Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for production and use of a casting mold for casting components. The casting mold comprises at least one casting mold frame made of metal and/or of an alloy, and also one or more ceramic casting mold inserts introduced into the at least one casting mold frame. The casting mold insert(s) have the negative contour or part of the negative contour of a component to be produced or of the combination of a component to be produced with one or more casting cores.

Abstract: A heat-resistant bearing material may include an austenitic iron matrix alloy having a proportion of sulphur sufficient to achieve a solid lubricating action on bearing surfaces of the heat-resistant bearing material. The iron matrix alloy may have a proportion of carbides to achieve a reduction of wear on bearing surfaces of the heat-resistant bearing material and a proportion of 1 to 6 percentage by weight of at least one alloying element including cobalt, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, hafnium, yttrium and zirconium. The iron matrix alloy may also include the following alloying elements: carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, sulphur, copper, nitrogen and iron.

Abstract: A cold work tool steel with average or above wear resistance, a hardness in excess of (60) HRc and a very good toughness but with considerably lower carbon contents leading to highly improved weldability is obtained by combining the presence of primary carbides (or alternatively nitrides and/or borides) with other strengthening mechanisms like precipitation hardening or even solid solution. Vanadium rich MC type carbides, modified with refractory metal additions, present the best compromise of hardness and fracture toughness for several applications, while for other applications harder carbides, such as Ti carbides or Ti mixed carbides (primarily with V, Mo and/or W) will be the preferred ones, alternatively using Zr and Hf mixed carbides.

Abstract: An improved shot sleeve for high pressure die casting of low-iron Aluminum Silicon alloys and a method of making the shot sleeve, the shot sleeve includes a top portion including a pouring hole and a bottom portion including an impingement site on an inner surface of the bottom portion opposite the pouring hole. The impingement site is constructed of an erosion resistant material. The erosion resistant material is selected from: titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, chromium vanadium, zirconium, hafnium or a secondary, tertiary or quaternary alloy formed from combination thereof. An erosion resistant insert located at an impingement site of a shot sleeve may accomplish the construction. The insert may be introduced into an internal surface of a conventional shot sleeve or replace a bottom portion of a conventional shot sleeve.

Abstract: An improved shot sleeve for high pressure die casting of low-iron Aluminum Silicon alloys and a method of making the shot sleeve, the shot sleeve includes a top portion including a pouring hole and a bottom portion including an impingement site on an inner surface of the bottom portion opposite the pouring hole. The impingement site is constructed of an erosion resistant material. The erosion resistant material is selected from: titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, vanadium, zirconiwn, hafnium or a secondary, tertiary or quaternary alloy formed from combination thereof. An erosion resistant insert located at an impingement site of a shot sleeve may accomplish the construction. The insert may be introduced into an internal surface of a conventional shot sleeve or replace a bottom portion of a conventional shot sleeve.

Abstract: Electrodes for depositing hardfacing alloys containing boron, carbon, chromium, manganese, and silicon on the surface of metal components that are subjected to high thermal and mechanical stresses. The deposited hardfacing alloys have from about 2.5 to about 14.0 atomic weight percent boron and have a hardness on the Rockwell “C” scale of at least about 65 HRC in the first layer of the weld deposit.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a metal cored wires, hardband alloys, and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment of the present invention, a hardbanding wire comprises from about from about 16% to about 30% by weight chromium; from about 4% to about 10% by weight nickel; from about 0.05% to about 0.8% by weight nitrogen; from about 1% to about 4% by weight manganese; from about 1% to about 4% by weight carbon from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight molybdenum; from about 0.25% to about 2% by weight silicon; and the remainder is iron including trace elements. The hardband alloy produced by the metal cored wire meets API magnetic permeability specifications and has improved metal to metal, adhesive wear resistance compared to conventional hardband alloys.

Abstract: A low-temperature stainless steel carburization method comprises steps: providing a stainless steel material; placing the stainless steel material in a halogen-free reducing environment and maintaining the stainless steel at a first temperature ranging 1,050 to 1,400° C.; and placing the stainless steel material in a carbon-bearing atmosphere and maintaining the stainless steel material at a second temperature lower than 600° C. to implant carbon atoms into the stainless steel material to form a carburized layer on the surface of the stainless steel material. A halide-bearing gas or solution is not to be applied to activate the passivation layer, so the fabrication cost would be reduced and the safety of carburization process would be enhanced. Besides, the environment can be prevented from halide pollution.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure and a method of forming an iron based glass forming honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure may include at least two sheets, each having a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.15 mm, formed from an iron based glass forming alloy comprising 40 to 68 atomic percent iron, 13 to 17 atomic percent nickel, 2 to 21 atomic percent cobalt, 12 to 19 atomic percent boron, optionally 0.1 to 6 atomic percent carbon, optionally 0.3 to 4 atomic percent silicon, optionally 1 to 20 percent chromium. The sheets may be stacked, bonded together and formed into a honeycomb. The honeycomb structure may include a plurality of cells.

