Abstract: Provided is a solder alloy, a solder paste, a solder preform, and a solder joint which suppress chip cracking during cooling, improve the heat dissipation characteristics of the solder joint, and exhibit high joint strength at high temperatures. The solder alloy has an alloy composition of, by mass: Sb: 9.0 to 33.0%; Ag: more than 4.0% and less than 11.0%; and Cu: more than 2.0% and less than 6.0%, with the balance of Sn. Moreover, the solder paste, the solder preform, and the solder joint all contain said solder alloy.

Abstract: Provided is a solder paste which uses a conventional flux, and for which long-term preservation is made possible and an easy preservation method can be realized by suppressing changes in the viscosity of the paste over time. This solder paste is provided with a solder powder, a zirconium oxide powder, and a flux, and changes in the viscosity of the paste over time are suppressed.

Abstract: According to this invention, provided is a metal particle that includes an intermetallic compound composed of Sn, Cu and Ni, in a basal phase that contains Sn and an Sn—Cu alloy, and at least parts of the Sn—Cu alloy and the intermetallic compound in the basal phase form an endotaxial joint.

Abstract: A solder alloy essentially consists of tin, silver, copper, bismuth, antimony, and cobalt; relative to a total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is 3 mass % or more and 3.5 mass % or less, the copper content is 0.4 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, the bismuth content is 3.5 mass % or more and 4.8 mass % or less, the antimony content is 3 mass % or more and 5.5 mass % or less, the cobalt content is 0.001 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less, the tin content is the balance; and a total of the bismuth content and the antimony content is 7.3 mass % or more and 10.3 mass % or less.

Abstract: A solder alloy has an alloy composition consisting of, in mass %: Bi: 0.1% or more and less than 2.0%, Cu: 0.1 to 1.0%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.20%, Ge: 0.006 to 0.09%, and Co: 0.003% or more and less than 0.05%, and optionally Fe: 0.005 to 0.015% and P: 0.1% or less, with the balance being Sn.

Abstract: A solder alloy includes Sn, optional Ag, Cu, and Al wherein the alloy composition is controlled to provide a strong, impact-and thermal aging-resistant solder joint that has beneficial microstructural features and is substantially devoid of Ag3Sn blades.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free solder alloy and soldering capable of maintaining strong joining strength even in a high-temperature state after soldering and having high reliability and versatility. The lead-free solder alloy composition of the present invention has Sn—Cu—Ni as a basic composition, which includes 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, and 0.01 to 0.5 mass % of Ni, 0.1 to 5 mass % of Bi, and 76.0 to 99.5 mass % of Sn, such that it is possible to implement soldering with high reliability without decreasing joining strength of a soldered joint even in a state of being exposed to high temperature for a long time, as well as joining strength at the time of bonding.

Abstract: A solder alloy is a tin-silver-copper solder alloy, and contains tin, silver, copper, bismuth, nickel, and cobalt. Relative to the total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is 2 mass % or more and 4 mass % or less, the nickel content is 0.01 mass % or more and 0.15 mass % or less, and the cobalt content is 0.001 mass % or more and 0.008 mass % or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layered plain bearing (1) comprising a sliding layer (5) made from a tin-based alloy, which contains between 1 wt. % and 8 wt. % Sb, between 8 wt. % and 20 wt. % Cu and if necessary at least one of the elements Si, Cr, Ti, Zn, Ag and Fe, wherein the proportion of each of these elements is between 0.1 wt. % and 2 wt. %, the total content of all of the alloy elements is a maximum of 30 wt. % and remainder is formed by Sn, wherein at least a proportion of the Cu with Sn is present as a copper-rich deposit in the tin matrix with a maximum particle size of 50 nm and/or in addition contains at least one further element from a second group consisting of Al, Bi and Ni, wherein the proportion of the at least one further element is between 0.1 wt. % and 5 wt. % for each of said elements, and wherein the sliding layer (5), which contains at least one element of the second element group, is deposited by a PVD-method when the particle size of the nanoparticles is greater than 50 nm.

