Abstract: The present invention provides a wet-processing apparatus comprising a chamber having a working space, means for wet processing in the working space, means for supplying nitrogen gas in fluid communication with the chamber, a nitrogen gas outlet located in a wall of the chamber, means for cleaning nitrogen gas by removing contaminants mixed therewith located in an area of the chamber downstream of the working space and upstream of the nitrogen gas outlet and having a contaminated gas inlet and a treated gas outlet in fluid communication with the chamber, means for diverting gas in the chamber located downstream of the treated gas outlet and upstream of the nitrogen gas supplying means, the means for diverting gas having a first position providing egress of treated gas from the chamber through the nitrogen gas outlet while inhibiting fluid communication to other parts of the chamber and a second position permitting fluid communication and recirculation of the treated gas to other parts of the chamber while pre

Abstract: A reactor for reducing sulfur oxides emissions in a combustion process in which flue gases containing entrained fuel and sorbent particles are humidified so that the sulfur oxides are absorbed on the sorbent particles to reduce the discharge of the sulfur oxides into the environment.

Abstract: A system and method of converting flue gas pollutants to marketable byproducts of ammonium bisulfite and ammonium bisulfate, which are collected, and to other harmless byproducts which may be safely discharged is provided. The system removes as much particulate material and reaction inhibiting coal tar components as possible via an electrostatic precipitator and then passes the flue gas through a heat exchanger, wherein it is cooled by boiler feedwater. A suds producing detergent is introduced to the flue gas in order to separate any remaining coal tar components from the condensing moisture. Due to the removal of the tar components, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide readily dissolve in the condensing moisture when sufficiently cooled.

Abstract: A vacuum truck exhaust gas treatment apparatus for removing gases from air discharged from a vacuum truck comprising a trailer having an enclosed housing attached thereto with the housing divided into four internal, isolated chambers of equal volume with gas removal materials within each chamber. Air and gases discharged from a vacuum truck are directed into a first chamber of the treatment system and circulated through the remaining chambers whereupon the gases are removed and clean air is discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An HC adsorbent and a first three-way or oxidation catalyst are installed in an exhaust conduit of an internal combustion engine in that order in a flow direction. A second three-way or oxidation catalyst is installed upstream of the HC adsorbent in the exhaust conduit. When the exhaust gas flows through the second catalyst, the thermal energy of the exhaust gas is compensated for warming-up the second catalyst in a cold period. As a result, the warming-up of the HC adsorbent is delayed and the HC adsorbent can adsorb the HC included in the exhaust gas for a relatively long period. After the second catalyst has been warmed-up, the HC included in the exhaust gas flowing into the HC adsorbent is oxidized. As a result, the HC adsorbent is prevented from being saturated for a short period of time.

Abstract: Exhaust gases containing oxides of nitrogen and sulfur from a fired process heater, a fossil fuel fired boiler, or a chemical process are diverted from a stack prior to admission to the atmosphere through a duct system containing heat exchangers that reduce the exhaust gas from an elevated temperature, if any, to about ambient temperature. Any heat extracted from the exhaust gas may be transferred to the boiler feed water which would serve to reduce the energy cost of operating a boiler. Once the exhaust gas is cooled to about ambient temperature, the gas is then mixed with an oxidant, such as ozone, at a preselected molar ratio to transform the oxides to higher orders of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to increase the absorbability of the nitrogen and sulfur oxides in a reagent solution. The reagent absorbs the oxidized contaminants from the exhaust gas. The oxides are transformed to dilute acids which are then neutralized to form salts that are acceptable for discharge to a municipal waste water treatment plant.

Abstract: A hopper system and electrostatic gun for injecting electrostatically charged sorbent particles into a polluted gas stream for inclusion in an apparatus that utilizes electrostatically charged sorbent particles for removing particulate matter and gases from a polluted gas stream. The invention includes a hopper system with a bin that is selected to hold a required volume of dry sorbent material and is arranged to feed a metered quantity of sorbent materials, preferably by a screw feed, to receive an air flow from a regenerative blower the air flow mixes with sorbent materials in a throat of a venturi line and transports that flow into a barrel an electrostatic gun. The air entrained sorbent materials travel around and along a charging wand that is centered longitudinally in the barrel bore, and is electrically connected to received a controlled voltage from a high voltage power supply.

