Abstract: A catalytic conversion process for producing gasoline and propylene includes the steps of 1) subjecting a feedstock oil to a first catalytic conversion reaction in a first catalytic conversion reaction device to obtain a first reaction product; 2) separating the first reaction product to obtain a propylene fraction, a gasoline fraction and a fraction comprising C4 olefin; 3) carrying out an oligomerization reaction on the fraction comprising C4 olefin in an oligomerization reactor to obtain an oligomerization product comprising C12 olefin, and optionally separating the oligomerization product to obtain a fraction comprising C12 olefin; 4) recycling the C12 olefin-containing oligomerization product or fraction to the first catalytic conversion reaction device, and/or sending the C12 olefin-containing oligomerization product or fraction to a second catalytic conversion reaction device for a second catalytic conversion reaction to obtain a second reaction product comprising propylene.

Abstract: A reactor for producing a synthesis gas from a fuel, with a housing (2) with a combustion part accommodating a first fluidized bed in operation, a riser (3) extending along a longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) and accommodating a second fluidized bed in operation, a down-comer (4) positioned parallel to the riser and extending into the first fluidized bed, and one or more feed channels (33) for providing the fuel to the reactor (1). The reactor (1) further has a riser air chamber section (B) connected to a lower part of the riser (3), the riser air chamber section (B) comprising a cylindrical wall (28) with a plurality of circumferentially located holes (24, 25).

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for sensing a UF6 gas leak in a nuclear fuel manufacturing process. The system is configured to sense whether or not there is a UF6 gas leak by optically detecting UO2F2 in a solid state generated due to a reaction with outside air. This allows prevention of damage to a detection apparatus by means of sensing in a non-contact manner whether or not there is a UF6 gas leak. Further, the system extends the mechanical life of and reduces the maintenance and repair costs for the detection apparatus.

Abstract: A cyclic metals deactivation system unit for the production of equilibrium catalyst materials including a cracker vessel configured for cracking and stripping a catalyst material; and a regenerator vessel in fluid communication with the cracker vessel, the regenerator vessel configured for regeneration and steam deactivation of the catalyst material.

Abstract: A reactor system for carrying out an endothermic catalytic chemical reaction in a given temperature range upon bringing a reactant into contact with a catalyst material. The reactor system includes a reactor unit arranged to accommodate catalyst material including one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports susceptible for induction heating where the one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are ferromagnetic at temperatures up to an upper limit of the given temperature range. The one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are coated with an oxide, and the oxide is impregnated with catalytically active particles. The reactor system moreover includes an induction coil arranged to be powered by a power source supplying alternating current and being positioned so as to generate an alternating magnetic field within the reactor unit upon energization by the power source, whereby the catalyst material is heated to a temperature within the temperature range by the alternating magnetic field.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a riser reactor within the reaction vessel. The riser reactor defines a longitudinal axis and including a riser reactor inlet at one end and at least one riser reactor outlet at an opposite end. The apparatus includes a separation vessel including at least one separation chamber and at least one collection chamber distributed in an alternating manner about the longitudinal axis. Each separation chamber comprises two vertical lateral walls which also comprise a wall of an adjacent one of the at least one collection chamber. A lateral separation chamber outlet is defined in at least one of the vertical lateral walls to provide fluid and particle communication from the lateral separation chamber to the adjacent one of the at least one collection chamber. The separation vessel includes at least one collection chamber deflector positioned in the at least one collection chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and a method for preparation of that catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of diolefins present in gasoline streams along with the shifting of lighter sulfur compounds in the feed stock to heavier sulfur compound by the reaction with olefinic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for separating and utilizing carbon dioxide. According to the invention, carbon dioxide (3a, 3b) is separated from air (1a) being conducted to a building and/or from air (1c,1d) being circulated in the building to reduce the level of carbon dioxide in indoor air (1b) of the building (4), the carbon dioxide (3a, 3b) is recovered, and the carbon dioxide is conducted to a carbon dioxide treatment stage (5), where a chemical compound (6) is formed from the carbon dioxide. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the method.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700° C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550° C. to 950° C., wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700° C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550° C. to 950° C., wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).

Abstract: A crystallization column and a crystallization method. The crystallization column comprises an upper head (1), a tower body (2) and a lower head (3), wherein a crystallization section (11) is provided with a tray (14); and the tray (14) comprises a tray plate (15) and a plurality of lower crystallization members (17). The top end of the lower crystallization member (17) can form a movable connection with the tray plate (15), so that the two adjacent lower crystallizing members (17) are capable of oscillating collisions. The tray (14) may also comprise a plurality of upper crystallization members (21) extending upwardly from the upper surface of the tray plate (15).