Abstract: A casting of a white cast iron alloy and a method of producing the casting are disclosed. A white cast alloy is also disclosed. The casting has a solution treated microstructure that comprises a ferrous matrix of retained austenite and chromium carbides dispersed in the matrix, with the carbides comprising 15 to 60% volume fraction of the alloy. The matrix composition comprises: manganese: 8 to 20 wt %; carbon: 0.8 to 1.5 wt %; chromium: 5 to 15 wt %; and iron: balance (including incidental impurities).

Abstract: A master alloy used to produce the steel part and a process for producing a sinter hardened steel part from the master alloy are described. The powdered master alloy having a composition of iron, about 1 to less than 5 weight % C, about 3 to less than 15 weight % Mn, and about 3 to less than 15 weight % Cr, wherein the master alloy comprises a microstructure composed of a solid solution of the alloying elements and carbon, the microstructure comprising at least 10 volume % austenite and the remainder as iron compounds. The process comprises: preparing the master alloy, mixing the master alloy with a steel powder to produce a mixture wherein the weight % of the master alloy is from 5 to 35 weight % of the mixture, compacting the mixture into a shape of a part and sintering the mixture to produce the steel part, and controlling the cooling rate after sintering to produce sinter hardening. The master alloy powder can also be used as a sinter hardening enhancer when mixed with low-alloy steel powders.

Abstract: Provided are high manganese containing ferrous based components and their use in oil, gas and/or petrochemical applications. In one form, the components include 5 to 40 wt % manganese, 0.01 to 3.0 wt % carbon and the balance iron. The components may optionally include one or more alloying elements chosen from chromium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, copper, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen, boron and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A description is given of a temperature-stable cast-iron alloy having high wear resistance at temperatures between 500 and 900° C. The alloy is characterized in that it has the following composition expressed in weight percentages: chromium: 15.0-20.0%, carbon: 1.0-2.0%, manganese: 0.8-1.2%, silicon: 1.2-1.5%, nickel: 1.5-2.5%, balance iron and unavoidable metallic and non-metallic contaminants where the non-metallic contaminants comprise nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulphur. Hereby is obtained a cast-iron alloy which has a higher wear resistance and a reduced tendency to form the undesirable sigma phase when heated to temperatures between 500 and 900° C. as compared to the known allows.

Abstract: A welding material, to be used for welding a base metal made of an austenitic alloy comprising C?2.0%, Si?4.0%, Mn: 0.01 to 3.0%, P: more than 0.03% to not more 0.3%, S?0.03%, Cr: 12 to 35%, Ni: 6 to 80%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 1% and N?0.3%, with the balance being Fe and impurities to a base metal made of another austenitic alloy, which comprises C: more than 0.3% to 3.0%, Si?4.0%, Mn?3.0%, P?0.03%, S?0.03%, Cr: more than 22% to 55%, Ni: more than 30% to not more than 70%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 1% and N?0.3%, with the balance being Fe and impurities can suppress the weld solidification cracking which occurs in an austenitic alloy having a high P content and showing fully austenitic solidification. Therefore, the said welding material can be widely used in such fields where a welding fabrication is required. The said welding material may contain a specific amount or amounts of one or more elements selected from Cu, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, Co, B, Ca, Mg and REM.

Abstract: A method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of boron, carbon, silicon and phosphorus. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness of greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The metal strip and the powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from two to seven additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: A welding material, to be used for welding a base metal made of an austenitic alloy comprising C?2.0%, Si?4.0%, Mn: 0.01 to 3.0%, P: more than 0.03% to not more 0.3%, S?0.03%, Cr: 12 to 35%, Ni: 6 to 80%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 1% and N?0.3%, with the balance being Fe and impurities to a base metal made of another austenitic alloy, which comprises C: more than 0.3% to 3.0%, Si?4.0%, Mn?3.0%, P?0.03%, S?0.03%, Cr: more than 22% to 55%, Ni: more than 30% to not more than 70%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 1% and N?0.3%, with the balance being Fe and impurities can suppress the weld solidification cracking which occurs in an austenitic alloy having a high P content and showing fully austenitic solidification. Therefore, the said welding material can be widely used in such fields where a welding fabrication is required. The said welding material may contain a specific amount or amounts of one or more elements selected from Cu, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, Co, B, Ca, Mg and REM.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material capable of improving seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance is provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a martensite parent phase which forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.5 wt %, and the martensite parent phase contains one or more types of each special carbide of Cr, Mo, W and V dispersed therein in a total content of 10 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to wear-resistant components for internal combustion engines, particularly piston rings, that feature a wear protection layer with iron base alloy on their surface that is subjected to wear and are characterized in that the components are manufactured of a coating powder by means of high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF) and the coating is single-phase, wherein the proportions of the elements Fe, Cr, B and C in the wear protection layer are 45-75 wt.-% Fe, 15-40 wt.-% Cr, 1-10 wt.-% B and 0.1-5 wt.-% C. The present invention furthermore pertains to a method for manufacturing wear-resistant components for internal combustion engines, particularly piston rings, according to the present invention.