Abstract: Lead-free solder alloys and solder joints thereof with improved drop impact resistance are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the lead-free solder alloys preferably contain 0.0-4.0 wt. % of Ag, 0.01-1.5 wt. % of Cu, at least one of the following additives: Mn in an amount of 0.001-1.0 wt. %, Ce in an amount of 0.001-0.8 wt. %, Y in an amount of 0.001-1.0 wt. %, Ti in an amount of 0.001-0.8 wt. %, and Bi in an amount of 0.01-1.0 wt. %, and the remainder of Sn.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy having improved surface properties which suppresses minute irregularities and shrinkage cavities has a composition consisting essentially of Ag: 0.1-1.5%, Bi: 2.5-5.0%, Cu: 0.5-1.0%, optionally Ni: 0.015-0.035% and/or at least one of Ge and Ga: 0.0005-0.01%, and a remainder of Sn and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A solder alloy of a tin-silver-copper solder alloy, containing tin, silver, antimony, bismuth, copper, and nickel, and substantially does not contain germanium, relative to the total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is more than 1.0 mass % and less than 1.2 mass %, the antimony content is 0.01 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less, and the bismuth content is 0.01 mass % or more and 3.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: A solder alloy is a tin-silver-copper solder alloy containing tin, silver, copper, nickel, antimony, bismuth, and indium, and substantially does not contain germanium, wherein relative to the total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is more than 0.05 mass % and less than 0.2 mass %, and the antimony content is 0.01 mass % or more and less than 2.5 mass %.

Abstract: A high-temperature solder alloy is a Bi—Sn based solder alloy containing at least 90 mass % of Bi, further containing 1-5 mass % of Sn, at least one element selected from Sb and/or Ag each in an amount of 0.5-5 mass %, and preferably further containing 0.0004-0.01 mass % of P.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high-temperature Pb-free solder alloy having the strength required to join electronic parts to a substrate and having excellence in wettability and workability. The high-temperature Pb-free solder alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more but 13.5% by mass or less of Zn, 0.05% by mass or more but 2.0% by mass or less of Cu, 0.500% by mass or less of P, and a balance being Bi except for inevitable impurities. The Pb-free solder alloy may further contain 0.03% by mass or more but 0.7% by mass or less of Al.

Abstract: A solder ball which suppresses generation of voids in a joint, excels in a thermal fatigue property, and can also obtain a good drop impact resistance property, and an electronic member using the same are provided. The solder ball is formed of a Sn—Bi type alloy containing Sn as a main element, 0.3 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, 0.01 to 0.2 mass % of Ni, and 0.1 to 3.0 mass % of Bi, and an intermetallic compound of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 is formed in the Sn—Bi alloy so that the generation of voids in the joint when being jointed to an electrode is suppressed, a thermal fatigue property is excellent, and a good drop impact resistance property can also be obtained.

Abstract: Solder material used in soldering of an Au electrode including Ni plating containing P includes Ag satisfying 0.3?[Ag]?4.0, Bi satisfying 0?[Bi]?1.0, and Cu satisfying 0?[Cu]?1.2, where contents (mass %) of Ag, Bi, Cu and In in the solder material are denoted by [Ag], [Bi], [Cu], and [In], respectively. The solder material includes In in a range of 6.0?[In]?6.8 when [Cu] falls within a range of 0<[Cu]<0.5, In in a range of 5.2+(6?(1.55×[Cu]+4.428))?[In]?6.8 when [Cu] falls within a range of 0.5?[Cu]?1.0, In in a range of 5.2?[In]?6.8 when [Cu] falls within a range of 1.0<[Cu]?1.2. A balance includes only not less than 87 mass % of Sn.

