Abstract: Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

Abstract: An epoxy resin with amine functionality is manufactured continuously through a first reaction zone in which an epoxide-functional resin is made by ring-opening addition, a second reaction zone in which the resin is reacted with amine to make an epoxide-functional product, and a third reaction zone in which the epoxide functional product is reacted with amine to make the epoxy resin with amine functionality. In other embodiments, some amine may be added in the first reaction zone to produce an epoxide functional product, with elimination of the second reaction zone, or all of the amine reactant may be added in the first reaction zone to produce an amine functional product, with elimination of both the second and third reaction zones. Optionally, solvent may be removed in an evaporation zone and recycled into the continuous process and further zones may be included to incorporate crosslinker, additives, and to emulsify the resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone.

Abstract: A continuous emulsion aggregation process for the production of particles is presented including a plurality of continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). The plurality of continuous stirred-tank reactors includes at least one feed tank of raw materials, at least one reactor for facilitating cold addition, at least two reactors for facilitating an aggregation process, at least one reactor for facilitating a shell addition process; at least one reactor for facilitating a freeze process, at least one reactor for facilitating a chelating process, at least one reactor for facilitating a ramp-up process and at least one reactor for facilitating a coalescence process, wherein the reactors are sequentially assembled in a series configuration and separated by short conduits to produce toner particles that are narrowly distributed.

Abstract: Reactor assembly for the production of polymers including a fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a bottom zone (5), a middle zone (6) and an upper zone (7), an inlet (8) for the fluidization gas located in the bottom zone (5), an outlet (9) for the fluidization gas located in the upper zone (7); the outlet (9) for the fluidization gas being coupled with the fluidized bed reactor (1) via inlet (8) via a gas circulation line; means for separation of solids from gas (2) being connected to said gas circulation line; the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the upper zone (7) being monotonically decreasing with respect to the flow direction of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor; the middle zone (6) having an essentially constant equivalent cross-sectional diameter with respect to the flow direction of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor; the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the bottom zone (5) being monotonically increasing with respect to the flow direction of the fl

Abstract: A continuous polymerization process where one or more stirred vessels (intermittent reactor vessels) are employed in oligomer transfer line for mixing additives. An additive is added in the stirred vessel either as a solution or as slurry. The additive may or may not be reactive with the other monomer of the polyester molecule. The additive reacts with the monomer and incorporates in the polymer backbone in one of the embodiment. One or more further additives are mixed with the pre-reactor monomer mix and are charged in the first reactor or charged through the stirred vessel in the form of single slurry or solution or multiple slurries or solutions. Any further vessels employed provide higher residence time proportionate to output and use of such vessels in reactor system is independent of the any further additives.

Abstract: A manufacturing system for producing polyolefin includes a polymerization reactor, a flash chamber, and a purge column. In certain embodiments, the purge column may receive a solids stream directly from the flash chamber. Further, the purge column may function as a feed tank for an extruder within an extrusion/loadout system. According to certain embodiments, the manufacturing system may be configured to consume less than 445 kilowatt-hours of energy per metric ton of polyolefin produced based on consumption of electricity, steam, and fuel gas.

Abstract: Provided is a polyester production process which provides the polyester with a suitable molecular weight capable of enduring various mold processings and which can inhibit the polymer from being colored due to side reactions in synthesis. The above polyester production process comprises: an esterification step of carrying out an esterification reaction of ethylene glycol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid to form an oligomer and a condensation polymerization step of carrying out a condensation polymerization reaction of the oligomer to produce polyester, wherein the esterification reaction is carried out at 200 to 250° C.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for forming a liquid crystalline polymer is provided. More particularly, the process includes acetylating one or more precursor monomers and melt-polymerizing the acetylated monomers to form a prepolymer in the form of a solid particulate material. Thereafter, the prepolymer is solid-state polymerized in a fluidized bed reactor that contains a porous surface (e.g., bed, plate, grate, etc.) on which the prepolymer is supported. While supported by this porous surface, the prepolymer can become “fluidized” with a heated stream of a gas (e.g., nitrogen). In this manner, a sufficient degree of turbulence is created to distribute heat evenly around the prepolymer and cause it to rapidly reach the target reaction temperature.

