Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating flue gas by injection of an aqueous liquid in the form of droplets and subsequent separation thereof are described. In the treatment, the flue gas and droplets are conducted towards a baffle means, on which droplets are deposited and form a liquid film, and the flue gas is made to pass through the liquid film. The apparatus comprises a quencher having an inlet for the flue gas, nozzles for injecting an aqueous liquid in the form of droplets into the flue gas, and an outlet for the flue gas. The apparatus is characterized in that a baffle means is arranged in the path of flow in the flue gas for depositing liquid droplets and forming a liquid film, and that deflection means are arranged under the baffle means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel and most efficient scrubber for the treatment of flue gases from power generation plants or from chemical plants, in order to absorb objectionable impurities, such as SO2, SO3, HCl, nitrous oxides, into a water-based solution, in which solids are not substantially precipitated. The novel scrubber comprises: a horizontal chamber, with a basis rectangular vertical cross section, divided along the horizontal axis into a number of compartments by vertically-draining demisters covering the whole vertical cross section; a shallow liquid-collecting sump in each compartment, which can be sloped in any convenient direction; a pump which distributes the liquid from each such sump, at a controlled flow-rate to a series of spray nozzles in the same compartment, generating 3-5 vertical “falling curtains” perpendicularly to the gas flow and covering the whole vertical cross section, while the liquid drops fall back into the sump.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wet flue gas desulfurization in a two-circuit washer having two washers for an absorption agent based on suspensions containing calcium compounds, a sump for supplying the absorption agent to the first washer, and a container for at least partial recovery of the absorption agent from the second washer. The absorption agent, while being returned to the container, is actively brought into contact with oxygen to oxidize calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate. The return line has apparatus for actively blowing in oxygen with only a relatively slight overpressure necessary to blow the air into the absorption agent. The absorption agent to be oxidized is already moving because the difference in elevation along the return line from the recovery apparatus to the container, whereby the absorption agent then arrives more or less completely oxidized.

Abstract: A device for adsorbing at least one component of an exhaust gas, in particular in an exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an adsorber having a volume through which an exhaust gas can flow at a temperature and a mass flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reaction chamber cleaning apparatus comprising a chamber, a blade apparatus comprising at least one annular mounting member, at least four scraping blades attached peripherally about the annular mounting member, and a reciprocal movement unit for rotating said scraping blade(s) circumferentially back and forth along the interior surface of said chamber to scrape the interior surface of said chamber; said reaction chamber cleaning apparatus also comprising a vortex unit comprising a generally conical outer shell attached to and extending downwardly from the top plate top plate, and a liquid inlet arranged in relation to the outer shell to tangentially introduce liquid into the outer shell, thereby forming a laminar sheet of fluid on the inner surface of the outer shell; said vortex unit further comprising a baffle and a concentric chamber bounded by the outer surface of the baffle, the inner surface of the outer shell, and the bottom surface of the top plate.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas and forming ammonium salts is described, along with a method for conversion of the ammonium salts into thiosulfate. Also described are an apparatus for absorbing sulfur dioxide from flue gas and an apparatus for converting ammonium salts into thiosulfate. The apparatus for absorbing sulfur dioxide from flue gas includes a multistage scrubber. The apparatus for converting ammonium salts into thiosulfate includes a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing a perfluoride compound (PFC) and SiF4 is conducted into a silicon remover and brought into contact with water. A reaction water supplied from a water supplying piping and air supplied from an air supplying piping are mixed with the exhaust gas exhausted from the silicon remover. The exhaust gas containing water, air, and CF4 is heated at 700° C. by a heater. The exhaust gas containing PFC is conducted to a catalyst layer filled with an alumina group catalyst. The PFC is decomposed to HF and CO2 by the catalyst. The exhaust gas containing HF and CO2 at a high temperature exhausted from the catalyst layer is cooled in a cooling apparatus. Subsequently, the exhaust gas is conducted to an acidic gas removing apparatus to remove HF. In this way, the silicon component is removed from the exhaust gas before introducing the exhaust gas into the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A system for abating dangerous substances, for example, from a semiconductor fabrication process tool, comprises a thermal oxidation unit configured to accept a waste gas stream, a particulate remover directly coupled to the thermal oxidation unit, a universal sump chassis directly coupled to the particulate remover, a packed column directly coupled to the universal sump chassis, and a dry scrub canister coupled to the packed column. An embodiment includes multiple parallel components, that is, two or more thermal oxidation units, each configured to accept a different waste gas stream which may be combustible when mixed, two or more particulate removers and two or more packed columns, each directly coupled to the universal sump chassis. A method comprises, first, oxidizing combustible substances; second, removing particulate-phase and water-soluble gas-phase components; third, absorbing acid gases; and last, adsorbing residual contaminants.