Abstract: A solder alloy of a tin-silver-copper solder alloy, containing tin, silver, antimony, bismuth, copper, and nickel, and substantially does not contain germanium, relative to the total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is more than 1.0 mass % and less than 1.2 mass %, the antimony content is 0.01 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less, and the bismuth content is 0.01 mass % or more and 3.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: A solder joint manufactured of an alloy essentially composed of 0.01-7.6 wt % Cu, 0.001-6 wt % Ni, and the remaining of Sn. Each of Cu and Ni has a maximum concentration range. The lower limit of the range of Ni is 0.01 wt % and preferably 0.03 wt %. The upper limit of the range of Ni is 0.3 wt % and preferably 0.1 wt %. The lower limit of the range of Cu is 0.1 wt % and preferably 0.2 wt %. The upper limit of the range of Cu is 7 wt % and preferably 0.92 wt %. The invention includes the solder joint essentially having these compositions.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy consisting essentially of, in mass percent, Bi: 31-59%, Sb: 0.15-0.75%, at least one element selected from Cu: 0.3-1.0% and P: 0.002-0.055%, and a balance of Sn has a low melting point for suppressing warping of a thin substrate during soldering. It can form solder joints with high reliability even when used for soldering to electrodes having a Ni coating which contains P, since the growth of a P-rich layer is suppressed so that the shear strength of the joints is improved and the alloy has a high ductility and a high tensile strength.

Abstract: A Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy capable of increasing the connection reliability of a solder joint when evaluated in a high temperature environment is provided. The alloy has an alloy composition consisting essentially of, in mass percent, Ag: 1.0-5.0%, Cu: 0.1-1.0%, Sb: 0.005-0.025%, Fe: 0.005-0.015%, and a remainder of Sn. The Fe content in mass percent is 0.006-0.014%. The Sb content in mass percent is 0.007-0.023%. Preferably Fe:Sb as a mass ratio is 20:80-60:40. The total content of Fe and Sb is preferably 0.012-0.032%.

Abstract: A lead-free solder composition includes: 3 wt % to 5 wt % of Ag, 0.2 wt % to 0.8 wt % of Cu, 1 wt % to 7 wt % of Bi, 0.005 wt % to 0.06 wt % of Ni, 0.005 wt % to 0.02 wt % of Ge, and the balance being Sn based on 100 wt % of the lead-free solder composition.

Abstract: A Sn—Sb—Ag—Cu based high-temperature lead-free solder alloy which has excellent connection reliability and which does not form a low melting point phase even when solidified by slow cooling is provided. It has an alloy composition consisting essentially of, in mass percent, Sb: 35-40%, Ag: 13-18%, Cu: 6-8%, and a remainder of Sn.

Abstract: A Sn—Ag—Cu—Bi lead-free solder which can be used for soldering of vehicle-mounted electronic circuits and which has excellent resistance to heat cycles and mechanical strength is provided. The solder contains Ag: 2.8-4 mass %, Bi: 1.5-6 mass %, Cu: 0.8-1.2 mass %, and a remainder of Sn.

Abstract: A tin (Sn)-based solder ball having appropriate characteristics for electronic products and a semiconductor package including the same are provided. The tin-based solder ball includes about 0.3 to 3.0 wt. % silver (Ag), about 0.4 to 0.8 wt. % copper (Cu), about 0.01 to 0.09 wt. % nickel (Ni), about 0.1% to 0.5 wt. % bismuth (Bi), and balance of tin (Sn) and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: High Impact Toughness Alloy The invention provides an alloy, preferably a lead-free solder alloy, comprising: from 35 to 59% wt Bi; from 0 to 0.0 wt % Ag; from 0 to 1.0% wt Au; from 0 to 1.0% wt Cr; from 0 to 2.0% wt In; from 0 to 1.0% wt P; from 0 to 1.0% wt Sb; from 0 to 1.0% wt Sc; from 0 to 1.0% wt Y; from 0 to 1.0% wt Zn; from 0 to 1.0% wt rare earth elements; one or more of: 10 from greater than 0 to 1.0% wt Al; from 0.01 to 1.0% wt Ce; from greater than 0 to 1.0% wt Co; from greater than 0 to 0.0% wt Cu; from 0.001 to 1.0% wt Ge; from greater than 0 to 0.0% wt Mg; from greater than 0 to 1.0% wt Mn; from 0.01 to 1.0% wt Ni; and from greater than 0 to 1.0% wt Ti, and the 1 balance Sn, together with any unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: By using a solder alloy consisting essentially of 0.2-1.2 mass % of Ag, 0.6-0.9 mass % of Cu, 1.2-3.0 mass % of Bi, 0.02-1.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01-2.0 mass % of In, and a remainder of Sn, it is possible to obtain portable devices having excellent resistance to drop impact and excellent heat cycle properties without developing thermal fatigue even when used in a high-temperature environment such as inside a vehicle heated by the sun or in a low-temperature environment such as outdoors in snowy weather.