Abstract: A method which provides purification of waste gases by adding particles of reagent and/or absorbent, which react with the pollutants in the waste gases, to the gases, and by introducing the gases into a wetting reactor for activating the reagent or absorbent contained in the gases. Gases are conveyed to at least two levels in the reactor through inlets so that a first portion of the gases is introduced into a wetting zone and a second portion of the gases below the wetting zone. A high density of particles is maintained in the wetting zone by recycling to the wetting zone particles separated from the gas above the wetting zone.

Abstract: Apparatus arranged in a closed system for removing particulate matter and gases from a polluted gas stream that includes a sorbent particulate charging and injection gun for electrostatically charging sorbent particles and injecting them into a polluted gas stream to charge and agglomerize pollution particulates therein, the stream flowing into a collection system housing that contains a series of moving and static bed filters and provides for operations at pressures less than atmospheric, and at temperatures up to two thousand (2000) degrees F. The filter beds are maintained across the housing and spaced apart from front to back therein, each filter containing a media material selected for removing the charged agglomerized pollution and sorbent reacted particulates and reacting with gases in the polluted gas stream, providing for removal thereof to clean that gas stream that is then vented to atmosphere.

Abstract: An energy efficient fume incinerator and method for eliminating fumes from a process gas stream while avoiding or minimizing the problem of build-up of organic or other constituents of the fume-laden process gas stream on the surfaces of the heat exchanger in which the fume-laden process gas stream is preheated. The fume incinerator and method are characterized by a first stage reaction chamber for preheating the process gas to a first temperature for preoxidizing organic constituents in the process gas, a second stage reaction chamber for heating the preheated process gas to a second temperature higher than said first temperature for incinerating the fumes; and a first stage heat exchanger for exchanging heat from the process gas exiting from the second stage reaction chamber to the preheated process gas passing from the first stage reaction chamber to the second stage reaction chamber.

Abstract: A system for high temperature desulfurization of coal-derived gases using regenerable sorbents. One sorbent is stannic oxide (tin oxide, SnO.sub.2), the other sorbent is a metal oxide or mixed metal oxide such as zinc ferrite (ZnFe.sub.2 O.sub.4). Certain otherwise undesirable by-products, including hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2 S) and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) are reused by the system, and elemental sulfur is produced in the regeneration reaction. A system for refabricating the sorbent pellets is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of liquids, gases and vapors originating from water impervious interment units comprises a plurality of vertical passages in the vertical walls between units. The upper ends of the vertical passages are connected to an exhaust system and the lower ends of the vertical passages are connected to a drain passage for liquids. Gases drawn through the exhaust system are subjected to sterilization processes including burning and filtering such that any gases discharged into the atmosphere are free of pathogens and odors. A process is also disclosed for the treatment of gases and vapors from the units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the hydrothermal treatment of a catalytic polyvalent metal redox absorption solution, after absorption of the H.sub.2 S from an H.sub.2 S containing gas stream, to avoid substantial buildup of thiosulfate salts, cyanide salts, and cyanide complexes in the catalytic polyvalent metal redox solution. The method and apparatus of the present invention is particularly useful for treating gas streams containing both H.sub.2 S and HCN concurrently for destruction of the cyanide salts and cyanide complexes and conversion of H.sub.2 S and by-product salts to elemental sulfur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry type simultaneous desulfurization and dedusting method in forming moving beds with a granulate desulfurizing and dedusting agent containing as the principle composition 5-95 weight % of iron oxide and 95-5 weight % of metallic iron, and contacting these moving beds with the gas containing hydrogen sulfide and dust, thereby simultaneously desulfurizing and dedusting the gas.

