dispersoids, said means being present up to 1%, balance aluminum.

Abstract: A rapidly solidified aluminum-base alloy consists essentially of the formula Al.sub.bal Fe.sub.a Si.sub.b X.sub.c, wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, "a" ranges from 1.5 to 7.5 atom percent, "b" ranges from 0.75 to 9.0 atom percent, "c" ranges from 0.25 to 4.5 atom percent and the balance is aluminum plus incidental impurities, with the proviso that the ratio [Fe+X]:Si ranges from about 2.01:1 to 1.0:1. The alloy exhibits high strength, ductility and fracture toughness and is especially suited for use in high temperature structural applications such as gas turbine engines, missiles, airframes and landing wheels.

Abstract: A high strength structural member made of Al-alloy is essentially formed of a sintered body of Al-alloy powder containing Si and Fe in the proportion of 10.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.30 wt. % and 4.ltoreq.Fe.ltoreq.33 wt. %, and the surface layer of the sintered body is subjected to remelting-solidifying treatment with a high-density energy source such as a laser beam, a plasma arc, a TIG arc, etc. In the treated surface layer of the sintered body, grain sizes of Si crystal grains and precipitated intermetallic compound are reduced to 1 .mu.m or smaller, whereas in the base portion of the sintered body that is not subjected to the remelting-solidifying treatment, grain sizes of Si crystal grains and precipitated intermetallic compound are kept 10 .mu.m or smaller.

Abstract: Nitride dispersion strengthening of stainless steel or nickel-based alloys is achieved by mechanically alloying the constituents of the alloy together with a nitride former, such as titanium, and a nitrogen donor, such as chromium nitride, and heating the mechanically alloyed powder to dissociate the donor and combine the resulting nitride with the nitride former. The heating step may be carried out in the course of hot consolidating the powder, e.g. by extrusion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a superconducting wire, using, e.g., Chevrel phases as superconductors, in particular PbMo.sub.6 S.sub.8. Until now, it was not possible to produce superconducting wires from such materials in a technically usable quality. According to the process of the invention, the superconducting Chevrel phase is loaded vacuum-tight into a molybdenum shell and the unit is advantageously sealed in another jacket made of steel. The powdery superconducting phase has an average grain size of less than 1 .mu.m. For shaping the superconducting wire, the unit is extruded in a first process step at temperatures between 1000.degree. and 1600.degree. C. and reduced in cross section in excess of 1:10, and subsequently further treated in a plurality of process steps by additional extruding and/or hot drawing.

Abstract: A crushed powder metal workpiece preform is enclosed in a shell or envelope of a ceramic liquid die material and is inductively heated through the ceramic material and then transferred to a pressure vessel wherein the liquid die material is pressurized to provide a rapid omnidirectional compaction of the powder metal preform and thus a fused powder metal workpiece.

Abstract: Very fine grain metal billets are produced by loading alloy metal powder of desired composition into a metal extrusion container in successive layers of two or four inches deep. Each layer after loading is compacted by a high energy rate forming ram so as to introduce energy on the order of 3.times.10.sup.6 psi per layer and at least 18.times.10.sup.6 psi total. An inner plate is then loosely placed on the compacted powder. On top of the inner plate is placed a cover plate which is welded to the container. The filled container is then heated in a furnace to an extrusion temperature below the melting point of the alloy and is extruded in an extrusion press having a ratio of about 3:1 with a force of about 3,000 tons. The inner plate does not move at the same rate as the container and in effect is partially extruded against the powder so as to raise the density of the extruded billet to substantially 100% of its theoretical density.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sintering process. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for preparing a sintered form having a tungsten content which comprises the steps of:(a) sintering a porous form of pressed tungsten alloy powders having a high tungsten content in solid phase, and(b) heat treating the sintered part from step (a) in a liquid phase.