Abstract: A silver-free and lead-free solder composition includes: 2 wt % to 8 wt % of Bi, 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Cu, 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt % of at least one of Ni, Fe, and Co, and the balance of Sn based on 100 wt % of the silver-free and lead-free solder composition.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy is provided which has improved impact resistance to dropping even after thermal aging and which is excellent with respect to solderability, occurrence of voids, and yellowing. A solder alloy according to the present invention consists essentially of, in mass percent, (1) Ag: 0.8-2.0%, (2) Cu: 0.05-0.3%, (3) at least one element selected from In: at least 0.01% and less than 0.1%, Ni; 0.01-0.04%, Co: 0.01-0.05%, and Pt: 0.01-0.1%, optionally (4) at least one element selected from Sb, Bi, Fe, Al, Zn, and P in a total amount of up to 0.1%, and a remainder of Sn and impurities.

Abstract: A lead-free solder ball for electrodes of a BGA or CSP comprising 0.5-1.1 mass % of Ag, 0.7-0.8 mass % of Cu, 0.05-0.08 mass % of Ni, and a remainder of Sn. Even when a printed circuit board to which the solder ball is bonded has Cu electrodes or Au-plated or Au/Pd-plated Ni electrodes, the solder ball has good resistance to drop impacts. The composition may further contain at least one element selected from Fe, Co, and Pt in a total amount of 0.003-0.1 mass % or at least one element selected from Bi, In, Sb, P, and Ge in a total amount of 0.003-0.1 mass %.

Abstract: An alloy suitable for use in a ball grid array or chip scale package comprising from 0.05-1.5 wt. % copper, from 0.1-2 wt. % silver, from 0.005-0.3 wt % nickel, from 0.003-0.3 wt % chromium, from 0-0.1 wt. % phosphorus, from 0-0.1 wt. % germanium, from 0-0.1 wt. % gallium, from 0-0.3 wt. % of one or more rare earth elements, from 0-0.3 wt. % indium, from 0-0.3 wt. % magnesium, from 0-0.3 wt. % calcium, from 0-0.3 wt. % silicon, from 0-0.3 wt. % aluminum, from 0-0.3 wt. % zinc, from 0-2 wt. % bismuth, from 0-1 wt. % antimony, from 0-0.2 wt % manganese, from 0-0.3 wt % cobalt, from 0-0.3 wt % iron, and from 0-0.1 wt % zirconium, and the balance tin, together with unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy capable of increasing the connection reliability of a solder joint when evaluated in a high temperature environment is provided. The alloy has an alloy composition consisting essentially of, in mass percent, Ag: 1.0-5.0%, Cu: 0.1-1.0%, Sb: 0.005-0.025%, Fe: 0.005-0.015%, and a remainder of Sn. The Fe content in mass percent is 0.006-0.014%. The Sb content in mass percent is 0.007-0.023%. Preferably Fe:Sb as a mass ratio is 20:80-60:40. The total content of Fe and Sb is preferably 0.012-0.032%.

Abstract: A solder material includes 1.0-4.0% by weight of Ag, 4.0-6.0% by weight of In, 0.1-1.0% by weight of Bi, 1% by weight or less (excluding 0% by weight) of a sum of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Sb, and a remainder of Sn. When a copper-containing electrode part of an electronic component is connected to a copper-containing electrode land of a substrate by using this solder material, a part having an excellent stress relaxation property can be formed in the solder-connecting part and a Cu—Sn intermetallic compound can be rapidly grown from the electrode land and the electrode part to form a strong blocking structure.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy exhibiting good performance in impact resistance and vibration resistance. Also provided are a solder ball using such a lead-free solder alloy, and an electronic member having a solder bump using such a lead-free alloy. Specifically, the lead-free solder alloy consists of 1.0 to 2.0% by mass of Ag, 0.3 to 1.0% by mass of Cu, 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of Ni and the balance including Sn and unavoidable impurities. In an Sn—Ag—Cu based solder joint portion on a Cu electrode, a Cu3Sn intermetallic compound layer is formed directly on the Cu electrode, and then a Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer is formed thereon. A Cu atomic site in the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer is replaced by Ni having a smaller atomic radius than Cu to thereby reduce strain in the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer, thus enabling impact resistance and vibration resistance to be improved therein.