Abstract: A refiner or disperser blade is made of a steel alloy by casting. The alloy comprises, in weight percent: 0.6 to 4 wt-% carbon (C), 0.5 to 1.5 wt-% silicon (Si), 0.4 to 1.5 wt-% manganese (Mn), 12 to 28 wt-% chromium (Cr), 4 to 12 wt-% niobium (Nb), as well as iron (Fe).

Abstract: To provide a high-performance, inexpensive low C-high Si-high Cr—B—Nb type iron-based corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant alloy that is extremely superior in corrosion resistance and wear resistance to 304 stainless steel, high-chromium cast iron and high carbon-high chromium cast-iron-type materials, has a high corrosion-resistant property that would never be obtained from a high carbon-high chromium carbide precipitation-type iron-based wear-resistant alloy and at the same time, a wear-resistant property that is superior to these metals, and further hardly causes brittle peeling that is inherent to high Si—containing steel. This alloy contains, all percentages by weight, C: 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, Si: 2.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 0 to 10% or less, Cr: 15% to 31%, Ni: 0 to 16%, Cu: 7% or less, Mo: 10% or less, B: 0.5% to 3.5%, and 0?Nb+V?8%, and in this structure, within a range of 15% Cr?Cr<27%, (Si×B)?2014/Cr2+0.083Cr+1.05 is satisfied, within a range of 27%?Cr?31%, 1.25%?(Si×B) 6.

Abstract: The present invention provides tough cast iron and cast iron semi-finished products excellent in workability without heat treatment requiring massive heat energy and long time and a method of production enabling these to be efficiently produced, that is, cast iron of ingredients of white cast iron where particles of spheroidal graphite or flattened graphite are dispersed, cast iron where the ingredients of the white cast iron satisfy, by wt %, (% C)?4.3?(% Si)÷3 and C?1.7% and where the particles of spheroidal graphite are dispersed at a density of 50 particles/mm2 or more, or cast iron where the particles of flattened graphite have a width of 0.4 mm or less and a length of 50 mm or less.

Abstract: A description is given of a temperature-stable cast-iron alloy having high wear resistance at temperatures between 500 and 900° C. The alloy is characterized in that it has the following composition expressed in weight percentages: chromium: 15.0-20.0%, carbon: 1.0-2.0%, manganese: 0.8-1.2%, silicon: 1.2-1.5%, nickel: 1.5-2.5%, balance iron and unavoidable metallic and non-metallic contaminants where the non-metallic contaminants comprise nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulphur. Hereby is obtained a cast-iron alloy which has a higher wear resistance and a reduced tendency to form the undesirable sigma phase when heated to temperatures between 500 and 900° C. as compared to the known allows.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material capable of improving seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance is provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a martensite parent phase which forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.5 wt %, and the martensite parent phase contains one or more types of each special carbide of Cr, Mo, W and V dispersed therein in a total content of 10 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: A wear resistant, high chromium white iron, in an unheat-treated condition has a microstructure substantially comprising austenite and M7C3 carbides. The white iron contains at least one martensite promoter and at least one austenite stabiliser which are present at respective levels to achieve a balance between their effects whereby the white iron has a microstructure characterised by at least one of: i) being substantially free of martensite at interfaces between the austenite and M7C3 carbides; and ii) having a relatively low level of interconnectivity between carbide particles; such that the white iron is substantially crack-free. The white iron may be as-cast or comprise weld deposited hardfacing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a corrosion and erosion resistant High Chromium, Nitrogen bearing alloy, comprising the following composition in wt. %: 28-48 chromium, 0.01-0.7 nitrogen, 0.5-30 manganese, 0.01-5 boron, 0.3-2.5 carbon, up to 0.01-25 cobalt plus nickel, up to 0.01-5 silicon, up to 0.01-8 copper, up to 0.01-6 molybdenum, up to 2% of each one selected from group consisting of zirconium, vanadium, cerium, titanium, tungsten, niobium, aluminum, calcium, and rare earth elements with the balance being essentially iron and other trace elements or inevitable impurities. The alloy has a microstructure comprising hypoeutectic, eutectic, chromium carbides, boride and nitrides in the austenitic matrix, saturated with nitrogen with virtually no secondary carbides and nitrides.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The strip and powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from 2-7 additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: An overlaying alloy containing no Cr or a reduced amount of Cr, in which an effective amount of Mo oxide is formed even in a weak oxidizing atmosphere such as a combustion atmosphere of diesel engines and engines using CNG, LPG or other gases as a fuel to provide an improved non-damaging property and wear resistance. An overlaying alloy comprising 20-70 wt % Mo, 0.5-3 wt % C, 5-40 wt % Ni, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, which contains no Cr to facilitate formation of Mo oxide and is advantageously applied to the parts on which an oxide coating is not easily formed such as the engine parts subject to a lower temperature combustion atmosphere. An overlaying alloy comprising 20-60 wt % Mo, 0.2-3 wt % C, 5-40 wt % Ni, 0.1-10 wt % Cr, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, which contains a small amount of Cr to control formation of Mo oxide and is advantageously applied to the parts on which an oxide coating is relatively easily formed.