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided in the present invention for treatment of particulate biomass. The present process comprises a densification stage, a first treatment stage, a second treatment stage, a cooling stage; the present apparatus comprises a thermo-chemical treatment chamber which is a two-stage compact moving bed type including two compartments for pre-torrefaction and torrefaction and having a star or spider or ring formic hot gas distribution system equipped with at least one hot gas input and at least one hot gas output for each compartment, and at least one particulate biomass inlet and at least one particulate biomass outlet.

Abstract: A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising: a charge housing; a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising a) 40-60 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, other carbonates, magnesium oxalate and other oxalates, b) 20-50 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates, c) 1-20 wt. % of carbon or another fuel, d) 1-10 wt. % binder, said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and to an improved method for chemical looping combustion of at least one liquid hydrocarbon feed, comprising: mixing the liquid feed with an atomization gas so as to feed it into a metal oxide particle transport zone (2), upstream from combustion zone (3), through atomization means (6) allowing to form finely dispersed liquid droplets in the atomization gas; vaporization of the liquid feed in form of droplets into contact with at least part of metal oxide particles in transport zone (2), the operating conditions in transport zone (2) being so selected that the superficial gas velocity after vaporization of the liquid feed is higher than the transport velocity of the metal oxide particles; sending all of the effluents from transport zone (2) to a combustion zone (3) allowing reduction of the metal oxide particles, said combustion zone (3) comprising at least one dense-phase fluidized bed. The invention can be advantageously applied to CO2 capture and energy production.

Abstract: Distillate cracks to propylene more readily than VGO. Additionally, less branched hydrocarbons crack to propylene more readily than more branched hydrocarbons. Oligomerization to diesel range oligomers followed by catalytic cracking with less branched oligomers can provide more propylene.

Abstract: A process and apparatus that uses a debutanizer with a side stripper can recover a light stream, an intermediate stream and a liquid stream. One of the intermediate stream and the liquid stream can be recycled to oligomerization or to fluid catalytic cracking.

Abstract: A multiphase catalytic tower-shaped impinging-stream reactor in the form of a tower, the upper part of which is a plate or packed tower 4 and the lower part of which is a multiphase catalytic impinging-stream reaction kettle 2; the upper part and the lower part are separated by a flow channel plate 14 which has a plurality of round holes serving as flow channels 62; at the top of the reaction kettle 2 exists an upper ejector 3 and at the bottom of the reaction kettle 2 exists a lower ejector 8; near to the side wall of the reaction kettle 2 stands a baffle plate 5, which separates a static liquid zone within the reaction kettle 2 is disclosed.

Abstract: A technology for producing synthesis gas from crude gas from various gasification processes for solid or liquid fuels. To limit the temperatures in a subsequent strongly exothermic CO shift reaction to adjust the H2/CO ratio, the crude gas which has been freed of dust flows through two shift reactors arranged in series. The first reactor has a specific reaction-kinetically limited catalyst and the second reactor has a conventional sour gas catalyst. The specific catalyst used in the first reactor limits the exothermic shift reaction to such an extent that the reaction temperatures in the first and second reactors remain so low to avoid thermal damage to the catalysts even without introduction of external steam, and the desired gas composition is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for carrying out liquid/solid oxidation-reduction reactions in a fluidized bed including a reactor body extending along a longitudinal axis, means for injecting a solution to be processed via a first end of the reactor body along the longitudinal axis, means for performing feeding of a reactive metal via a second end of the reactor body opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis, means for stirring the solution in the reactor body, and a finishing compartment mounted at the second end of the reactor body and connected to means for expelling the processed solution. The reactor body includes two distinct reaction chambers, each reaction chamber having a constant cross-section perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, said cross-sections of the two reaction chambers being different and increasing from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: Embodiments of a series-coupled fluidized bed reactor unit are provided. In one embodiment, the reactor unit includes primary and secondary reactors. The primary reactor includes a reaction vessel, a gas distributor fluidly coupled to the reaction vessel, and a cyclonic plenum assembly. The cyclonic plenum assembly includes a plenum assembly housing, which is fluidly coupled to the gas distributor and which has an annular sidewall; and a gas/solids inlet pipe, which fluidly couples a partially-reacted gas outlet of the secondary reactor to the plenum assembly housing. The gas/solids inlet pipe is tangentially positioned with respect to the annular sidewall of the plenum assembly housing to induce vortex flow within the plenum assembly housing of the partially-reacted gas received from the secondary fluidized bed reactor through the gas/solids inlet pipe to promote the cyclonic separation of entrained solids from the partially-reacted gas prior to entry into the gas distributor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for gasifying a feedstock are provided. A gasifier can include a transfer line having a first leg and a second leg. A first end of the first leg can be adapted to be coupled to a cyclone and a second end of the first leg can be coupled to a first end of the second leg. The second end of the second leg can be adapted to be coupled to a standpipe. A centerline through the first leg can be oriented at an angle with a centerline through the second leg of from about 40° to about 140°.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. Generally, the fluid catalytic cracking system includes a first reaction vessel and a second reaction vessel. The first reaction vessel may contain a first catalyst having pores with openings greater than about 0.7 nm and a second catalyst having pores with smaller openings than the first catalyst. What is more, the second reaction vessel may contain the second catalyst. Generally, at least a portion of the second catalyst is directly communicated with the first reaction vessel.