Abstract: A device and a method for producing high-quality polybutylene succinate are provided. The method for producing polybutylene succinate comprises the steps of: preparing a raw-material slurry by mixing succinic acid or a derivative thereof with 1,4-butanediol in a raw-material slurry preparation tank; storing the raw-material slurry in a raw-material slurry storage tank while maintaining flowability; carrying out an esterification reaction of the raw-material slurry in an esterification reactor; and synthesizing polybutylene succinate with a polycondensation reaction of the ester in a polycondensation reactor, in which the polycondensation reactor is divided, from the upstream side, into at least an initial polycondensation reactor, an intermediate polycondensation reactor, and a final polycondensation reactor, a catalyst is added in an amount from 1000 ppm to 3000 ppm in relation to succinic acid or a derivative thereof, the reaction time in the intermediate polycondensation reactor ranges from 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to prepare a polylactic acid comprising the steps of performing a ring opening polymerization using a catalyst and either a catalyst killer compound or an endcapping additive to obtain a raw polylactic acid of MW greater than 10,000 g/mol, purifying the raw polylactic acid by removing and separating low boiling compounds comprising lactide and impurities from the raw polylactic acid by devolatization of the low boiling compounds as a gas phase stream, and purifying the lactide from the devolatization and removing the impurities from the gas phase stream of evaporated low boiling compounds by means of crystallization by desublimation from the gas phase, wherein the lactide is purified and the removed impurities include a catalyst residue and a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group such that the purified lactide is then polymerized by feeding it back into the ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefins is disclosed. The process may include: feeding a catalyst, a liquid diluent, and an olefin to a polymerization vessel having, from a polymerization vessel bottom to a polymerization vessel top, a vapor introduction zone, a three-phase reaction zone and a vapor disengagement zone; contacting the catalyst and olefin under conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of the liquid diluent as a continuous phase in the three-phase reaction zone to form a solid phase polyolefin; withdrawing a gas phase composition from an outlet in fluid communication with the vapor disengagement zone; circulating the gas phase composition through a gas circulation loop to an inlet in fluid communication with the vapor distribution zone at a rate sufficient to agitate the solid and liquid phases within the three-phase reaction zone; and withdrawing a reaction mixture comprising polyolefin and diluents from the three-phase reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a liquid crystalline polyester resin, wherein an acetylation reaction and an oligomerization reaction of raw materials are carried out in an acetylation reaction vessel, and then a deacetylation polycondensation of a liquid after the oligomerization reaction is carried out in a polycondensation reaction vessel, wherein the acetylation reaction vessel used is a vessel having an inner wall surface composed of an alloy containing 50% by mass or more of Ni and 10% by mass or more of Mo; and the inner wall surface of the acetylation reaction vessel is divided into three or more band-like zones arrayed in the height direction of the vessel, and the oligomerization reaction is carried out while maintaining the temperatures of each band-like zone in a particular relationship.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization reactor is provided with a first cylinder extending vertically; a first tapered cylindrical member placed in the first cylinder, having the inner diameter decreasing progressively downward, and having a gas inlet orifice at a bottom end thereof; a first liquid supplying part supplying a liquid so that the liquid may come into contact with an outer surface of the first tapered cylindrical member; and a gas supplying part supplying an olefin-containing gas through the gas inlet orifice into a first reaction region surrounded by an inner surface of the first tapered cylindrical member and an inner surface of the first cylinder above the first tapered cylindrical member, to form a spouted bed in the first reaction region.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process to produce a poly(alpha-olefin)(alpha, internally unsaturated, nonconjugated olefin) comprising: contacting at least one renewable feedstream with at least one lower olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst, wherein a mixture of at least one C4 to C40 linear alpha-olefin and at least one alpha, internally unsaturated, nonconjugated olefin is produced; and contacting the mixture with a metallocene catalyst system, wherein a poly(alpha-olefin)(alpha, internally unsaturated, nonconjugated olefin) is produced.

Abstract: A method for preparing contaminated plastics ground into flakes, such as RPET or such polymers, having at least decontamination and SSP treatment steps, with at least one reactor, with heating to the process temperature taking place essentially outside the reactor. Also, a device for carrying out the method, and having at least one decontamination reactor and at least one SSP reactor, a device for heating plastic flakes to the process temperature being arranged upstream of the decontamination reactor. Also an SSP reactor having at least two individual reactors, and preferably between 3 and 7 individual reactors.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a multimodal polyolefin polymer at temperatures of from 40 to 150° C. and pressures of from 0.

