Abstract: A brake disk for a wheel brake of a land vehicle includes a main body formed from gray cast iron. The main body has at least one axial friction side, at least one anti-corrosion layer applied to the axial friction side, and at least one anti-abrasion layer applied to the anti-corrosion layer. The anti-corrosion layer is a duplex steel layer that provides a cost-effective coating for the brake disk and enables improved corrosion resistance. The anti-abrasion layer is wear resistant and is provided by a SiC material containing at least one oxidic or metallic binder, or by an iron-based alloy having a vanadium carbide reinforcement, a niobium carbide reinforcement, a boron carbide reinforcement, a chromium carbide reinforcement or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is grey cast iron having an excellent durability and comprising carbon (C) in an amount of about 2.6 to 3.2 wt %, copper (Cu) in an amount of about 0.7 to 0.9 wt %, phosphorus (P) in an amount of about 0.4 to 0.7 wt %, molybdenum (Mo) in an amount of about 0.2 to 0.4 wt %, tin (Sn) in an amount of about 0.02 to 0.08 wt %, and a balance of iron (Fe) and trace amounts of unavoidable impurities, and a method for production thereof. The present invention improves tensile strength, fatigue strength, and the like and further reduces friction coefficient of the grey cast iron as compared with a conventional material. The grey cast iron has an excellent durability and provides a cost reduction of about 10% or more as compared with a conventional material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cast iron material with lamellar graphite formation. It further relates to a motor vehicle part made of the cast iron material. In order to create a ferritic cast iron material having a higher thermal conductivity, it is proposed according to the invention that, in addition to Fe, the cast iron material contains 3.9 to 4.2 wt. % C, 0.3 to 0.9 wt. % Si and 2.0 to 7 wt. % Al. It has been demonstrated within the scope of the invention that not only the thermal conductivity but also the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material are increased in comparison to known cast iron materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cast-iron alloy comprising (in wt %) C: 3.0-3.5 Si: 4.1-4.8 Mn: ?0.4 Mg: 0.02-0.08 Cr: 0.4-1.0 Cu: ?0.15 Mo: 0.8-1.2 P: <0.05 S: <0.015 the remainder comprising Fe and any impurities. The invention relates also to an exhaust-conducting component for truck engines which comprises the alloy according to the invention.

Abstract: A spheriodal cast alloy for producing cast iron products with great mechanical strength, high-wear resistance and a high degree of ductility. The alloy comprises the following as non-iron components: between 2.5 and 2.8 wt. % C, between 2.4 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.08 wt. % P, between 0.02 and 0.06 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.05 wt. % Cr, between 0.002 and 0.02 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.015 wt. % S, between 0.0002 and 0.002 wt. % B and conventional impurities. The alloy contains between 3.0 and 3.7 wt. % C, between 2.6 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.05 wt. % P, between 0.025 and 0.045 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.03 wt. % Cr, between 0.003 and 0.017 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.012 wt. % S and between 0.0004 and 0.002 wt. % B. The alloy is used for example to produce chassis parts or brake discs in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A compacted graphite iron having composition comprising: Fe as a major ingredient, C: of about 3.4˜4.2 wt %, Si: of about 1.5˜2.5 wt %, P: 0.10 wt % or less (not including 0), S: of about 0.10 wt % or less (not including 0), Cr: of about 0.10 wt % or less (not including 0), Mn: of about 0.1˜0.6 wt %, Cu: of about 0.2˜1.6 wt %, Sn: of about 0.1 wt % or less (not including 0), Mg: of about 0.05 wt % or less (not including 0), Mo: of about 0.05˜0.5 wt %, at least one ingredient of V: of about 0.05˜0.5 wt % and Ti: of about 0.05˜0.5 wt %, and other inevitable impurities; an engine cylinder head; and a vehicle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of a casting comprises: pouring molten material into a mould for forming the casting; allowing the molten material to solidify; removing the mould at least in part from the resulting solidified casting; and locating the solidified casting in a chamber 10 that completely surrounds and facilitates a controlled rate of cooling of the casting.

Abstract: Known cast iron alloys have use limits in respect of the temperature. An alloy (in a weight percentage) including silicon 2.0%-4.5%, carbon 2.9%-4.0%, niobium 0.05%-0.7%, molybdenum 0.3%-1.5%, optionally cobalt 0.1%-2.0%, manganese?0.3%, nickel?0.5%, magnesium?0.07%, phosphorus?0.05%, sulphur?0.012%, chromium?0.1%, antimony?0.004%, and, iron, is provided.