Abstract: Fluid catalytic cracking units having risers with improved hydrodynamics through the use of baffles are described. The baffles break up the high concentration of catalyst in the slower moving outer annulus and redistribute it into the faster moving, more dilute center of the riser flow.

Abstract: A system for production of high-quality syngas comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.

Abstract: A process for upgrading residuum hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a residuum hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen with a first hydroconversion catalyst in a first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system; recovering a first effluent from the first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system; solvent deasphalting a vacuum residuum fraction to produce a deasphalted oil fraction and an asphalt fraction; contacting the deasphalted oil fraction and hydrogen with a second hydroconversion catalyst in a second hydroconversion reactor system; recovering a second effluent from the second hydroconversion reactor system; and fractionating the first effluent from the first ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor system and the second effluent from the second hydroconversion reactor system to recover one or more hydrocarbon fractions and the vacuum residuum fraction in a common fractionation system.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing granular polysilicon comprises a reactor tube, a reactor shell, an internal heater, and components for controlling pressure, supplying a fluidizing gas and a reaction gas, discharging gas, and discharging particles. The reactor tube is associated with an inner space comprising an inner zone that contains a bed of silicon particles and is the site at which silicon deposition occurs. The inner zone comprises a heating zone and a reaction zone. The fluidizing gas supplying component supplies a fluidizing gas for fluidizing the bed of silicon particles to a bottom of the heating zone. The apparatus can minimize the problems occurring during the heating of silicon particles at high temperature for silicon deposition on the surface of the silicon particles.

Abstract: A multi-stage fluidized bed synthesizer and process for synthesizing trichlorosilane wherein silicon particles can be fed into one of multiple intercommunicating fluidizing zones in a fluidized bed reactor supplied with fluidizing gas comprising hydrogen chloride. The fluidizing zones can be disposed laterally adjacent one to another, for example side-by-side, or in a horizontal line. Useful embodiments include: feeding the fluidizing gas at different rates and/or compositions to the different fluidizing zones; filtration apparatus to filter the gaseous product and return silicon particles to the reactor and cooling systems for cooling the fluidized bed and the gas volumes above the fluidized beds, if present.

Abstract: A second stage gasification unit in a staged gasification integrated process flow scheme and operating methods are disclosed to gasify a wide range of low reactivity fuels. The inclusion of second stage gasification unit operating at high temperatures closer to ash fusion temperatures in the bed provides sufficient flexibility in unit configurations, operating conditions and methods to achieve an overall carbon conversion of over 95% for low reactivity materials such as bituminous and anthracite coals, petroleum residues and coke. The second stage gasification unit includes a stationary fluidized bed gasifier operating with a sufficiently turbulent bed of predefined inert bed material with lean char carbon content. The second stage gasifier fluidized bed is operated at relatively high temperatures up to 1400° C. Steam and oxidant mixture can be injected to further increase the freeboard region operating temperature in the range of approximately from 50 to 100° C. above the bed temperature.

Abstract: The present process provides a method for converting an oxygenate-containing feed stream to an olefin-containing product stream. The method includes: (1) providing a first fluidized catalytic reactor for converting methanol to propylene, the first reactor having a fluidized catalyst system comprising a first catalyst and a second catalyst; (2) providing a second fluidized catalytic reactor communicating with the first fluidized catalytic reactor for cracking heavy olefins having four carbon atoms or greater into propylene, the second reactor having the fluidized catalyst system; (3) providing an oxygenate containing feed to the first reactor; and (4) fluidizing the catalyst system with the oxygenate containing feed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for switching oligomerization feed between a first oligomerization zone that includes a uni-dimensional small pore zeolite to make more diesel and a second oligomerization zone that includes SPA catalyst for making more gasoline. The diesel can be recycled to make more propylene. The process and apparatus will provide refiners with flexibility to produce the most valuable product commensurate with fluctuating market conditions.