Abstract: A propylene polymerization reaction apparatus and a production method of a propylene-based polymer are capable of producing a continuous multi-stage polymer in low cost, high productivity and stably, and significantly reducing generation amount of an off-specification product accompanying change of polymerization condition, in multi-stage continuous vapor phase polymerization method of a propylene-based polymer using a catalyst for olefin polymerization. A reaction apparatus for producing a propylene-based polymer by a multi-stage continuous vapor phase polymerization method is used. One or more reactor of a horizontal-type reactor having inside a stirring machine which rotates around a horizontal axis, and a continuous stirred tank reactor to be connected to the horizontal-type reactor are provided, and a production method of a propylene-based polymer using the same.

Abstract: A system for making PET objects including a means for reacting a first PET precursor and a second PET precursor to produce a PET melt; a means for flowing the PET melt to a valve having at least two outlets; a means for flowing the PET melt from at least one of the at least two outlets to at least one distribution manifold, each of the at least one distribution manifold having at least two distribution lines; a means for controlling individually the mass flow of the PET melt in each of the at least two distribution lines independently of the other of the at least two distribution lines; and a means for forming the PET objects from the PET melt.

Abstract: A method and system for producing dispersed waxes, including a high shear mechanical device. In one embodiment, the method comprises forming a dispersion of wax globules in a carrier liquid in a high shear device prior to implementation in a waxy product. In another instance the system for producing waxy products comprises a high shear device for dispersing wax in a carrier liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing steam using heat recovered from a polymerization reaction. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing steam using heat recovered from a polymerization reaction for producing polyolefin, comprising the steps of: thermally contacting said polymerization reaction with a cooling fluid such that the cooling fluid removes heat from said reaction, thermally contacting at least part of said cooling fluid with at least one absorption cycle thereby transferring heat from the cooling fluid to said absorption cycle, using said absorption cycle to produce steam from a condensate, wherein the cooling fluid is used as a hot source for heating at least one evaporator and at least one generator comprised in said at least one absorption cycle. The present invention also relates to a process for cooling a polymerization reaction using a process as described herein. Said invention also relates to a polyolefin producing unit.

Abstract: The instant invention is a device for producing dispersions. The device for producing dispersions includes a first stator, a second stator, a shell encasing the first stator and the second stator, a rotor being disposed therebetween the first stator and the second stator thereby forming a first chamber and a second chamber, at least one first inlet port into the first chamber, and at least one outlet port out of the second chamber. The device may optionally include at least one additional second inlet port into the second chamber.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor system includes features for operating two or more reactors in series or parallel. The system includes a discharge line coupled to an outlet of a first polymerization reactor, a first conduit connecting the first polymerization reactor to a second polymerization reactor via the discharge line, a second conduit connecting the first polymerization reactor to a flashline apparatus via the discharge line, and a diverter valve coupling the first and second conduits to the discharge line. The diverter valve is configured to selectively open the discharge line to the first conduit and close the discharge line to the second conduit in a first valve state and to selectively open the discharge line to the second conduit and close the discharge line to the first conduit in a second valve state. The diverter valve is capable of switching between the first and second valve states.