Abstract: After aerating sewage sludge in a composting process, a stream of process air is treated to remove odors therefrom by injecting into the airstream an atomized mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and dilute surfactant to remove ammonia and odorous organic compounds therefrom. The airstream is then oxidized with bleach to remove sulfides and treated with a hydrogen peroxide solution to remove chlorine introduced by the bleach while maintaining the oxidation reaction. A dilution fan is used to further dilute the scrubbed airstream as the airstream is exhausted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Method for the removal of nitrogen from the exhausts of burners after they are cleaned of dust or sulfur, in which the nitrogen-bearing exhaust gases are reheated by the transfer of heat from the denitrogenated exhaust gases in a regenerative heat exchanger.Before they are finally heated to the temperature level of the reduction reaction, the nitrogen-bearing exhaust gases, and, after their reduction, the denitrogenated exhaust gases, are passed countercurrently to one another in a cyclical alternation, through heat exchanging storage masses in an additional catalytic converter serving as the main converter, whose surfaces are provided with catalytically active compounds.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided in accordance with practice of this invention for lowering the molar ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 in flue gas by converting a portion of flue gas nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), for removing the associated oxides of sulfur (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen (NO.sub.x) from the flue gas prior to discharge of the flue gas into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Heretofore, soot particles are removed from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by means of a ceramic filter, which must periodically be replaced, namely, each time it is used up. The new apparatus is to remove soot particles continually from the exhaust gases without diminishing the filtering action. In a two-part casing there are provided for the exhaust gases, in a first casing half with the inlet and in a second casing half with the outlet, a first deflector chamber for the exhaust gases. In the first casing half there is located a quiescent zone for the exhaust gases and--surrounded by the two casing halves--a heating system which is flown through three times by the exhaust gases. The apparatus produces a strong combustion of the soot particles present in the exhaust gases and is not subject to any exhaustion, since it does not store soot particles but burn the same as much as possible.

Abstract: A system is provided for reducing detectable hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine and for retarding the formation of sulfate including a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a first exhaust gas glow passage extending from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, a first catalyst bed positioned within the first flow passage, a second exhaust gas flow passage extending from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, and a second catalyst bed positioned within the second flow passage. Also provided is a valve for directing the flow of the exhaust gas through one of the first and second flow passages, and an electronic control for controlling the valve in response to engine load and exhaust gas temperature such that the exhaust gas is directed through the first flow passage and the first catalyst bed under low engine load and low exhaust gas temperature conditions and through the second flow passage and the second catalyst bed under high engine load and high exhaust gas temperature conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a flue gas provided with a heater and an apparatus for removing NOx on the downstream side of an apparatus for removing SOx, where a heat exchanger for heat exchanging a treated gas from the apparatus for removing NOx with conbustion air is provided on the downstream side of the apparatus for removing NOx, whereby the waste heat of the treated gas can be efficiently utilized and the heat required for heating the flue gas can be reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a new and useful combined muffler and catalytic converter exhaust unit for the exhaust stream from an internal combustion engine, the combined unit comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet, first and second chambers within the housing, an oxidation/reduction catalyst within the first chamber, noise muffling means within the second chamber, and wherein the first chamber has an inlet leading to the inlet of the housing and an outlet leading to an inlet of the second chamber, and the second chamber has an outlet leading to the outlet of the housing.

Abstract: In a smog control system comprising a plurality of fans or blowers which are located to introduce air into a smog particle destruction chamber operated with lazer energy. The smog particles are broken down and the air is passed into a filtering chamber which may preferrably adopt the form of a liquid charcoal chamber. The air may be preferably bubbled through the liquid charcoal and the effluent may then be passed into a freshening agent chamber where a freshening agent may be added to the air. The air may then pass as an effluent from the freshening agent chamber. A liquid charcoal supply may be connected to the liquid charcoal chamber and the recovered liquid charcoal which has been spent may be reused for other purposes.

Abstract: A regenerative bed incinerator 10 incorporates a dwell chamber 18 disposed between a pair of spaced regenerative heat exchange the beds 14A and 14B, one of which serves as a gas preheating bed and the other of which serves as a gas cooling bed. At periodic intervals, the direction of flow through the incinerator 10 is reversed so that the functions of the beds 14A and 14B is reversed. A hot gas vent duct 80 is provided for selectively bypassing a portion 7 of the hot, incinerated process exhaust gases 5 around the gas cooling bed into the gas exhaust duct 70 for venting to the atmosphere. A bypass damper 88, which is controlled by control means 86 in responsive to exit gas temperature measurements from thermocouple 90, is positioned in the hot gas vent duct 80 to control the amount of hot, incinerated process exhaust gases bypass around the gas cooling bed.