Abstract: A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing harmful components of a perfluorocarbon gas or a perfluorocompound, comprising:

Abstract: An air pollution control assembly for treating flue gas streams containing acid gases. The assembly is comprised of an evaporative cooler assembly or a spray dryer gas distribution system. The assembly further has a reagent injection venturi assembly and a baghouse assembly. The baghouse assembly includes a filter cake management system which is automatically activated with respect to time and the pressure differential across the filter bags.

Abstract: A device and method for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas from lean-burn internal combustion engines, e.g., diesel engines used in motor vehicles, includes a feed for a reducing agent, an NH3 sensor for measuring the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gas, and an exhaust pipe with NOx reduction catalytic converter. The arrangement configured to feed in reducing agent includes a control circuit for quantitatively continuously controllable supply of reducing agent to the exhaust gas, the control variable of the control circuit being the NH3 concentration measured by the NH3 sensor, and the guide variable of the control circuit being an NH3 concentration value which may be predetermined as a function of the operating point of the internal combustion engine. The NOx reduction catalytic converter is divided into at least two parts which are separate from one another and are arranged in series in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving contact between a liquid and a reactant gas by moving the liquid in a serpentine path that moves horizontally and vertically through individual chambers or stations in an elongated tank or reactor and introducing a reactant gas into the liquid in one or more of the stations or chambers as the liquid moves through the tank or reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing harmful components of a perfluorocarbon gas or a perfluorocompound. The apparatus includes a first water scrubber for washing an exhaust gas containing a perfluorocarbon or a perfluorocompound discharged from a manufacturing equipment. The apparatus further includes a gas decomposer-burner tower having a gas decomposer room connected to an upper end of the first water scrubber for mixing at least one of a hydrocarbon gas and NH3 gas with the exhaust gas washed by the first water scrubber and thermally decomposing a resulting mixed gas. The apparatus further includes a burner room, a heater below the heater in the gas decomposer room and the burner room, a grating below the heater in the gas decomposer room and the burner room.

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A configuration for decomposing nitrogen oxides in a gas stream includes a plurality of catalytic converters disposed one after the other through which the gas stream can flow. Each of the catalytic converters has a honeycomb structure with many parallel cells through which the gas stream can flow. Each of the catalytic converters also has a predetermined cell density and a predetermined average level of activity defined as a proportion by weight of the catalytically active agent. The predetermined cell density of a second catalytic converter through which the gas stream flows after a first catalytic converter is lower than the predetermined cell density of the first catalytic converter. The predetermined average level of activity of the second catalytic converter is also higher than the predetermined average level of activity of the first catalytic converter. The configuration is preferably used in conjunction with an exhaust gas from a combustion drive unit.

Abstract: A gas phase reactor for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in a gas stream includes a shell enclosing an interior space in which is located at least one catalyst bed containing a catalyst for the selective conversion of NOx. An injector upstream of the catalyst introduces a reducing agent such as ammonia into the inlet gas stream. The catalyst bed can include particulate, monolith, or microengineered catalyst. A burner is employed to raise the temperature of the inlet gas stream. A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from treated gas to the inlet gas. Optionally, a deflector is used to deflect gas flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A parallel flow reactor for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in a gas stream includes a shell enclosing an interior space in which is located a plurality of substantially parallel planar catalyst beds, each containing a catalyst for the selective conversion of NOx. Deflectors in the spaces between the catalyst beds direct the flow of gas through the beds. An injector upstream of the catalyst beds introduces a reducing agent such as ammonia into the inlet gas stream. The catalyst bed can include monolith or microengineered catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a filter system, a regeneration system, a combined soot-removing system and applications for the systems. The filter system may act as a purifier and a muffler for heavy and light duty diesel vehicles. The invention is a unique dual pass filter system that removes particulates and nitrogen oxides in successive passes before the gas exits the filter. The regeneration system includes an electric-powered heat source for safety and better control of the regeneration process. A motor vehicle application is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device for a lean-burn engine that can be produced at a low cost. The exhaust gas purification device includes a three-way catalyst that, during stoichiometric operation of the engine, removes a lower proportion of CO than the proportion of HC removed. The three-way catalyst is positioned in the device on the upstream side of an exhaust pipe of the lean-burn engine, and a lean NOx catalyst is positioned in the device on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe. A perovskite type double oxide is used as the three-way catalyst instead of a precious metal.

