Abstract: The invention provides a filter system and particulate filter unit therefor. The filter system may act as a purifier and a muffler for heavy and light duty diesel vehicles. The invention includes one or more combination filter units that remove particulates and nitrogen oxides in successive passes before the gas exits. A particulate filter unit may be used that removes additional particulates.

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A system and method for the control of emissions from a diesel engine exhaust, comprises a catalyst (14) to convert NO to NO2, a filter (16) to trap soot and hold it for combustion with the NO2, and a NOx absorber (28), with means to regenerate the NOx absorber by injecting reductant or other reactant (injector 18) upstream of the absorber, and at least during regeneration, passing the exhaust gases leaving the absorber through a three-way catalyst (30).

Abstract: A vibratory helidcoidal lifting device (12) suitable for regenerating metathesis catalysts for olefins, comprises a combustion zone (14) and a calcination zone (15), as well as a preheating zone, a zone for stripping hydrocarbons and a zone for cooling the catalyst, but no zone for introducing a gas containing a halogenated compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the post-treatment of exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine (1), in particular in a motor vehicle, wherein the following are provided: a hydrolysis unit (10) and a metering device (15) connected to it via a hydrogen line (17) for the metered addition of hydrogen to the untreated exhaust gas (A) and/or to the exhaust gas treated by means of an oxidation catalytic converter (3), and a control/regulating unit (18) that is functionally connected to the hydrolysis unit (10) and the metering device (15) in order to control or regulate the production of hydrogen in the hydrolysis unit (10) and the metering device (15) as a function of certain operating states of the internal combustion engine (1) and registered parameters of the exhaust-gas system (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The particulate filter is disassembled in order to separate it from the exhaust line and the filtering support of the particulate filter is contacted with a cleaning solution, for example contained in a tank, for a period sufficient to ensure soaking of the filtering support, thereby facilitating the detachment of residues retained in the filtering support.

Abstract: A gas stream containing e.g. molecular hydrogen is used for the regeneration of a catalyst for NOx and SO2 removal from the flue gas of a gas turbine. In order to reduce the consumption of regeneration gas, the gas inlet is located between the SCOSOx catalyst (2) and the SCONOx catalyst (3). The regeneration gas leaves the catalyst chamber upstream of the SCOSOx catalyst and is recycled. For the regeneration of the SCONOx catalyst and to keep SO2 containing gas from entering the SCONOx catalyst, a second regeneration gas inlet is located downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. The regeneration gas entering the catalyst chamber through this port passes the SCONOx (3) and the SCOSOx catalyst (2). The direction of the flow in the SCONOx catalyst can also be reversed. In another example, regeneration gas outlets are located both upstream of the SCOSOx and downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. But, only the regeneration gas from the SCONOx catalyst is recycled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regenerating a used solid absorbent from a desulphurization zone wherein partial combustion of a regenerating gas, regeneration of the absorbent by contacting, in a chamber, said absorbent with the gas effluents derived from the combustion, cooling the gas mixture resulting from regeneration to a temperature higher than the liquid sulphur formation temperature, and filtering the cooled mixture to separate the solid particles of regenerated absorbent from the gas fraction of said mixture is carried out. The invention also relates to an installation for implementing said method.

Abstract: An arrangement for a fluid distributor-contactor-type reactor uses perforated plates to circulate two reactants in alternate channels defined by spaces between parallel stacked plates to perform controlled distribution and mixing simultaneously with optional indirect heat transfer. One reactant enters one set of channels that serve as reaction channels. A set of second channels interleaved with the reaction channels serve as distribution channels that also provide a heat exchange function. Finely dispersed openings in the perforated plates distribute the reactant at low concentration from the distribution channels into the reaction channels. Dispersal of the reactant through the perforations will enhance the turbulence that is primarily introduced by the corrugated plates to insure good mixing of the reactants in the reaction channels.

Abstract: A particulate filter system for an internal combustion engine including a particulate trap, microwave-absorbing materials located in the particulate trap, and a NOx catalyst located in said particulate trap.

Abstract: The current invention provides systems and method for reducing emissions of gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. The invention utilizes at least one catalyst bed and at least one fluidizable bed of sorbent material. The current invention provides for regeneration of the sorbent material without interrupting the catalytic reaction.

Abstract: A method and system for the purification and recycle of impure argon is disclosed. The system and process of the present invention can produce very high purity argon, i.e., about 1 ppb or less of impurities. In one embodiment of the invention, a cryogenic separation apparatus is used to remove the nitrogen, hydrocarbon, and hydrogen impurities from the argon stream. A catalyst bed is then operated at ambient temperature to remove hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide impurities to provide the purified argon product. Also disclosed is a method to minimize to loss of the purified argon product during regeneration of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: At least one part of a road surface is covered by a photocatalyst layer containing a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide, etc. to purify pollutants in exhaust gases emitted from vehicles by photocatalytic reaction of the photocatalyst. Pollutant-originating matters as retained on the photocatalyst layer are washed away by rain water or sprinkled water. In one embodiment of the invention, road 12 is a road provided with a dewaterable pavement and rain water passes through surface layer 18 during raining, flows over and along base layer 16 and is discharged. In surface layer 18, numerous aggregates of small particle sizes 1802 are projected from the entire surface of concrete layer 1804. Titanium dioxide layer 20 is formed by injecting or spraying a mixture comprising titanium dioxide, cement, a filler and water onto the entire surface of surface layer 18 thinly and is water-permeable.