Abstract: Using a device for producing nanocarbon, a fluidized bed is formed by supplying a low hydrocarbon and oxygen to a fluid catalyst 1, and nanocarbon and hydrogen are produced by a decomposition reaction of the low hydrocarbon accompanied by a self-combustion of the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen, wherein the device for producing nanocarbon includes: a fluidized bed reactor 2 for containing, the fluid catalyst 1 and for causing the self-combustion of the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen while being supplied with the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen; a gas supplying unit 5 connected to the fluidized bed reactor 2 and for supplying the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen to the fluidized bed reactor 2; an exhaust gas path 8 connected to the fluidized bed reactor 2 and for exhausting an exhaust gas in the fluidized bed reactor 2 to outside; and a supplying unit 2a connected to the fluidized bed reactor 2 and for supplying the fluid catalyst 1 to the fluidized bed reactor 2.

Abstract: A composite continuous countercurrent fluidized moving bed (FMB) and/or expanded moving bed (EMB) may be used for carrying out processes of recovery, purification or reaction of single or multiple component/s of interest, by contacting liquid phase containing the component/s with a solid adsorbent in continuous countercurrent mode. The net movement of the solids is against the liquid, flowing in upward direction through stages/columns, and sedimenting solids from the one stage/column are continuously fed to the top of another stage/column placed below or alongside of previous stage/column; and also operating in fluidized/expanded bed mode, wherein its countercurrent contact with up-flowing liquid is carried out. A system described herein may include a number of stages/columns. The FMB/EMB system can be used in processes for continuous recovery, purifications or reactions of various products.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants in the pyrolysis vapors by filtering the vapors in a heated container comprising a moving bed granular filter (MBGF), which in turn, comprises granular heat carrier. The granular heat carrier is heated within the MBGF and fed directly to the pyrolysis reactor, optionally along with filtered solids such as char. In certain embodiments, the MBGF additionally comprises at least one upgrading catalyst that contacts the vapors to produce a hydrocarbon mixture fungible with a petroleum-derived transportation fuel, a hydrocarbon transportation fuel component, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Multiple catalytic processing stations coupled with a system which produces volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures or constant temperature. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to jet fuel components. The system may also include a processing station for subjecting biomass within the stations to at least one programmable starting temperature (Tstart) and for incrementing an individual processing station temperature by programmable increments (?T) to produce a volatile and a non-volatile component. Further, methods for converting biomass and char to renewable jet fuel, diesel, and kerosene are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and process for carrying out one or more chemical reactions are provided and include one or more chemical reactors having particulate solids forming a bed therein, and a gas stripping zone forming a non-mechanical seal between said reactors which includes a conduit connecting the reactors. The conduit includes an inlet for a stripping gas which is adapted to prevent process gas from passing between reactors while permitting particulate solids to pass between reactors.

Abstract: A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to gasification of high ash bituminous coals that have high ash fusion temperatures. The ash content can be in 15 to 45 weight percent range and ash fusion temperatures can be in 1150° C. to 1500° C. range as well as in excess of 1500° C. In a preferred embodiment, such coals are dealt with a two stage gasification process—a relatively low temperature primary gasification step in a circulating fluidized bed transport gasifier followed by a high temperature partial oxidation step of residual char carbon and small quantities of tar. The system to process such coals further includes an internally circulating fluidized bed to effectively cool the high temperature syngas with the aid of an inert media and without the syngas contacting the heat transfer surfaces. A cyclone downstream of the syngas cooler, operating at relatively low temperatures, effectively reduces loading to a dust filtration unit.

Abstract: A system and method of cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided that allows for significant flexibility in terms of the desired product yield. An integrated process includes introducing the feedstock and hydrogen into a first hydrocracking reaction zone containing a first hydrocracking catalyst to produce a first zone effluent. The first zone effluent and optionally additional hydrogen are passed to a second hydrocracking reaction zone containing a second hydrocracking catalyst to produce a second zone effluent. The second zone effluent is conveyed to a fractionating zone to at least a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, and optionally one or more intermediate fractions. The bottoms fraction is passed to a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone, from which olefins and gasoline are recovered. At least a portion of remaining cycle oil is passed from the fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone to the first and/or second hydrocracking reaction zone.