Abstract: A cylindrical scrubbing column having a cylindrical water-separator head is provided with an upwardly converging partition defining a diametrically extending elongated slot which communicates between the scrubbing region of the column and the head, the slot being aligned with a radial outlet for the flue gases from the head. The slot is flanked by a pair of longitudinally-extending impingement baffle register walls which remove water from the entraining flue gas by impingement baffle separation techniques and a further wall is provided at the end of the slot turned toward the radial outlet. The walls can converge in the direction of flow of the gas upwardly and the compartments behind the walls communicate with the radial outlet. The system has reduced pressure drop without detrimental effect to the separating efficiency.

Abstract: In the desulfurization of flue gas utilizing limestone as absorbent in a double loop system, in which the flue gas is introduced into a quenching zone for contact with a first slurry of the limestone, and thereafter passes to an absorbing zone for further contact with a second limestone slurry, the two slurries being supplied from a mixing zone into which water and limestone are charged, and in which air is introduced into the quenching zone to convert the calcium sulfite present in it to gypsum, air is also supplied to the mixing zone to convert calcium sulfite in it to gypsum, and limestone is directly added to the quenching zone.

Abstract: A scrubber module (16) of the wet type includes a partition (26) extending across the upper end of a tank (20) between the dirty flue gas inlet (28) and the clean flue gas outlet (30). The partition (26) takes the form of a plurality of hollow fingers (32), the zigzag lower edge of which is submerged in the aqueous absorbent (22). Oxygen-containing gas such as air is introduced into the lower end of the tank (20) as the partially cleaned flue gas from a baghouse or precipitator (76) is forced underneath the partition (26) at the upper end of the tank to facilitate oxidation and absorption of the sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in solution.

Abstract: An integrated system for the derivation of useful energy from impure steam and/or use in connection therewith, said steam containing both hydrogen sulfide and an alkaline acting component, such as ammonia, while producing liquid-phase and gaseous-phase effluents from condensation of the impure steam and substantially reducing the emission of sulfur-containing compounds to the environment. Treatment of such effluents to selectively react or bind alkaline acting components in the liquid-phase results in an augmented concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous-phase and its depletion in the liquid-phase. The gaseous-phase comprising noncondensable gas contaminants and uncondensed water vapor is separated from the liquid-phase steam condensate and treated to remove hydrogen sulfide to produce an environmentally acceptable vent gas which may be discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Gas reacting apparatus and method are described for wet mass transfer of solute gases from a gas stream with a liquid or slurry reacting medium capable of chemisorption of solute gases in the gas stream. The apparatus comprises an elongated conduit defining a primary reaction zone in fluid-flow communication with a fan defining both a secondary reaction zone and a spray coalescence zone, and a plurality of dual-fluid spray nozzles coaxially spaced in series within the conduit and countercurrently or cocurrently directed to the gas stream for spraying the liquid or slurry reacting medium into said conduit to form a plurality of spray contact zones of uniformly-distributed fine droplets wherein intimate contact of high interfacial surface area between the sprayed liquid or slurry and the gas stream is effected to remove solute gases from the gas stream.

Abstract: In a process for cleaning, cleaning a packed column utilized in a gas scrubbing operation wherein the packing is obstructed by solids formed during the scrubbing step, the obstructions are removed in a maximally economical fashion and without interrupting of normal operation. The packed column contains at least n, wherein n>1, superimposed packed beds spatially separated from one another. During cleaning, the lowermost up to maximally the (n-1)th packed bed are flooded with scrubbing agent. Preferably, the packed column is used for scrubbing H.sub.2 S out of a feedgas mixture with an oxidative scrubbing agent wherein sulfur is formed during the scrubbing operation and deposited in the packed beds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device for gascleaning. The method is characterized in that materials are recirculated between a scrubber loop (4,5,6,7,8)and a loop (4,11,9,2,3,10), said material being separated after a certain recirculation via a means (3) in the form of a deflection sheet direct to a container (10) in a dry form.