Abstract: This present invention provides devices for the parallelization of the formation of droplets in a multiple droplet generator integrating two or more parallel flow-focusing devices (FFDs) with either identical, or different, geometries. In the parallel identical FFDs, emulsification generates droplets with a narrow (below 4%) polydispersity despite weak coupling between the identical flow-focusing devices. Formation of droplets in the integrated droplet generator comprising FFDs with different dimensions of the microchannels occurs with strong coupling between the FFDs and produces droplets with varying sizes and size distributions. For such devices the regime in which emulsification produces droplets with varying dimensions and a narrow size distribution have been identified. The results of this work can be used in scaling up the production of droplets and in the simultaneous production of droplets and particles with different dimensions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for removing and analyzing a sample from a polymerization reactor including one or more sample conduits for removing a sample from the reactor and transferring the sample to a sample flash tank, whereby the conduits are in communication with the reactor and are provided with at least two sampling valves; a sample flash tank for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby the sample flash tanks are connected to the conduits and provided with a device for analyzing evaporated gas, and including a sample receiver for purifying the solid particles. The receivers are connected to the sample flash tanks and provided with an apparatus for analyzing the solid particles. The disclosure includes a method for improving a polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A method for preparing contaminated plastics ground into flakes, such as RPET or such polymers, having at least decontamination and SSP treatment steps, with at least one reactor, with heating to the process temperature taking place essentially outside the reactor. Also, a device for carrying out the method, and having at least one decontamination reactor and at least one SSP reactor, a device for heating plastic flakes to the process temperature being arranged upstream of the decontamination reactor. Also an SSP reactor having at least two individual reactors, and preferably between 3 and 7 individual reactors.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene, which including feeding at least one of dimethyl ether and methanol to a reactor to be reacted in the presence of a catalyst; supplying an obtained reaction product to a separator by which low-boiling compounds having a boiling point of ?50° C. or lower at atmospheric pressure among the reaction product are separated; and recycling a proportion of at least 70% of a total amount of the separated low-boiling compounds to said reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to high pressure tubular reactor olefin polymerization plants having improved specific energy consumption. The plants may be newly constructed or made by de-bottlenecking an existing plant. The tube of the tubular reactor may have improved arrangements for cooling to increase conversion and optimized polymer-recycle gas separation arrangements using a jet pump for recycling unreacted monomer while permitting haze to be maintained. The improved cooling arrangements include a reduced pressure cooling zone forming the tail end of the tube and/or a shortened heating zone for the front feed and allowing more monomer to be fed as a side feed.

Abstract: The current invention provides a method of improving the efficiency of one or more heat exchangers used in cooperation with a high temperature solution polymerization process. Addition of surface active agents, such as C6 to C22 carboxylic acids, to a two phase liquid-liquid polymer solution downstream of a reactor system and upstream of a heat exchanger system can increase the efficiency of heat exchange by more than 10 %.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting effective components from polyester fiber waste containing polyalkylene telephthalate as the main component, more specifically to provide a method for separating and removing foreign matters (mainly cotton) contained in polyester fiber waste. The purpose of the invention can be achieved by a method for separating and removing foreign matters from polyester waste, which includes throwing polyester fiber waste that contains polyalkylene telephthalate as the main component and foreign matters other than the polyalkylene telephthalate into a depolymerization reaction tank, subjecting a part or all of the polyester fiber to a depolymerization reaction with alkylene glycol to give a depolymerization reaction liquid, and then continuously or intermittently feeding the liquid to a foreign matter-separating and removing apparatus having specified characteristics.

Abstract: Provided are improved processes and apparatuses for solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis, the improvements comprising carrying out detritylation of the nascent oligonucleotide using a composition of an organic solvent, a protic solvent and a selected concentration, or selected concentration range, of water. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide synthesis apparatus includes means for adding water to a detritylation reagent. In some embodiments, an apparatus can include a water detector for analyzing the water concentration of a detritylation reagent to be reacted with a nascent oligonucleotide. An apparatus can comprise a feedback loop to control the concentration of water at the point of the detritylation reaction and/or to control the detritylation reaction time. The apparatuses and methods reduce batch-to-batch variations in the manufacture of oligonucleotides immobilized on the surface of various substrates.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for forming a liquid crystalline polymer is provided. More particularly, the process includes acetylating one or more precursor monomers and melt-polymerizing the acetylated monomers to form a prepolymer in the form of a solid particulate material. Thereafter, the prepolymer is solid-state polymerized in a fluidized bed reactor that contains a porous surface (e.g., bed, plate, grate, etc.) on which the prepolymer is supported. While supported by this porous surface, the prepolymer can become “fluidized” with a heated stream of a gas (e.g., nitrogen). In this manner, a sufficient degree of turbulence is created to distribute heat evenly around the prepolymer and cause it to rapidly reach the target reaction temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the processing of plastic material, with a receptacle or cutter-compactor (1) into which the material to be treated can be introduced, in the lower region of which a discharge opening (10) is provided, through which the processed material can be ejected from the receptacle (1), for example into an extruder (11). According to the invention, the receptacle (1) is divided into at least two chambers (6a, 6b, 6c, . . . ) separated from each other by an intermediate base (2?, 2?, . . . ), wherein at least one mixing or comminution tool (7a, 7b, 7c, . . . ) is arranged which acts upon the material in each chamber (6a, 6b, 6c, . . . ), with which the material can be converted into a softened but permanently lumpy or particle-shaped and not melted state and wherein means (5?, 5?, . . . ) are provided which effect or permit an exchange or a transfer of the softened, lumpy, not melted material between each directly adjacent chamber (6a, 6b, 6c, . . . ).