Abstract: A system for production of high-quality syngas comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant and a process for the looping-type combustion of solid carbon-containing fuels with a carbon dioxide (CO2) flow output. Said process carries out the conversion of carbon without the help of solid carriers of the MyOx type, or of sulphate/sulphide type, and comprises the steps of: (i) Oxidation, wherein the carbon-containing solids are contacted with a gaseous flow comprising oxygen, for a time period and at a temperature sufficient to allow formation of a surface oxidized complex; (ii) Desorption, wherein the surface oxidized complexes generated by adsorption of oxygen in item (i) are released in a gaseous form by decomposition in the absence of O2.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the commercial-scale production of purified polycrystalline silicon granules with one or more tailored levels of n- and p-type impurities from an impure silicon source such as, for example, metallurgical-grade silicon.

Abstract: A dual-bed catalytic distillation tower has a catalytic column having an upper catalytic bed filled with low temperature dehydration catalysts and a lower catalytic bed filled with high temperature dehydration catalysts. When using the dual-bed catalytic distillation tower, the feed may be fed to the tower at the top of the upper catalytic bed, between the upper and lower catalytic beds, or at the bottom of the lower catalytic bed for dehydration to obtain DME. The dual-bed catalytic distillation tower has the advantage of flexible set up depending on various feeds, such as anhydrous or crude methanol and on different grades of DME to be obtained.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor system with at least two fluidized-bed reactors, each being a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line with a particle separator for transferring fluidized-bed particles from the first to the second reactor, and a particle line exiting at the lower half of the second reactor for transferring fluidized-bed particles back to the first reactor, wherein, at least in the second reactor, two or more reaction zones separated by one or more flow controllers and that the particle line opens into the second reactor above at least one flow controller.

Abstract: A staged fluidized catalytic cracker and method for cracking a hydrocarbonaceous material includes a plurality of staged reactors that have catalyst particles flowing in series from one reactor to the next and hydrocarbon feed that is delivered in parallel to the reactors. Between each reactor the partially spent catalyst is actively stripped to partially reactivate the catalyst. Once the catalyst is fully spent in the final reactor the catalyst can be oxidatively regenerated.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting effective components from polyester fiber waste containing polyalkylene telephthalate as the main component, more specifically to provide a method for separating and removing foreign matters (mainly cotton) contained in polyester fiber waste. The purpose of the invention can be achieved by a method for separating and removing foreign matters from polyester waste, which includes throwing polyester fiber waste that contains polyalkylene telephthalate as the main component and foreign matters other than the polyalkylene telephthalate into a depolymerization reaction tank, subjecting a part or all of the polyester fiber to a depolymerization reaction with alkylene glycol to give a depolymerization reaction liquid, and then continuously or intermittently feeding the liquid to a foreign matter-separating and removing apparatus having specified characteristics.

Abstract: Method of operating a three-phase slurry reactor includes feeding at a low level at least one gaseous reactant into a vertically extending slurry body of solid particles suspended in a suspension liquid, the slurry body being contained in at least two vertically extending shafts housed within a common reactor shell, each shaft being divided into a plurality of vertically extending channels at least some of which are in slurry flow communication and the slurry body being present in at least some of the channels. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react as it passes upwardly through the slurry body present in at least some of the channels of the shafts, thereby to form a non-gaseous and/or a gaseous product. Gaseous product, if present, and/or unreacted gaseous reactant is allowed to disengage from the slurry body in a head space above the slurry body.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing nitrate granules includes a first fluidized bed which is supplied with air that has been conditioned to a relative humidity of less than 30% at 40° C. and heated to a temperature of 40° C. to 100° C. One or more spray nozzles are provided for spraying a nitrate melt into the first fluidized bed to form nitrate granules. The apparatus also includes a second fluidized bed which is in direct communication with the first fluidized bed. Nitrate granules formed in the first fluidized bed flow directly to the second fluidized bed where they are cooled to a temperature of less than 60° C. The nitrate granules produced by the apparatus and process of the invention are spherical in shape, hard and dry and do not break down easily during handling. The apparatus according to the invention is compact, capable of very high product rates, and can be operated by one operator.

Abstract: Systems and processes for the alkylation of a hydrocarbon are provided that utilize a plurality of moving bed radial flow reactors. An olefin injection point can be provided prior to each reactor by providing a mixer that mixes olefin with a hydrocarbon feed, or with the effluent stream from an upstream reactor, to produce a reactor feed stream. Catalyst can be provided from the reaction zone of one reactor to the reaction zone of a downstream reactor through catalyst transfer pipes, and can be regenerated after passing through the reaction zones of the reactors. The moving bed radial flow reactors can be stacked in one or more reactor stacks.