Abstract: A method for production of nitrogen for application at high pressure, preferably for pressure injection in submarine or substerranean oil or natural gas wells, by combination of natural gas in air, which is compressed prior to the combustion, for binding of the oxygen content of the air in carbon dioxide to be removed from the flue gas by absorption, whereas the remaining nitrogen is pressurized to a predetermined high pressure suitable for such application.

Abstract: In the desulfurization of flue gas utilizing limestone as absorbent in a double loop system, in which the flue gas is introduced into a quenching zone for contact with a first slurry of the limestone, and thereafter passes to an absorbing zone for further contact with a second limestone slurry, the two slurries being supplied from a mixing zone into which water and limestone are charged, and in which air is introduced into the quenching zone to convert the calcium sulfite present in it to gypsum, air is also supplied to the mixing zone to convert calcium sulfite in it to gypsum, and limestone is directly added to the quenching zone.

Abstract: Gas reacting apparatus and method are described for wet mass transfer of solute gases from a gas stream with a liquid or slurry reacting medium capable of chemisorption of solute gases in the gas stream. The apparatus comprises an elongated conduit means defining a primary reaction zone in fluid-flow communication with a fan means defining both a secondary reaction zone and a spray coalescence zone, and plurality of dual fluid spray means coaxially spaced in series within the conduit means and countercurrently or cocurrently directed to the gas stream for spraying the liquid or slurry reacting medium into said conduit means to form a plurality of spray contact zones of uniformly-distributed fine droplets wherein intimate contact of high interfacial surface area between the sprayed liquid or slurry and the gas stream is effected to remove solute gases from the gas stream.

Abstract: A scrubber module (16) of the wet type includes a partition (26) extending across the upper end of a tank (20) between the dirty flue gas inlet (28) and the clean flue gas outlet (30). The partition (26) takes the form of a plurality of hollow fingers (32), the zig-zag lower edge of which is submerged in the aqueous absorbent (22). Oxygen-containing gas such as air is introduced into the lower end of the tank (20) as the flue gas is forced underneath the partition (26) at the upper end of the tank without pre-cleaning of the flue gas to facilitate wetting and capture of the fly ash particulate as well as oxidation and absorption of the sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in solution, in the same vessel. A spray dryer and separator (84) is provided for removal of chloride in dry particulate form as calcium chloride before passage of the flue gas through the aqueous absorbent in the tank (20).

Abstract: A scrubber module (16) of the wet type includes a partition (26) extending across the upper end of a tank (20) between the dirty flue gas inlet (28) and the clean flue gas outlet (30). The partition (26) takes the form of a plurality of hollow fingers (32), the zig-zag lower edge of which is submerged in the aqueous absorbent (22). Oxygen-containing gas such as air is introduced into the lower end of the tank (20) as the flue gas is forced underneath the partition (26) at the upper end of the tank without pre-cleaning of the flue gas to facilitate wetting and capture of the fly ash particulate as well as oxidation and adsorption of the sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in solution, in the same vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for intimately mixing and contacting first and second fluids for purposes of scrubbing and cleaning one of the fluids with the other. The apparatus includes a venturi mixer device having a nozzle and feed conduit for mixing two fluid streams together. In addition, the venturi mixer device has an impingement member upon which the mixed stream of fluids impinge immediately following the mixing of the streams of fluid. The venturi mixer devices are preferably arranged in a cascade arrangement with subsequent devices being spaced a vertical distance from the previous respective devices. First and second fluids are mixed together in the initial venturi mixer device. The mixed effluents from the initial and intermediate venturi mixer devices are used as the drive fluid for subsequent, respective, downstream venturi mixer devices to further mix additional second fluid to the mixed effluents.