Abstract: A powder metallurgy consolidation process and apparatus for carrying out said process produces integral metal bodies by heating metal powder of a predetermined composition to a temperature sufficient to cause solid state interparticle bonding, while simultaneously maintaining a reactive fluid in contact with the metal powder. The metal powder is compacted to a density greater than 90% of the full theoretical density of the composition after the reactive fluid has been removed. The reactive fluid is selected to modify the powder particle surface chemistry in order to improve bondability and to obtain other properties as desired. Metal bodies which have been consolidated by the process are sufficiently dense to be mechanically hot worked and exhibit exceptionally low retained gas content.

Abstract: A cBN sintered compact for an end mill obtained by sintering mixed powder prepared by mixing about 35 to 50 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride powder smaller than about 2 .mu.m in average particle size with about 50 to 65 percent by volume of a binder under cBN-stable superhigh pressure conditions. The binder contains about 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al and one or more Ti compounds selected from a group of TiN.sub.z, Ti(C,N).sub.z, TiC.sub.z, (Ti,M)C.sub.z, (Ti,M) (C,N).sub.z and (Ti,M)N.sub.z (where M indicates a transition metal element of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti and z is within a range of about 0.7.ltoreq.z.ltoreq. about 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal alloy product having increased resistance to fatigue crack growth and having coarse grains distributed in a fine grain structure, the coarse grains having a different alloy composition from the fine grain structure.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for heating powder material charges to high temperatures at a fast rate, and for moving the charges through process operations, and for maintaining the temperatures of preheated charges and protecting the charges against contamination as they are moved through process operations.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a pressed powder body from at least two different kinds of ultrafine particles. Ultrafine particles of at least two different materials are uniformly mixed together and the mixture is sprayed onto an objective surface whereby the spray pressure causes the particles to adhere and form the pressed powder body. The apparatus includes mixing means, means for conveying the mixture of ultrafine particles, and a pressed powder body forming chamber including nozzle means for spraying the mixture of ultrafine particles, an objective surface and means for evacuating the chamber and introducing an inert gas therein.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of objects by consolidation of powdered metals, alloys, ceramics, or their mixtures is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of preparing a shaped, preferably ceramic, shell, placing it inside a metal or ceramic can, filling both the shell and space between the shell and the can with powder, outgassing and sealing the can if necessary, heating the full can and pressing it to consolidate the powder into a dense form; and separating the densified object within the shell from the densified shapes between the shell and the can. During pressing, the ceramic shell does not consolidate or bond to the surrounding powder, thus acting as an easy parting surface as well as being a shape defining container for the object being consolidated. The method permits easy definition of desired shell shape and permits manufacture of complex shaped, fully densified objects in near-net-shape form.

Abstract: A dispersion strengthened cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy produced by gas atomization containing a fine oxide dispersion, and characterized, after fabrication by gas atomization, thermomechanical processing and further high temperature exposure, by excellent corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength, high ductility and high temperature stability; a process for producing said alloy and prostheses formed from said alloy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of hot-forging in a forging press a cylindrical powdered metal preform to substantially full theoretical density to thereby produce a powdered metal part having a small inner bore wherein the core rod defining such bore is constructed so as to allow a continuous flow of a highly vaporizable liquid coolant such as nitrogen to the metal forming portion of the core rod and to thermally insulate the incoming coolant to assure its being maintained substantially unvaporized until being expelled to the core rod cooling chamber.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) body with improved thermal stability is disclosed which comprises a PCD body which has had at least one of its previously empty pores infiltrated by a silicon containing alloy. According to the process of the invention, a porous PCD body is obtained, preferably by acid leaching a PCD body which was formed in the presence of a metal catalyst such as cobalt. The porous PCD body is then surrounded by either the desired silicon containing alloy, or by the constituents of that alloy, each preferably in powdered form. The PCD body with its surrounding material is then heated and pressed to temperatures sufficient to melt the surrounding material (thereby forming the silicon alloy if not already formed) and to cause it to infiltrate into the pores. After the infiltration, it is preferred to remove the excess silicon containing alloy from the external surfaces of the PCD body, such as by an acid bath. It is also preferred to include several porous PCD bodies per process cycle.