Abstract: A method for preparing contaminated plastics ground into flakes, such as RPET or such polymers, having at least decontamination and SSP treatment steps, with at least one reactor, with heating to the process temperature taking place essentially outside the reactor. Also, a device for carrying out the method, and having at least one decontamination reactor and at least one SSP reactor, a device for heating plastic flakes to the process temperature being arranged upstream of the decontamination reactor. Also an SSP reactor having at least two individual reactors, and preferably between 3 and 7 individual reactors.

Abstract: [Summary] The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing polymer particles and a method for manufacturing the same. The present invention provides an apparatus and a method, by which polymer particles having excellent monodispersity and homogeneous physical properties, such as homogeneous cross-linking degree and polymerization degree, may be efficiently prepared. In the present invention, particles having excellent monodispersity with the desired particle diameter, and also having a high cross-linking degree or a core-shell or core-double shell structure may also be effectively prepared. In addition, the processes for manufacturing said polymer particles are exceptionally reproducible in the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for producing a high-quality methacrylic polymer with good productivity, comprising a complete mixing type reactor 11, tubular reactors 12 and 13 which have been serially connected, and a volatile removing instrument 14, wherein at least two of the tubular reactors 12 and 13 are connected via a cooler 15 for cooling the reaction mixture. It is preferable that the cooler 15 is a multitubular cooler and the tubular reactors 12 and 13 are plug flow reactors.

Abstract: Described herein in one embodiment is a plant for the continuous solution polymerization of one or more monomers in a solvent, e.g., a hydrocarbon solvent. In one aspect, the plant comprises a high pressure pump and at least one heat exchanger downstream of the pump. In another aspect a feed is cooled by three heat exchangers which are refrigerated by means of a common three stage compressor. In another aspect, the plant comprises a primary reactor and a secondary reactor arranged to operate in parallel, in which the ratio of volume of the primary reactor to the secondary reactor is in the range of 60:40 to 95:5. In another aspect, a method of defouling a heat exchanger is provided in which the level of liquid refrigerant in the heat exchanger is temporarily lowered.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to automated-polymer-synthesis systems that include discrete reagent-solution-addition, wait-time, and reagent-solution-draining sub-systems which together significantly increase throughput and decrease sub-system idle time. The automated-polymer-synthesis systems that represent embodiments of the present invention additionally include switches at points in which carriers can be received from multiple input paths or output to multiple different output paths. The automated-polymer-synthesis systems that represent embodiments of the present invention generally include an input spur and output spur in addition to a main loop, allowing carriers containing only completed polymers to be removed and new carriers input, so that carriers traverse the automated-polymer-synthesis systems independently from one another.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing catalyst, such as chromium catalysts, are provided. The valence of at least a portion of the catalyst sent to an activator is changed from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The catalyst is prepared or activated continuously using a fluidization bed catalyst activator.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for removing and analyzing a sample from a polymerization reactor including one or more sample conduits for removing a sample from the reactor and transferring the sample to a sample flash tank, whereby the conduits are in communication with the reactor and are provided with at least two sampling valves; a sample flash tank for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby the sample flash tanks are connected to the conduits and provided with a device for analyzing evaporated gas, and including a sample receiver for purifying the solid particles. The receivers are connected to the sample flash tanks and provided with an apparatus for analyzing the solid particles. The disclosure includes a method for improving a polymerization reaction.

Abstract: An apparatus defined as a set of loop reactors suitable for the polymerization process of a monomer, preferably ethylene and optionally an olefin co-monomer, comprising for each of said reactors: a plurality of interconnected pipes P defining a flow path for a polymer slurry, said slurry consisting essentially of ethylene, optionally a co-monomer, a polymerization catalyst, liquid diluent and solid olefin polymer particles, means for feeding monomer, optionally a co-monomer, diluent and optionally hydrogen in the reactor, means for feeding a polymerization catalyst in the reactor, a pump suitable for maintaining the polymer slurry in circulation in such reactor, one or more settling legs connected to the pipes P of such reactor for settling of polymer slurry, one or more control valves connected to the outlet of such settling legs, and one or more flash lines for discharging settled polymer slurry out of the reactor characterized in that each of said loop reactors comprises a three-or-more-way valve defini