Abstract: Denitrated combustion exhaust gas is desulfurized with ammonia, the waste water obtained from washing the desulfurization waste water or dust ash is filtered using calcium carbonate, the pH of the filtrate is adjusted, carbon dioxide and/or aqueous carbonic acid is added and then a flocculating agent is added, and ammonia is recovered from the supernatant after precipitation and separation of the solid portion. The recovered ammonia is added to the denitrated gas for treatment of the combustion exhaust gas.

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating pollutants in a gaseous stream. The apparatus comprises tubular inlets for mixing a gas stream with other oxidative and inert gases for mixture and flame production within a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is heated by heating elements and has an interior wall with orifices through which heated air enters into the central reaction chamber. The oxidized gases are treated also for particles removal by flowing through a packed bed. The packed bed is cooled and its upper portion with air inlets to enhance condensation and particle growth in the bed. The treated gas stream is also scrubbed in a continuous regenerative scrubber comprising at least two vertically separated beds in which one bed can be regenerated while the other is operative so that the flow may be continuously passed through the bed.

Abstract: A short shell highly insulated converter includes a short shell forming a generally tubular body for housing a catalyst substrate. End cones having a wide-open end and a narrow open end comprise an inner wall forming a first opening at the wide-open end for engaging the catalyst substrate. The end cones further comprise an outer wall extending beyond the inner wall to form a second wider opening at the wide-open end for engaging the short shell. The inner wall and outer wall converge at the narrow open end to form a snout. A full-length insulating layer is disposed adjacent the catalyst substrate and is selected based upon the amount of overlap between the end cone and the catalyst substrate, the full-length insulating layer being substantially co-extensive with the catalyst substrate. A partial length insulating layer is disposed between the inner insulating layer and the short shell, the partial length insulating layer being generally co-extensive with the short shell.

Abstract: A system for converting at least one exhaust-gas component of an exhaust-gas stream of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system contains a first device that has a catalytic action and a second device that is positioned downstream of the first device in a direction of flow of the exhaust-gas stream. The second device has at least one electrically heatable first honeycomb body and a second honeycomb body that has at least one coating which at least partly absorbs hydrocarbons, and a third electrically heatable honeycomb body. Three honeycomb bodies are disposed behind each other in the direction of flow of the exhaust-gas stream.

Abstract: This device is a pollution control device for reducing harmful emissions found in combustion gases. The device has a body having a first portion and a second portion, releasably connected together to form a chamber therebetween. The device also has an exhaust gas inlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. The pollution control device has at least one web member across the chamber, and a plurality of catalytic converter elements held in the web member. In use, exhaust gases pass through the catalytic converter elements when passing through the chamber between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet.

Abstract: The present invention makes possible the recycling of exhaust has components in a manufacturing process by cooling, liquefaction, and recovery, and to use toxic or useful gases without disposal, and to dramatically reduce the frequency of exhaust system maintenance by combining such a recovery method with a vacuum exhaust system.

Abstract: Enclosed workplaces within a building are kept habitable by a central HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) system. These systems are designed and operated in accordance with professional standards-of-care promulgated by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers), the ASHRAE 62-1989 Standard. An intent of the Standard is to preclude the recirculation of contaminants which, without mitigation, degrade indoor air quality. The disclosure is directed to an insertion module for installation in the return air path of an HVAC system that includes first and second stages that reduce nitrogen dioxide and ozone contaminants, in a gas-to-gas dry process reaction, to set point controlled levels in the return air.