Abstract: Provided are a small wire-wound inductor having desired inductor characteristics, while allowing for high-density mounting and low-height mounting on circuit boards at the same time, as well as a method for manufacturing such wire-wound inductor which has a drum-shaped core member constituted by an assembly of soft magnetic alloy grains containing iron (Fe), silicon (Si) and 2 to 15 percent by weight of chromium (Cr), a coil conductive wire wound around the core member, a pair of terminal electrodes connected to the terminals of the coil conductive wire, and an outer sheath member covering the wound coil conductive wire and constituted by a magnetic powder-containing resin having a specified magnetic permeation ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grey iron alloy having (in wt %): C: <4.2% Si: <1.30% Mn: 0.4?0.8% Nb: 0.05?0.4% Cr: <0.4% Cu: <0.7% V+Ti+Mo: <0.4% P: <0.05% S: <0.1% the remainder having Fe and naturally occurring impurities, and the degree of saturation Sc, expressed as % C/(4.26?0.317*(% Si)+0.027(% Mn)?0.3(% P))>1.

Abstract: Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron includes: 3.1 to 3.5 percent by mass of carbon; 4.1 to 4.5 percent by mass of silicon; 0.8 percent by mass or below of manganese; 0.1 to 0.6 percent by mass of molybdenum; 0.1 to 1.0 percent by mass of chromium; 0.03 to 0.1 percent by mass of phosphorus; 0.03 percent by mass or below of sulfur; 0.02 to 0.15 percent by mass of magnesium; and iron.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material and sliding member having improved seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance are provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a parent phase taking the form of at least either one of a ferrite phase or a martensite phase, wherein the parent phase contains Al of 1.5 to 20 wt %, and at least either carbide, which may be selected from one or more types, of cementite, Cr7C3-type carbide, Fe3M3C-type carbide and MC-type carbide, or graphite is dispersed therein.

Abstract: A nodular graphite, heat-resistant cast iron composition for use in engine systems. The composition contains carbon 1.5-2.4 weight %, silicon 5.4-7.0 weight %, manganese 0.5-1.5 weight %, nickel 22.0-28.0 weight %, chromium 1.5-3.0 weight %, molybdenum 0.1-1.0 weight %, magnesium 0.03-0.1 weight %, and a balance weight % being substantially iron. The composition has an austenitic matrix. Additionally, the composition exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature and excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures. Thus, the composition can be a lower cost substitute material for Ni-Resist D5S under thermocycling conditions experienced by exhaust gas accessories and housings such as engine exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and catalytic converter housings.

Abstract: A nodular graphite cast iron, a method for fabricating a vane for a rotary compressor using nodular graphite cast iron, and a vane for a rotary compressor using the same are provided. The nodular graphite cast iron includes 3.4 wt % to 3.9 wt % of carbon (C), 2.0 wt % to 3.0 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.3 wt % to 1.0 wt % of manganese (Mn), 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt % of chromium (Cr), 0.04 wt % to 0.15 wt % of titanium (Ti), less than 0.08 w% of phosphorus (P), less than 0.025 wt % of sulphur (S), 0.03 wt % to 0.05 wt % of magnesium (Mg), 0.02 wt % to 0.04 wt % of rare earth resource, iron (Fe) and impurities as the remnants, and includes a bainite matrix structure, nodular graphite, and 15 vol % to 35 vol % of carbide.

Abstract: An alloy cast iron, a method of manufacturing a vane for a rotary compressor, and a vane for a rotary compressor using the alloy cast iron are disclosed. The alloy cast iron according to one exemplary embodiment includes, by weight, 3.2 to 3.8% carbon, 2.0 to 2.6% silicon, 0.5 to 1.0% Manganese, 0.2 to 0.6% chrome, 0.1 to 0.6% molybdenum, 0.04 to 0.15% titanium, less than 0.3% phosphorus, less than 0.1% sulphur, and the rest percentage of iron and foreign materials, wherein the alloy cast iron includes a martensitic matrix structure, flake graphite, and 15 to 30% carbide in volume ratio.