Abstract: A solder composition is provided. The solder composition consists essentially of from about 6.0 to 7.5 percent by weight of bismuth, from about 0.5 to 0.7 percent by weight of copper, and the remainder of the composition being tin.

Abstract: To provide a solder alloy, a solder ball and an electronic member having a solder bump, used for connection with a mother board or the like, having a melting temperature of less than 250° C. for the solder alloy, achieving high drop impact resistance required in mobile devices or the like. A solder alloy is used which consists of not less than 0.1 mass ppm of boron and not greater than 200 mass ppm of boron and a remainder comprising substantially not less than 40% by mass of Sn, in which its melting temperature is less than 250° C.

Abstract: A tin based white metal alloy consisting essentially by weight of approximately 5.0%-0-9.0% antimony, approximately 3.0%-8.0% copper, approximately 0.1%-0.7% cobalt, and the balance tin.

Abstract: A mounting structure 1 in which an electronic component 5 is surface-mounted with solder 4 to a wiring substrate 2 is disclosed. The solder is Sn—Ag—Bi—In-based solder containing 0.1% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less of Bi, and more than 3% by weight and less than 9% by weight of In, with the balance being made up of Sn, Ag and unavoidable impurities. The wiring substrate has a coefficient of linear expansion of 13 ppm/K or less in all directions. Thus, it is possible to realize a mounting structure using lead-free solder and for which the occurrence of cracks in a solder joint portion due to a 1000-cycle thermal shock test from ?40 to 150° C. has been suppressed.

Abstract: An ingot includes at least two metals selected from copper, tin, zinc and bismuth, wherein: (a) the ingot is a mechanical ingot, the at least two metals are 40-95 wt. % copper, 3-80 wt. % tin, 1-40 wt. % bismuth and/or 1-80 wt. % zinc, and other metals are present in a collective amount of 0-2 wt. %; or (b) the ingot is a cast ingot, the at least two metals are 40-80 wt. % copper, 3-80 wt. % tin, 1-40 wt. % bismuth and/or 1-80 wt. % zinc, and other metals are present in a collective amount of 0-2 wt. %, provided that when copper is present in the cast ingot in an amount greater than 69 wt. %, zinc is present in an amount less than 30 wt. %. Methods for preparing and casting the ingot are also disclosed, as is a system for casting a copper-bismuth alloy.

Abstract: An inexpensive lead-free solder which prevents the occurrence of tin pest at extremely low temperatures and which has good wettability and impact resistance has a composition consisting essentially of, in mass %, Cu: 0.5-0.8%, Bi: at least 0.1% and less than 1%, Ni: 0.02-0.04%, and a remainder of Sn.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a lead-free solder alloy and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, disclosed are: a lead-free solder alloy, which comprises 0.8-1.2 wt % silver (Ag), 0.8-1.2 wt % copper (Cu), 0.01-1.0 wt % palladium (Pd), 0.001-0.1 wt % tellurium (Te), and a balance of tin (Sn), and thus has a melting point similar to those of prior lead-free solder alloys, excellent wettability, very low segregation ratio, and excellent weldability with a welding base metal, such that it improves temperature cycle performance and drop impact resistance simultaneously, when it is applied to electronic devices and printed circuit boards; a manufacturing method of the above alloy; and electronic devices and printed circuit boards which include the same.