Abstract: An improved gas scrubber is provided. The gas scrubber includes a combustion chamber and a wetting chamber. Between the combustion chamber and the wetting chamber is a mechanism or means that substantially prevent formation of particulate matter, or powder, forming between the two chambers. The combustion chamber serves to eliminate explosive and flammable elements contained in an incoming gas. Those elements are eliminated by burning the incoming gas. The wetting chamber may be placed below the combustion chamber to eliminate a water soluble element of the gas which is not burned in the combustion chamber by dissolving those elements in water. The mechanism or means placed between the two chambers helps eliminate the powder produced due to the temperature difference between the combustion chamber and the wetting chamber at the interface between the two chambers.

Abstract: A gas scrubber system for purifying waste gas into clean air has first and second waste gas combustors for oxidizing waste gas introduced thereinto by heat and hot filtering particulates present in the oxidized waste gas, a gas channel switching unit for controlling flow of the waste gas introduced into the first and the second waste gas combustors, first and second coolers disposed downstream of the first and the second waste gas combustors for cooling down the oxidized waste gas discharged from the first and the second waste gas combustors, and a cold filtering unit disposed downstream of the first and the second coolers for filtering particulates present in the cold waste gas discharged from the first and the second coolers.

Abstract: A combined removal system for separating carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide gases from furnace flue gases employs a single vessel having two chambers. The chambers are separated by a series of baffles and drains. The lower, primary chamber contains reagent and a delivery system for removing sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3) from the flue gases. The upper, secondary chamber has a reagent, typically an amine solution, for removing carbon dioxide from the flue gases. The baffles and drains permit the flue gases to rise from the primary chamber into the secondary chamber, while collecting the amine solution which is used to trap the carbon dioxide. Alternatively, the primary and secondary chambers may be separated by a horizontal segment or a combination of horizontal and vertical sections.

Abstract: A CFB reactor or combustor having a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system employed downstream of the CFB reactor or combustor furnace together with a dry scrubber system to achieve enhanced NO, reduction.

Abstract: A limestone furnace calcination process involves injecting finely divided limestone particles into a zone in a furnace at which the temperature of the flue gas stream, as it passes through the zone, is above the minimum calcination temperature and below the minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature. In conventional furnaces, the minimum calcination temperature, or the calcium carbonate decomposition temperature, ranges from about 1,365 to 1,430° F. The minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature refers to the temperature below which the rate of quicklime sulfation of the lime produced by calcination of the limestone is sufficiently slow to result in negligible calcium sulfate formation on the resultant lime, and in conventional furnace applications ranges from 1,600 to 1,800° F.

Abstract: Part of a hydrogen sulphide containing feed gas is burnt in a furnace 6 in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air. Sulphur dioxide is formed and reacts with remaining hydrogen sulphide to form sulphur vapour which is extracted by means of a condenser 16. The resulting sulphur vapour depleted gas stream is reduced to hydrogen sulphide in a reactor 22. Water vapour is removed from the gas mixture by condensation in a quench tower 32. A part of the resulting water-depleted gas stream is recycled to the furnace 6. Another part is sent for further treatment to form a purge stream.

Abstract: A gas scrubber with an automatic disassembling device in accordance with the present invention comprises a burning chamber to treat the gas with heat, a wetting chamber connected to the burning chamber for removing water soluble components contained in the gas flowing in from the burning chamber, an outlet which exhausts gas that has been treated, and a housing that contains both the burning chamber and the wetting chamber, wherein said wetting chamber slides out of the housing along guide rails placed at the bottom side edges of the wetting chamber. The bottom back edge of the burning chamber is connected to the top back edge of the wetting chamber with a hinge and a pivot member is placed on both sides of the burning chamber so that when the wetting chamber slides out along the guide rail to the outside to the housing, the burning chamber rotates about 90 degrees in the inside of the housing.

Abstract: A catalytic converter configuration for exhaust gas systems of motor vehicles includes a housing surrounding at least two substantially successively disposed catalyst carrier bodies each having axial channels with normal cross-sectional areas. The first catalyst carrier body has at least two or more through-flow apertures running parallel to the axial channels and having second cross-sectional areas substantially larger than the first cross-sectional areas. A device and a method are provided for manufacturing a catalyst carrier body, in particular the first catalyst carrier body, from at least one stack of a multiplicity of at least partly structured sheet metal layers forming a multiplicity of channels through which a fluid can flow. A fork-like twisting device is rotatable about a central axis, engages each stack and is substantially surrounded by a mold. Active winding spindles are disposed on a carrier of the twisting device.