Abstract: A master alloy used to produce the steel part and a process for producing a sinter hardened steel part from the master alloy are described. The powdered master alloy having a composition of iron, about 1 to less than 5 weight % C, about 3 to less than 15 weight % Mn, and about 3 to less than 15 weight % Cr, wherein the master alloy comprises a microstructure composed of a solid solution of the alloying elements and carbon, the microstructure comprising at least 10 volume % austenite and the remainder as iron compounds. The process comprises: preparing the master alloy, mixing the master alloy with a steel powder to produce a mixture wherein the weight % of the master alloy is from 5 to 35 weight % of the mixture, compacting the mixture into a shape of a part and sintering the mixture to produce the steel part, and controlling the cooling rate after sintering to produce sinter hardening. The master alloy powder can also be used as a sinter hardening enhancer when mixed with low-alloy steel powders.

Abstract: The invention provides a flake graphite cast iron being highly strong and excellent in workability such as cutting performance, which is suitable for use, for example, in internal combustion engine parts and the like, and a production method thereof without using a misch metal. Specifically, the flake graphite cast iron according to the invention includes an A-type graphite with a uniformly and disorderly distributed existence form without directionality; and has a chemical composition containing 2.8 to 4.0 mass % of C, 1.2 to 3.0 mass % of Si, 1.1 to 3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.6 mass % of P, 0.01 to 0.30 mass % of S and the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the ratio (Mn/S) of the Mn content to the S content is within a range of 3 to 300.

Abstract: Provided are high manganese containing ferrous based components and their use in oil, gas and/or petrochemical applications. In one form, the components include 5 to 40 wt % manganese, 0.01 to 3.0 wt % carbon and the balance iron. The components may optionally include one or more alloying elements chosen from chromium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, copper, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen, boron and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A wear resistant, high chromium white iron, in an unheat-treated condition has a microstructure substantially comprising austenite and M7C3 carbides. The white iron contains at least one martensite promoter and at least one austenite stabilizer which are present at respective levels to achieve a balance between their effects whereby the white iron has a microstructure characterized by at least one of: i) being substantially free of martensite at interfaces between the austenite and M7C3 carbides; and ii) having a relatively low level of interconnectivity between carbide particles; such that the white iron is substantially crack-free. The white iron may be as-cast or comprise weld deposited hardfacing.

Abstract: The object of the present application is to define an alloy, which presents the mechanical and physical properties of the gray iron alloy, with a wide interface range of the CGI's tensile strength. This new alloy, flake graphite based, is a High Performance Iron (HPI) alloy. Therefore, besides its high tensile strength, the HPI alloy presents excellent machinability, damping vibration, thermal conductivity, low shrink tendency and good microstructure stability (compatible with gray iron alloys). Said HPI's characteristics are obtained by a specific interaction among five metallurgical fundaments: chemical analysis; oxidation of the liquid metal; nucleation of the liquid metal; eutectic solidification and eutectoidic solidification.

Abstract: The object of this application defines a new alloy which presents at the same time the mechanical and physical properties of the gray iron alloy, i.e., excellent machinability, damping vibration, thermal conductivity, low shrink tendency and good microstructure stability, together with a wide interface range of the CGI tensile strength.

Abstract: A ductile iron having superior high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures exceeding 800° C. compared with conventional high Si and Mo ductile iron. The ductile iron comprises, in terms of mass ratio, carbon: 2.0 to 4.0%, silicon: 3.5 to 5.0%, manganese: not more than 1.0%, chromium: 0.1 to 1.0%, molybdenum: 0.2 to 2.0%, vanadium: 0.1 to 1.0%, and magnesium: 0.02 to 0.1%, with the remainder being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A lamellar graphite cast iron alloy is described which, as additives, has 2.80% by weight-3.60% by weight carbon (C), 1.00% by weight-1.70% by weight silicon (Si), 0.10% by weight-1.20% by weight manganese (Mn), 0.03% by weight-0.15% by weight sulphur (S), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight chromium (Cr), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight molybdenum (Mo), 0.05% by weight-0.20% by weight tin (Sn) and the usual impurities, and also described is a cylinder head which can be obtained therefrom.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material capable of improving seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance is provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a martensite parent phase which forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.5 wt %, and the martensite parent phase contains one or more types of each special carbide of Cr, Mo, W and V dispersed therein in a total content of 10 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: A cast article of a ductile iron wherein the ductile iron includes carbon from about 2.8 to 3.7 w/o, silicon from about 3.0 to 3.5 w/o, molybdenum from 0.8 to 1.5 w/o, magnesium from about 0.025 to 0.60 w/o, sulfur less than 0.01 w/o and nickel from about 0.0 to 1.3 w/o, the remaining content being iron is provided. The cast article is suitable for a gas turbine casing. A method of manufacturing a cast article is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of making ferritic ductile iron castings (60-40-18) with high toughness (6 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at ?20 F and 10 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at +72 F), without adding Nickel and without annealing.