Abstract: A bearing component for use in anti-friction bearings as a bearing ring or rolling member is made from a steel comprising 0.6 to 0.8 wt. % of C, 0.05 to 0.25 wt. % of Si, 0.2 to 0.9 wt. % of Mn, 0.4 to 1.2 wt. % of Cr, one or both of 0.10 to 0.30 wt. % of Mo and 0.03 to 0.10 wt. % of V, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel as hardened and tempered contains carbide having a maximum particle size of up to 1.5 .mu.m, and the amount of the carbide is 2 to 7% in area ratio. The steel therefore has improved cold workability, providing bearing components of a prolonged rolling fatigue life at a reduced cost.

Abstract: A chromium nickel silicon stainless steel alloy with improved wear resistance consists of, in weight percent, 19 to 22 chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 silicon, 1.7 to 2.0 carbon, 8.0 to 9.0 niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 titanium and the balance iron plus impurities. The addition of titanium and increased amounts of niobium and silicon alter the microstructure of the stainless steel to form a duplex austenitic/ferritic microstructure which undergoes secondary hardening due to the formation of an iron silicon intermetallic phase.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing ferrochromium having a carbon content ranging from about 0.02 to about 10 weight percent includes providing a mixture comprised of iron-containing chromium ore, coal, and at least one slag former selected from each of a slag former of group (a) and a slag former of group (b), wherein the slag former of group (a) is selected from the group consisting of CaO and MgO, wherein the slag former of group (b) is selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2, and wherein the mixture has an ore or coal ratio ranging from 1:0.4 to 1:2. The mixture is heated in a rotary furnace for a period ranging from 20 to 240 minutes in a CO-containing atmosphere and at a temperature ranging from 1480.degree. to 1580.degree. C. to provide a reaction product.

Abstract: A super hard high-speed tool steel having a composition satisfying the condition of 0.ltoreq.C-Ceq.ltoreq.0.6 (where Ceq=0.06Cr+0.033 W+0.063 Mo+0.2 V within the range of 1.7.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.4.1%, the composition containing 3 to 10% of Cr, 1 to 20% of W, 1 to 15% of Mo (where 18.ltoreq.W+2Mo.ltoreq.40), 1 to 15% of V, not greater than 15% of Co, not greater than 2% of Si, not greater than 1% of Mn, and the balance substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, the steel further containing in uniformly dispersed state 2 to 12% in total of one, two or more selected from a group consisting of nitrides, carbides and carbonitrides of Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta in the composition. This tool steel exhibits a distinguished hardness of HRC 71 or higher, as well as toughness.

Abstract: This invention relates to cast iron and more particularly to the improvement in the toughness and abrasive resistance of white cast iron along with a significant increase in tensile strength. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new white cast iron composition and a process for producing such cast iron having improved toughness, ductility and tensile strength while retaining desirable abrasive resistance through modification of the carbide morphology.

Abstract: A process for the production of ferrochromium from iron-containing chromium ores, in which the reduction of the ore, which is mixed with coal and slag-forming constituents, is conducted in a rotary kiln at 1480.degree. to 1580.degree. C. in the presence of a CO-containing atmosphere from 20 to 240 minutes, and in which melting follows in a melting furnace at 1600.degree. to 1700.degree. C. By this process, the greatest part of the gangue of the ore can be separated off before melting the reduced ore.