Abstract: A reconfigurable waste treatment system having one or more waste treatment units such as scrubbers, absorption units, and thermal destruction units, is provided for treating waste supplied to the treatment system from one or more waste sources. The treatment units are selectively connected between an output and an input of a distribution manifold. Each input may be selectively connected to a desired output to achieve a desired configuration of treatment units. A venturi vacuum pump and an inert gas supply are used to assist the evacuation of waste from the waste source. The inert gas can also be used to charge the system as a whole or selected treatment devices, when not in use, to prevent the accumulation of moisture therein. A flow/pressure regulator prevents the system from being overloaded. Holding vessels are provided for collecting waste to allow staged treatment and/or sampling. The system is enclosed in a containment chamber to prevent insufficiently treated waste from escaping into the environment.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine, having a nitrogen oxide removing device provided in an exhaust system of said engine for absorbing nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gases in an exhaust lean condition. An amount of change per unit time in the sulfur oxide amount absorbed in the nitrogen oxide removing device is estimated according to the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to said engine and the operating condition of said engine. The estimated amount of change is accumulated to thereby estimate the sulfur oxide amount absorbed in the nitrogen oxide removing device. The sulfur oxide is removed from the nitrogen oxide removing device when the estimated sulfur oxide amount has reached a set value.

Abstract: A heat recovery and pollution abatement process with stackless operation for removing the products of combustion from hot boiler flue gas (45) comprising the steps of passing said hot boiler flue gas through a cloud of steam or mist (46), cooling the hot moist flue gas and recovering the heat therefrom (47), passing the partly cooled hot moist flue gas through a second cloud of mist comprised of cold water to total saturation (48), collecting the resulting stream of acid water, forcing the treated flue gas, mixing the treated flue gas with outside air, directing the forced treated air to atmosphere, shutting off the process in the absence of boiler flue gas.

Abstract: The invention is in an apparatus for the remediation of particulate material and gaseous pollutants from a flue gas flow that is simple and highly efficient in removing nearly all toxic pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide, from a flue gas flow, and includes a manifold that is to receive and pass a polluted flue gas flow that mounts an injector that is fitted into the manifold wall to inject finely ground sorbent materials counter-current to the flue gas flow, creating turbulence and a thorough mixing to effect compaction and/or agglomerization of the pollutant and sorbent particles.

Abstract: A feed gas stream containing hydrogen sulphide is subjected in a furnace 6 to reactions in which part of the hydrogen sulphide is burned to form sulphur dioxide, and is which the sulphur dioxide reacts with residual hydrogen sulphide to form sulphur vapor. The sulphur vapor is condensed from the gas stream exiting the furnace 6 in a sulphur condenser 16. Residual sulphur dioxide is reduced back to hydrogen sulphide by hydrogen in a reactor 22. Water vapor is removed from the reduced gas in a quench tower 28 to form a water vapor-depleted gas stream. One part of the water vapor-depleted gas stream is sent to an adsorber vessel 30 in which hydrogen sulphide is absorbed in an absorbent. The resulting hydrogen sulphide-depleted gas stream is vented from the vessel 30 as a purge stream. Another part of the water vapor-depleted gas stream and a hydrogen sulphide-rich gas formed by desorbing hydrogen sulphide from the absorbent in a vessel 38 are returned as recycle streams to the furnace 6.

Abstract: A sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is added to a flue gas G6; hydrogen chloride contained in this flue gas is removed as residue of dechlorination; the thus removed residue of dechlorination is dissolved by adding water i; water-insoluble constituents k are separated from the resulting aqueous solution j; and after adjusting pH of the aqueous solution l remaining after separation of the water-insoluble constituents k, mercury, dioxin and the like are removed and discharged. The sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is mixed with a hydrophilic anti-caking agent, with an angle of repose of 40° or more, a dispersibility of less than 50, and a floodability index value of less than 90. A mean particle diameter of sodium hydrogencarbonate is set within a range of from 2 &mgr;m to 30 &mgr;m. The hydrophilic anti-caking agent comprises silica, and is contained in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more in the sodium-based dechlorinating agent.