Abstract: An as-cast carbidic ductile iron is provided, having a pearlitic matrix with 5-50% by volume carbides and high wear resistance properties. The as-cast carbidic ductile iron is produced without an austempering heat treatment step. The as-cast carbidic ductile iron preferably includes a carbide stabilizing element and a spheroidizing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides a flake graphite cast iron being highly strong and excellent in workability such as cutting performance, which is suitable for use, for example, in internal combustion engine parts and the like, and a production method thereof without using a misch metal. Specifically, the flake graphite cast iron according to the invention includes an A-type graphite with a uniformly and disorderly distributed existence form without directionality; and has a chemical composition containing 2.8 to 4.0 mass % of C, 1.2 to 3.0 mass % of Si, 1.1 to 3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.6 mass % of P, 0.01 to 0.30 mass % of S and the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the ratio (Mn/S) of the Mn content to the S content is within a range of 3 to 300.

Abstract: The present invention provides tough cast iron and cast iron semi-finished products excellent in workability without heat treatment requiring massive heat energy and long time and a method of production enabling these to be efficiently produced, that is, cast iron of ingredients of white cast iron where particles of spheroidal graphite or flattened graphite are dispersed, cast iron where the ingredients of the white cast iron satisfy, by wt %, (% C)?4.3?(% Si)÷3 and C?1.7% and where the particles of spheroidal graphite are dispersed at a density of 50 particles/mm2 or more, or cast iron where the particles of flattened graphite have a width of 0.4 mm or less and a length of 50 mm or less.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of a casting comprises: —pouring molten material into a mould for forming the casting; —allowing the molten material to solidify; —removing the mould at least in part from the resulting solidified casting; and —locating the solidified casting in a chamber (10) that completely surrounds and facilitates a controlled rate of cooling of the casting.

Abstract: A wear resistant, high chromium white iron, in an unheat-treated condition has a microstructure substantially comprising austenite and M7C3 carbides. The white iron contains at least one martensite promoter and at least one austenite stabiliser which are present at respective levels to achieve a balance between their effects whereby the white iron has a microstructure characterised by at least one of: i) being substantially free of martensite at interfaces between the austenite and M7C3 carbides; and ii) having a relatively low level of interconnectivity between carbide particles; such that the white iron is substantially crack-free. The white iron may be as-cast or comprise weld deposited hardfacing.

Abstract: A powder metal steel alloy composition for high wear and temperature applications is made by water atomizing a molten steel alloy composition containing C in an amount of at least 3.0 wt %; at least one carbide-forming alloy element selected from the group consisting of: Cr, V, Mo or W; an O content less than about 0.5 wt %, and the balance comprising essentially Fe apart from incidental impurities. The high carbon content reduces the solubility of oxygen in the melt and thus lowers the oxygen content to a level below which would cause the carbide-forming element(s) to oxidixe during water atomization. The alloy elements are thus not tied up as oxides and are available to rapidly and readily form carbides in a subsequent sintering stage. The carbon, present in excess, is also available for diffusing into one or more other admixed powders that may be added to the prealloyed powder during sintering to control microstructure and properties of the final part.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of making ferritic ductile iron castings (60-40-18) with high toughness (6 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at ?20 F and 10 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at +72 F), without adding Nickel and without annealing.

Abstract: A submerged pot roll and other articles for use in galvanizing baths including a metallurgically bonded superalloy cladding layer on a steel core layer. The cladding layer improves the corrosion resistance and dross buildup of the article and improves service life while reducing costs.