Abstract: A refractory metal silicide sputtering target is made by reacting refractory metal and silicon to about 70 to 90% completion of the reaction, comminuting the material, and then vacuum hot pressing the comminuted material to a high density compact having a theoretical density greater than about 95 percent and forming the metal silicide.

Abstract: Fabrication of a high precision mirror using a discontinuous metal matrix mposite is described. A metal matrix composite (MMC) is obtained by using one of the three methods described herein or any other method. The MMC material so obtained is machined to form a mirror substrate which is then coated and the coating so obtained is converted into the mirror surface. The mirror so obtained has better characteristics over the conventional high precision beryllium mirrors used for this purpose and is fabricated out of a nontoxic material which is cheaper and more easily available than the beryllium metal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for consolidating loose or pre-compressed particulate materials, such as metal powder or metal flakes, in press equipment utilizing a reusable canister means that is sealed in vacuum from the atmosphere and heated prior to consolidation in the press equipment at elevated pressures and temperatures, thereby improving utilization of the press equipment.

Abstract: Particulate material is poured into a container which is decay and heat resistant, the container is sealed and subjected to axial compression at elevated temperature to cause densification of the material, there being an arrangement for preventing substantial radially outward deformation of the container during compression. An important application is to immobilization of nuclear reactor waste in a synthetic rock structure formed during the high temperature compression step, and advantageously the containers are secured within an outer metal cannister for subsequent safe handling and disposal. An important embodiment includes a bellows container which advantageously is upwardly pressed into an inverted metal cannister restrained by an upper abutment, the bellows container becoming an interference fit within the metal cannister during the final portion of compression, but the bellows container wall itself being substantially sufficient to prevent gross outward deformation of the bellows container.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy method for producing tubular product having at least one surface and preferably an internal surface thereof clad with an alloy different from and preferably more resistant to destructive media than the material from which the remainder of the tubing is constructed. An assembly is constructed of a metal tubing having an internal surface to be clad and a tubular insert mounted generally axially within the tubing in spaced-apart relation to the internal surface thereof, which provides a generally annular cavity between the internal surface of the tubing and the tubular insert. This cavity is filled with metal particles of a composition to be clad on the tubing internal surface. The cavity is sealed and the assembly is heated to an elevated temperature at which it is forged to compact the metal particles introduced to the cavity to substantially full density and metallurgically bond the particles to the internal surface of the tubing to provide a desired destructive-media resistant cladding.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy method and assembly for producing tubular product having at least one surface and preferably an interior surface thereof clad with an alloy different from and preferably more resistant to destructive media than the material from which the remainder of the tubing is constructed. An assembly is constructed of a metal tubing having an internal surface to be clad and a tubular insert mounted generally axially within the tubing in spaced-apart relation to the internal surface thereof, which provides a generally annular cavity between the internal surface of the tubing and the tubular insert. This cavity is filled with metal particles of a composition to be clad on the tubing internal surface. The cavity is sealed and the assembly is heated to an elevated temperature at which it is extruded to compact metal particles introduced to the cavity to substantially full density and metallurgically bonded the particles to the internal surface to provide a desired destructive-media resistant cladding.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cermet having high toughness and high hardness, which exhibits excellent impact resistance and wear resistance when used in cutting tools. A mixed powder is prepared which consists essentially of: titanium nitride, from 25 to 50 percent by weight; titanium carbide, from 10 to 30 percent by weight; at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, and zirconium carbide, from 5 to 25 percent by weight; tungsten carbide, from 10 to 25 percent by weight; and at least one selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni, and Al if required, from 7.5 to 25 percent by weight in total. The above mixed powder is compressed into a green compact. The green compact is sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere under a pressure within a range from 0.1 to 100 torr, and at a temperature within a range from 1400.degree. to 1550.degree. C.

Abstract: The method of forming a lining in the cavities of a body by application of powdered metal consolidated and bonded thereon by a hot isostatic pressing process. A space lining the cavities in the body is provided by tubular members, one intersecting with the other or in close spaced relation thereto, powdered metal fills the space, a vacuum is drawn on the space, the body is subjected to forming conditions and then the body cavities are machined to their final shape with such machining generally removing the tubular members.