Abstract: A system for processing large quantities of a reaction medium while maintaining the reaction medium in sheets. The system includes a reactor having a plurality of vertically-spaced downwardly-sloped trays over which the reaction medium flows while it is subjected to reaction conditions. The slope of the trays increases downwardly to accommodate for the increased viscosity of the reaction medium while the reaction medium flows downwardly through the reactor. An upper portion of the trays have a uni-directional configuration, while a lower portion of the trays have a bi-directional configuration. Further, the orientation of flow across the uni-directional trays is rotated by 90 degrees in at least one location as the reaction medium flows down the uni-directional trays.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a multimodal polyolefin polymer at temperatures of from 40 to 150° C. and pressures of from 0.

Abstract: A propylene polymerization reaction apparatus and a production method of a propylene-based polymer are capable of producing a continuous multi-stage polymer in low cost, high productivity and stably, and significantly reducing generation amount of an off-specification product accompanying change of polymerization condition, in multi-stage continuous vapor phase polymerization method of a propylene-based polymer using a catalyst for olefin polymerization. A reaction apparatus for producing a propylene-based polymer by a multi-stage continuous vapor phase polymerization method is used. One or more reactor of a horizontal-type reactor having inside a stirring machine which rotates around a horizontal axis, and a continuous stirred tank reactor to be connected to the horizontal-type reactor are provided, and a production method of a propylene-based polymer using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor system for the catalytic polymerization of olefin monomer and optionally comonomer(s), having one or more inlets for olefin monomer, catalyst, optionally for comonomer, chain growth controllers or chain transfer agents, and/or inert gas, an outlet for gas and an outlet for polymerized particles. The reactor system has at least one fluidized bed unit and at least one moving bed unit, wherein the fluidized bed unit has means for maintaining a fluidized bed in the fluidized bed unit and wherein the moving bed unit is provided with an inlet and an outlet which are directly connected to the fluidized bed unit, wherein the outlet of the moving bed unit is provided with means for pneumatically displacing polymer particles from the moving bed unit into the fluidized bed unit.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization reactor is provided with a first cylinder extending vertically; a first tapered cylindrical member placed in the first cylinder, having the inner diameter decreasing progressively downward, and having a gas inlet orifice at a bottom end thereof; a first liquid supplying part supplying a liquid so that the liquid may come into contact with an outer surface of the first tapered cylindrical member; and a gas supplying part supplying an olefin-containing gas through the gas inlet orifice into a first reaction region surrounded by an inner surface of the first tapered cylindrical member and an inner surface of the first cylinder above the first tapered cylindrical member, to form a spouted bed in the first reaction region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing D-lactide from liquid D-lactic acid and a method for manufacturing D-polylactic acid with a weight-average molecular weight 50,000-20,000 g/mol from the prepared D-lactide. The disclosed method is advantageous in that D-lactide can be prepared in high yield through a relatively simple process as compared to the existing method. Thus, the cost for producing D-polylactic acid from the D-lactide can be reduced.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators at from 100° C. to 350° C. and pressures in the range of from 160 MPa to 350 MPa in a tubular reactor with at least two spatially separated initiator injection points, wherein injecting initiator rises the temperature of the reaction mixture in the reaction zone following the injection point, and the first initiator injection point of the tubular reactor is not provided with initiator or is provided with so little initiator that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not rise more than 20° C.

Abstract: A process for recovery of ethylene from a polymerization product stream of a polyethylene production system, comprising separating a light gas stream from the polymerization product stream, wherein the light gas stream comprises ethane and unreacted ethylene, contacting the light gas stream with an absorption solvent system, wherein the contacting the light gas stream with the absorption solvent system occurs at a temperature in a range of from about 40° F. to about 110° F., wherein at least a portion of the unreacted ethylene from the light gas stream is absorbed by the absorption solvent system, and recovering unreacted ethylene from the absorption solvent system to yield recovered ethylene.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for improving flow properties of crude may include processing a first crude stream, which may in turn include cracking the first crude stream with catalyst to form a cracked stream and spent catalyst, hydrotreating a portion of the cracked stream and then mixing the hydrotreated stream with an unprocessed second crude stream.