Abstract: Hot flue gas, such as the flue gas from a fossil fuel furnace or a waste incinerator, to be scrubbed to remove acidic gas, such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas, and particulates, such as fly ash, is passed to a primary drying chamber and contacted therein with a spray of droplets of an absorbent liquid containing particles of an alkali or alkaline reactant. The droplets are partially dried in the primary drying chamber to a tacky condition before reaching a foraminous collecting member extending through a lower portion of the primary drying chamber wherein it collects as a moist, porous mat. As the flue gas continues to flow through the mat depositing on the collecting member, the mat serves as a filter for removing particulates, including fly ash, in the gas and the remaining sulfur oxides in the gas react with unreacted particles of reactant and reactive ingredients of the fly ash collected in the mat.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtration of particles and neutralization of sulfurous anhydride for smoke and gases discharged by a boiler includes a scrubbing train, which in turn includes a heat recovery device that receives on an inlet thereof, the smoke and gases, and lowers the temperature thereof by a heat exchanger to cool the same to a temperature within the range of 10.degree.-25.degree. C.

Abstract: A subassembly for controlling the mount density of an intumescent mat around a frangible catalyst coated monolith of unknown but varied dimension when the monolith is installed in a catalytic converter, wherein a convolute sleeve of thin intumescent mat from a single piece is wrapped in sufficient layers around the monolith to provide a resultant monolith-mat subassembly of predetermined dimension.

Abstract: A scrubber module (16) of the wet type includes a partition (26) extending across the upper end of a tank (20) between the dirty flue gas inlet (28) and the clean flue gas outlet (30). The partition (26) takes the form of a plurality of hollow fingers (32), the zig-zag lower edge of which is submerged in the aqueous absorbent (22). Oxygen-containing gas such as air is introduced into the lower end of the tank (20) as the flue gas is forced underneath the partition (26) at the upper end of the tank without pre-cleaning of the flue gas to facilitate wetting and capture of the fly ash particulate as well as oxidation and absorption of the sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in solution, in the same vessel.

Abstract: A gas stream containing CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S is contacted with an alkanolamine in a contacting zone. The rich solution is then selectively stripped in a stripping zone to produce a gas stream containing a higher CO.sub.2 :H.sub.2 S mole ratio than the initial stream. This stream can be recycled to the alkanolamine contacting zone. The partially stripped solution can be introduced into another stripping zone to provide a third gas stream which is rich in H.sub.2 S and lean in CO.sub.2 suitable as feed for a Claus Unit and a lean alkanolamine solution which can be recycled to the contacting zone.

Abstract: An amalgam-preparing chamber and mercury-capturing device therefor, which includes an amalgam-preparing chamber which is positioned on top of a mercury-capturing device, and wherein:(a) the amalgam-preparing chamber includes a space enclosed by a wall having a plate base at the lower end of the space, and wherein the wall has a transparent section, the base having a plurality of small openings into the mercury-capturing device; and an amalgam-preparing device in the enclosed space, and whereby the enclosed space is exposed to view by the transparent section in the wall, and further wherein the chamber has an openable door therefore; and wherein:(b) the mercury-capturing device includes:(i) an upper closed separation chamber in flow communication with the openings in the base, and(ii) a lower mercury vapor treatment chamber, wherein the upper and lower chambers are separated by an inclining partition which extends downwardly into a mercury reservoir groove with a discharge cock at the lower edge thereof, and w

Abstract: Method and equipment are disclosed for production of nitrogen and carbon dioxide by a dual phase combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel and air, the exhaust products of the second phase of combustion being treated in a monoethanolamine absorber by which the carbon monoxide is absorbed and the nitrogen and carbon dioxide separated. The first stage of the dual phase combustion is effected in one or more combustion prime movers or engines and the second phase of combustion is effected by the addition of fuel to the exhaust products of the engine or engines; and a compressor is driven by each engine and the separated gases are separately passed through engine-driven compressors.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing an acidic component from a gas comprising two absorption columns for washing a crude gas by using two concentrations of alkali-containing aqueous solutions. The alkali-containing solution used in the first step has a pH of 6-13 and the solution used in the second step has a 0.3-2.5 N concentration. A specific gravity control device is used to control the concentration of the solution circulated for the second step. A pH control device is used to control the pH of the solution circulated for the first step. The pH control device controls a valve which regulates the addition of the second step solution into the tank of the first step solution as needed.