Abstract: A process for ammonia and methanol co-production in a plant comprising a secondary reformer section, a high-temperature CO conversion section and a low-temperature CO conversion section, arranged in series, and an ammonia synthesis section, is distinguished by the fact that the unreacted gas flow coming from a methanol synthesis section, before being fed to the low-temperature CO conversion section, is advantageously saturated with a liquid flow comprising H2O appropriately heated by indirect heat exchange with a gaseous flow coming from the secondary reformer section.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus involving a reaction zone loaded with particles for the prolonged continued time of operation time on a dust containing feed stream by arrangement of the particles in a plurality of beds, and in a number of operation time bypassing with main part of the feed stream a number of the particle beds.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for incinerating certain volatile organic compounds especially odorants commonly used in the natural gas industry. The procedure uses a first (car bottom) furnace as a heating chamber, where precise temperature control during both low and high temperature process stages ensures safe and controlled feed of volatile substances into a second (primary) furnace for incineration. The combustion process is completed in an afterburner and all generated gases are scrubbed in a conventional wet scrubber.

Abstract: A process for the production of elemental sulphur by reacting hydrogen sulphide with sulphur dioxide in a liquid reaction medium comprising an organic solvent for the two compounds, e.g., ethylene glycol, and containing at least one soluble catalytic basic compound, e.g., sodium salicylate, comprises bringing a gas mixture containing sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide into contact with a co-current of the solvent containing the catalytic basic compound.

Abstract: A unitary structure containing a vertically integrated system for deodorizing composting gaseous effluents using scrubbers packed with means providing both extensive surface area for microorganism growth sites and cascading dispersion of microorganism-impregnated liquid media while concomitantly providing sufficient void space to permit substantially unimpeded flow of effluents undergoing treatment within the system.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a gas containing hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide comprising a first gas-liquid reactor-contactor (2), means (3) for supplying a gas to be treated and means (5) for supplying an organic solvent, means (25) for recovering sulphur and means (20) for extracting a gaseous effluent containing sulphur in vapour form, the apparatus being characterized in that it comprises a second reactor-contactor (102) connected to the means for extracting the gaseous effluent, means (105) for supplying an organic solvent which is depleted in sulphur connected to the second reactor-contactor, means (120) for recovering a gaseous effluent which has been cleaned of sulphur connected to the second reactor-contactor, means (104) for extracting a liquid phase containing the organic solvent and sulphur connected to the second reactor-contactor, at least one means for depleting at least a portion of the liquid phase in sulphur connected to the means for extracting the liquid phase, comprising at least one m

Abstract: A process and an apparatus in black-liquor evaporation for the selective removal, by liquid absorption, of hydrogen sulphide from the generated gas (3) containing hydrogen sulphide as well as carbon dioxide, an disclosed. In the process, the gas is counter-currently brought into multistage contact, preferably comprising three stages (6, 7, 8), with circulating carbonate-containing alkaline solutions, preferably sodium carbonate solutions (25), the pH of which is adjusted during the absorption to about 9-12 by the addition of a hydroxide, preferably a sodium hydroxide solution (26, 27, 28). It is preferred that the gas flow is turbulent and the liquid flow is laminar when contacted with one another. The apparatus comprises a container (1) having a gas inlet (2), a gas outlet (4), and a packing (9) arranged in several successive stages (6, 7, 8).

Abstract: A method and system for removing SO3 and SO2 from a flue gas produced by the burning of a fossil fuel. Particulates are removed from the flue gas to produce partially cleaned flue gas. A sufficient amount of calcium-based, sodium based or magnesium-based dry sorbent, preferably having a particle size larger than 1.0-2.0 microns, is injected into the flue gas to react with and remove substantially all of the SO3 from the partially cleaned flue gas to produce a substantially SO3-free flue gas containing reacted and unreacted dry sorbent. The substantially SO3-free flue gas is conveyed to wet scrubber means for removing SO2 to produce cleaned flue gas. In a first embodiment, sufficient dry sorbent is provided to remove desired amounts of SO3 and SO2.