Abstract: A low silver solder alloy of the present invention comprises 0.05-2.0% by mass of silver; 1.0% by mass or less of copper; 3.0% by mass or less of antimony; 2.0% by mass or less of bismuth; 4.0% by mass or less of indium; 0.2% by mass or less of nickel; 0.1% by mass or less of germanium; 0.5% by mass or less of cobalt (provided that none of the copper, the antimony, the bismuth, the indium, the nickel, the germanium, and the cobalt is 0% by mass); and the residue is tin. According to the present invention, the long-term reliable low silver solder alloy is provided, wherein the low silver solder alloy permits the cost reduction by decreasing the Ag content, and has the excellent stretch, melting point, and strength, and also has the high fatigue resistance (thermal fatigue resistance).

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy suitable for use in flow soldering of electronic components to printed wiring boards comprises 0.1-3 wt % of Cu, 0.001-0.1 wt % of P, optionally 0.001-0.1 wt % of Ge, and a balance of Sn. The solder alloy may further contain at least one of Ag and Sb in a total amount of at most 4 wt %, and/or at least one of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in a total amount of at most 0.5 wt % in order to strengthen the alloy, and/or at least one of Bi, In, and Zn in a total amount of at most 5 wt % in order to lower the melting point of the alloy.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy having improved surface properties which suppresses minute irregularities and shrinkage cavities has a composition consisting essentially of Ag: 0.1-1.5%, Bi: 2.5-5.0%, Cu: 0.5-1.0%, optionally Ni: 0.015-0.035% and/or at least one of Ge and Ga: 0.0005-0.01%, and a remainder of Sn and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A solder alloy includes 5 to 15% by mass of Sb, 3 to 8% by mass of Cu, 0.01 to 0.15% by mass of Ni, and 0.5 to 5% by mass of In. The remainder thereof includes Sn and unavoidable impurities. Thereby, highly reliable solder alloy and semiconductor device suppressing a fracture in a semiconductor element and improving crack resistance of a solder material can be obtained.

Abstract: An inexpensive lead-free solder which prevents the occurrence of tin pest at extremely low temperatures and which has good wettability and impact resistance has a composition consisting essentially of, in mass %, Cu: 0.5-0.8%, Bi: at least 0.1% and less than 1%, Ni: 0.02-0.04%, and a remainder of Sn.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a power semiconductor device using a high-temperature lead-free solder material, the high-temperature lead-free solder material having the heat resistant property at 280° C. or more, and the bondability at 400° C. or less, and excellent in the suppliabilty and wettability of solder, and in the high-temperature storage reliability and the temperature cycle reliability. In the power semiconductor device according to the present invention, a semiconductor element and a metal electrode member were bonded each other by a high-temperature solder material comprising Sn, Sb, Ag, and Cu as the main constitutive elements and the rest of other unavoidable impurity elements wherein the high-temperature solder material comprises 42 wt %?Sb/(Sn+Sb)?48 wt %, 5 wt %?Ag<20 wt %, 3 wt %?Cu<10 wt %, and Ag+Cu?25 wt %.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy which can be used for soldering of vehicle-mounted electronic circuits and which exhibits high reliability is provided. The alloy consists essentially of Ag: 2.8-4 mass %, In: 3-5.5 mass %, Cu: 0.5-1.1 mass %, if necessary Bi: 0.5-3 mass %, and a remainder of Sn. In is at least partially in solid solution in the Sn matrix.

Abstract: A Sn—Ag—Cu—Bi lead-free solder which can be used for soldering of vehicle-mounted electronic circuits and which has excellent resistance to heat cycles and mechanical strength is provided. The solder consists essentially of Ag: 2.8-4 mass %, Bi: 1.5-6 mass %, Cu: 0.8-1.2 mass %, and a remainder of Sn.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy suitable for use in flow soldering of electronic components to printed wiring boards comprises 0.1-3 wt % of Cu, 0.001-0.1 wt % of P, optionally 0.001-0.1 wt % of Ge, and a balance of Sn. The solder alloy may further contain at least one of Ag and Sb in a total amount of at most 4 wt %, and/or at least one of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in a total amount of at most 0.5 wt % in order to strengthen the alloy, and/or at least one of Bi, In, and Zn in a total amount of at most 5 wt % in order to lower the melting point of the alloy.