Abstract: A nodular, compacted graphite or other hybrid or duplex graphite morphology cast high silicon iron is disclosed which contains up to 1.5% tungsten, up to 0.8% vanadium, and up to 1.2% niobium; and at least 60.0% iron, all percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. This cast iron exhibits high strength and good ductility over a wide temperature range compared to the conventional SiMo ductile iron. The compositions may further contain, up to 1.5% molybdenum and up to 1.0% chromium to offer improvements in material strength. The compositions may include 0.2 to 0.5% by weight aluminum and up to 1.2% chromium for further oxidation resistance and 0.5 to 5.0% nickel for corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ferritic heat-resistant cast iron comprising 5.0˜7.0 weight % of Silicon (Si) to improve oxidation resistance of the cast iron and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A gray cast iron member includes 2.2–2.8 weight % C, 2.3–3.5 weight % Si, 0.2–0.8 weight % Mn, up to 0.1 weight % P, up to 0.15 weight % S, 0.6–1.4 weight % Cu, up to 0.5 weight % Mo, up to 0.3 weight % Cr, and the balance substantially Fe, Si/C being 0.95 or more, (Si/C)/Cu being up to 1.5. Preferably, it further includes at least one of Ni, Sn, V, Sb and N each in an amount of up to 0.3 weight %.

Abstract: Refining elements for refining discs for disc refiners for the manufacture of mechanical pulp are disclosed, having improved wear resistance by utilizing alloys with precipitated carbides. An improved service life is obtained with a refining disk having the following analysis in % by weight: 2.96 C, 0.77 Si, 0.82 Mn, 24.2 Cr, 5.16 v, 0.04 Ni, 0.03 Mo, and the reminder Fe and impurities. After casting, the refining segments are hardened and annealed and assume a hardness of 57-63 HRC.

Abstract: The invention provides a cast iron alloy comprising 3.0-3.8% carbon, 06-25% silicon, 0.2-0.65% manganese, 0.01-0.1% tin, <0.025% sulfur, 0.001-0.020% magnesium, 0.1-1.2% copper, 0.04-0.2% chromium, and balance up to 100% of iron and incidental impurities. The matrix structure is a continously variable ferrite/pearlite mixture and the content of carbides is less than 1%. The graphite shape of the alloy is 1 50% flake graphite, 50-99% compacted graphite and at most 10% spheroidal graphite. Such an alloy is easier to machine and less prone to shrinkage than an ordinary compacted graphite cast iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stainless spheroidal carbide cast iron material is such: comprises iron (Fe) as its main component, C 0.6˜4.0% and V 4˜15% as its necessary components, P 0.01˜0.15%, S 0.01˜0.05% Al 0.05˜1.0%, and Mg 0.01˜0.2% as gas (hydrogen) bubble assistants, and Si 0.2˜4.5%, Cr 13˜30%, Mn 0.2˜3.0%, and Ni and/or Co 4˜15% as anticorrosion matrix formers, and according to the case of necessary, alloy elements 0.1˜1.

Abstract: The invention provides a cast iron alloy comprising 3.0-3.8% carbon, 06-25% silicon, 0.2-0.65% manganese, 0.01-0.1% tin, <0.025% sulfur, 0.001-0.020% magnesium, 0.1-1.2% copper, 0.04-0.2% chromium, and balance up to 100% of iron and incidental impurities. The matrix structure is a continously variable ferrite/pearlite mixture and the content of carbides is less than 1%. The graphite shape of the alloy is 1 50% flake graphite, 50-99% compacted graphite and at most 10% spheroidal graphite. Such an alloy is easier to machine and less prone to shrinkage than an ordinary compacted graphite cast iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stainless spheroidal carbide cast iron is such: comprises Fe as its main component;, C 0.6˜4.0% and V 4˜15% as its necessary components, P 0.01˜0.15%, S 0.01˜0.05%, and Al 0.05˜1.0% as bubble assistants, and Ni 4˜15%, Si 0.2˜4.5%, Cr 13˜30%, and Mn 0.2˜1.5% as anticorrosion matrix formers in weight %; produced by the process that minute spheroidal space of gas (hydrogen) bubble is dispersed substantially equally into molten metal positively by high temperature melting at 1950˜2073 K which is the bubbling reaction temperature, and spheroidal vanadium carbide of a covalent bond is crystallized inside of the spheroidal space, which has special characteristics such as corrosion-resistance, heat-resistance, abrasion-resistance, toughness and processing ability.