Abstract: A scrubber for desulfurization of gases, in particular flue gases of a boiler furnace includes two scrubbing zones each having a plurality of spaced arrays of nozzles for washing the gas with a respective washing liquid containing sulfur compound binding additives. At the bottom portion of the scrubber, the liquid discharged from the nozzles and containing sulfur compounds forms a sump to which limestone is added. From the sump two circulation systems extend. Each circulation system includes a pump which draws off a respective washing liquid from the sump and conveys the latter to the associated one of the scrubbing zones whereby whitewash or lime milk is introduced into one of the circulation systems.

Abstract: An "in-line" exhaust processor includes a housing having an inlet for introducing a combustion product from an engine and an outlet for exhausting filtered or otherwise treated combustion product from the housing. A first substrate is situated in a forward or upstream position within the housing to filter combustion product introduced into the housing through the inlet. A second substrate is situated in an adjacent rearward or downstream position within the housing to filter combustion product from at least two sources in the manner explained below. Each substrate includes a cellular structure having opposite inlet and outlet ends and a longitudinal axis. The housing includes a first clam shell portion and a complementary second clam shell portion joined to the first clam shell portion to surround and hold the substrate pair in series.

Abstract: In the method and device for separation of harmful substances from a flue gas, in an absorption-heat exchanger arrangement both washing and also cooling of the flue gas is carried out, the flue gas being cooled below the dew point and this cooling process taking place by means of exterior air in counter flow. The flue gas is divided during its passage through the heat exchanger into at least two parallel part flows of which the first part flow is directed into a first treatment zone and the second part flow is directed into a second treatment zone. The two treatment zones are connected parallel to one another. In the first treatment zone a first absorption liquid is introduced into the flue gas which effects extensive removal of harmful substances from the flue gas, while in the second treatment zone a second absorption liquid is introduced into the flue gas, in which second absorption liquid precipitated harmful substances are soluble, to clean equipment surfaces.

Abstract: An ammonia reduction-denitration process for exhaust gases containing NO.sub.x consisting mainly of NO.sub.2, and an apparatus therefor are provided, which process comprises treating the exhaust gases with ammonia using a catalyst which is active to both a reaction of (NO.sub.2 +NH.sub.3 .fwdarw.N.sub.2 +N.sub.2 O+H.sub.2 O) and a reaction of (N.sub.2 O+NH.sub.3 .fwdarw.N.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O) at an area velocity of 3 m/h or less and in a concentration ratio of NH.sub.3 /NO.sub.2 of 1.3 or more. According to this process, it is possible to reduce NO.sub.2 contained in the exhaust gases with ammonia at one stage without by-producing N.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A metal-refining process and a corresponding system characterized by being adapted to minimize the health hazard by appropriate purification of the gases or vapor products resulting from acid action on a metal compound. This metal refining features the use of vacuum at a downstream point to regulate the admixing of air with the vapor products in the effluent and to draw activating air in the mixture of acid and metal compound at the upstream point. This refining system includes gas outlet manifolds constructed and arranged to enhance the purification of the vapor products by comminuting the vapor products into small bubbles upwardly through a water tank. Each manifold consists of a casing having a plurality of small gas outlet apertures each communicating with a small tube which extends within the casing and has a bevelled end for self-cleaning of the tube. These tubes prevent clogging of the apertures by solid particles in the gas flowing through the casing.

Abstract: An "in-line" exhaust processor includes a housing having an inlet for introducing a combustion product from an engine and an outlet for exhausting filtered or otherwise treated combustion product from the housing. A first substrate is situated in a forward or upstream position within the housing to filter combustion product introduced into the housing through the inlet. A second substrate is situated in an adjacent rearward or downstream position within the housing to filter combustion product from at least two sources in the manner explained below. Each substrate includes a cellular structure having opposite inlet and outlet ends and a longitudinal axis. The housing includes a first clam shell portion and a complementary second clam shell portion joined to the first clam shell portion to surround and hold the substrate pair in series.