Abstract: A steel material which is manufactured in a non-powder metallurgical way, comprising production of ingots or castings from a melt, consists of an alloy having the following chemical composition in weight-% Carbon: 2.0-4.3%, Silicon: 0.1-2.0%, Manganese: 0.1-2.0%, Chromium: 5.6-8.5%, Nickel: max. 1.0%, Molybdenum: 1.7-3%, wherein Mo completely or partly can be replaced by double the amount of W, Niobium: max. 2.0%, Vanadium: 6.5-15%, wherein V partly can be replaced by double amount of Nb up to max. 2% Nb, Nitrogen: max. 0.3%, wherein the contents of on the one hand carbon and nitrogen and on the other hand vanadium and any possibly existing niobium shall be balanced relative to each other, such that the contents of the said elements shall lie within the area of A, B″, E, F, B′, B, C, D, A in the co-ordinate system in FIG. 2, where V+2Nb, C+N co-ordinates for said points are A: (9,3.1), B″: (9,2.85), E: (15,4.3), F: (15,3.75), B′: (9,2.65), B: (9,2.5), C: (6.5,2.0), D: (6.5,2.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy produced high-speed steel article having a combination of high hardness and wear resistance, particularly at elevated temperatures. This combination of properties is achieved by the combination of W, Mo, V, and Co. The article is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of gear cutting tools, such as hobs, and surface coatings.

Abstract: An iron alloy material for brake components comprising substantially perlitic grey iron alloyed with further elements comprising: carbon present in an amount of 3.50-3.70% by weight; vanadium present in an amount of 0.05-0.1% by weight; molybdenum present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight; silicon present in an amount of 1.90-2.0% by weight; manganese present in an amount of 0.55-0.70% by weight; phosphor present in a maximum amount of 0.10% by weight; sulphur present in an amount of 0.08-0.12% by weight; chromium present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight; and copper present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight.

Abstract: Improved gray iron compositions comprise at least about 90 weight % iron, at least about 3.40 weight % carbon, from about 1 to 2.5 weight % silicon, from about 0.4 to 1.0 weight % manganese, and from about 0.02 to 0.07 weight % tin. Preferably, the gray iron compositions of the invention also include from about 0.2 to about 0.5 weight % chromium, and may further preferably include from about 0.25 to 0.75% molybdenum and/or from about 0.3 to 1.0% copper, and may optionally also include small amounts (less than about 1%) of such elements as titanium or vanadium, as examples. The gray iron compositions which may advantageously be used in the manufacture of vehicle brake components, especially the braking surfaces of vehicle brake drums or brake rotors.

Abstract: An alloy for a gray cast iron plate for casting blanks of brake disks has composition of 3.65 to 3.95%, preferably approximately 3.85% carbon; 0.20 to 0.40%, preferably approximately 0.30% chromium; 1.80 to 2.20% silicon; 0.60 to 0.80% manganese; 0.30 to 0.50% copper; 0.20 to 0.80%, preferably approximately 0.38 to 0.45% niobium, and the remainder of iron, traces of other alloy metals and melting-caused impurities, such as phosphorus or sulfur, in which case other casting alloy metals, such as vanadium, nickel, tin, molybdenum, antimony, and the like may also be contained each with a content of from 0.01 to 0.06% by weight. The tensile strength, wear resistance and heat cracking resistance of the brake disks cast from such an alloy provide a very high service life of the brake disks which permits their use in utility vehicles.

Abstract: A metal alloy, structures made from the same, and methods of making the same, especially brake drums containing at least about 50% by weight of a ferritic matrix, up to 50% by weight of pearlitic iron, graphite including at least 10% by weight of nodular graphite, compacted graphite and no more than 20% by weight of flake graphite, and less than about 2.10% by weight of silicon.

Abstract: A centrifugal cast roll shell material composed of a granular MC carbide, graphite and C: 2.5 to 4.7%, Si: 0.8 to 3.2%, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0%, Cr: 0.4 to 1.9%, Mo: 0.6 to 5%, V: 3.0 to 10.0% and Nb: 0.6 to 7.0%, satisfying the following formulae (1), (2), (3) and (4):2.0+0.715 V+0.10 Nb.ltoreq.C (%) (1)1.1.ltoreq.Mo/Cr (2)Nb/V.ltoreq.0.8 (3)0.2.ltoreq.Nb/V (4),the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the pouring temperature is 1,400.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: A roll shell, material is composed of C: 1.5.about.3.5%, Si: 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.2% or less, Cr: 5.5.about.12.0%, Mo: 2.0.about.8.0%, V: 3.0.about.10.0%, Nb: 0.6.about.7.0%, and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2):V+1.8 Nb.ltoreq.7.5 C-6.0 (%) (1)0.2.ltoreq.Nb/V.ltoreq.0.8 (2)and remainder of Fe and inherent impurities.