Abstract: Methods and systems for regenerating and pretreating oxides of manganese and precipitation of oxides of manganese from manganese salt solutions. The oxides of manganese and manganese salt solutions are processed utilizing heated aqueous oxidizing solutions at or near boiling at atmospheric pressure. Solution temperature, Eh value and pH value are monitored and adjusted so as to move solution conditions into and to maintain them within the MnO2 stability area. This results in regenerated, pretreated and precipitated oxides of manganese having high or increased pollutant loading capacities and/or oxidation states. Oxides of manganese thus produced are, amongst other uses; suitable for use as a sorbent for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams. Filtrate process streams containing useful and recoverable value present as spectator ions may be further processed to produce useful and marketable by-products.

Abstract: A canister (1) contains a catalyst for generating NO2 and a filter (8) for trapping PM, e.g. from diesel engines. The filter is thermally isolated from the canister, and preferably is surrounded by an annular monolith comprising the NO oxidation catalyst or a SCR catalyst. The invention facilitates the combustion of PM even at low exhaust gas temperatures, in a compact device.

Abstract: The device for removing pollution from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust box (12) containing, in series, a catalytic purification unit (18) and a particle filter (20). The exhaust box (12) includes means (36; 60) providing access to the upstream face of the particle filter (20). Application to removing pollution from automobile vehicle diesel engines in particular.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for filtering gas comprising a microporous or microfibrous adsorbent filter (6) and means for forcing an air flow between an exhaust hood (2) and outlet duct (3) for the filtered air. The invention is characterized in that it comprises liquid spraying means (18) and centrifuging means arranged between the spray means and the filtered gas outlet. The particles wetted by the sprayer are blocked by the internal rotary filter and discharged with the carrier liquid towards an external container (10).

Abstract: A solid product removal apparatus for removing a solid product adhering to an gas exhaust pipe member has a rinsing water inlet pipe member having a tip opening located inside the gas exhaust pipe member for feeding rinsing water into the inside of the gas exhaust pipe member from the tip opening thereof. The solid product removal apparatus is particularly useful when exhaust gas contains an ingredient capable of forming a solid product upon reaction with water inside the gas exhaust pipe member and can rinse off the solid product adhering to the inner face of the gas exhaust pipe member with rinsing water.

Abstract: A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for removing carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising a major portion of an inert gas and a minor portion of carbon monoxide are provided. The process involves contacting a feed gas stream with at least a primary metal oxide in a reaction zone of a reactor vessel at conditions effective to convert substantially all of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, thus producing a purified gas stream consisting essentially of the inert gas and carbon dioxide and substantially free of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The present invention has an object thereof to make possible the recycling of exhaust gas components in a manufacturing process by cooling, liquefaction, and recovery, and to use toxic or useful gases without disposal, and to dramatically reduce the frequency of exhaust system maintenance by combining such a recovery method with a vacuum exhaust system.

Abstract: The invention teaches a purification system which uses a series of operations, in a single unit, to purify air, while extending the life of the purification units. Air is passed through a coarse water trap to remove liquid. The semi-dry air, which is usually less than 3000 ppm of water vapor, is then passed through adsorbers, which remove the remaining moisture and all the carbon dioxide in a purification process. The drying of the air before passing it through the adsorbers allows for greatly improved efficiency of air purification and extends the life of both the oxygen catalyst and the adsorption columns. The present invention also flows the air to be purified through adsorption columns twice, before and after passing the air through an oxygen catalyst unit.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a particulate filter placed in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine including burning particles emitted during combustion of fuel in the engine and retained in the filter in the presence of an additive containing at least one low-molecular-weight compound including at least two hydroxyl groups and wherein the hydroxyl groups are released in a cold state and an apparatus for regenerating a particulate filter placed in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine, wherein regeneration includes burning particles retained in the filter and emitted during combustion of a fuel in the engine, in the presence of an additive, including a reservoir of an additive solution containing at least one low-molecular-weight compound including at least two hydroxyl groups which are released in a cold state, a meter enabling precise and variable metering of selected quantities of the additive solution injected, a start/stop controller, an electromagnetic injector controller, and

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: The invention concerns an arrangement for improving vacuum in a very high vacuum system (ultrahigh vacuum) comprising a metal chamber releasing gas at its surface, consisting of a coating deposited on at least almost the whole surface of the metal wall defining the chamber. The invention is characterised in that the coating further comprises at least an undercoat of non-evaporating getter deposited on said surface of the metal wall defining the chamber and, on this undercoat, at least a thin film of at least a catalyst selected among ruthenium and/or rhodium and/or palladium and/or osmium and/or iridium and/or platinum and/or an alloy containing at least one of those.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reaction chamber cleaning apparatus comprising a chamber, a blade apparatus comprising at least one annular mounting member, at least four scraping blades attached peripherally about the annular mounting member, and a reciprocal movement unit for rotating said scraping blade(s) circumferentially back and forth along the interior surface of said chamber to scrape the interior surface of said chamber; said reaction chamber cleaning apparatus also comprising a vortex unit comprising a generally conical outer shell attached to and extending downwardly from the top plate top plate, and a liquid inlet arranged in relation to the outer shell to tangentially introduce liquid into the outer shell, thereby forming a laminar sheet of fluid on the inner surface of the outer shell; said vortex unit further comprising a baffle and a concentric chamber bounded by the outer surface of the baffle, the inner surface of the outer shell, and the bottom surface of the top plate.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, an acid material with a high affinity with respect to an absorbing agent is dispersed and mixed in a catalyst layer, to which the absorbing agent is added, or a layer of the acid material is formed inside the catalyst layer in order to prevent the absorbing agent from moving from the catalyst layer into the carrier. This reduces the permeation of the absorbing agent added to the catalyst layer into a carrier, the evaporation and splash of the absorbing agent from the catalyst, and the deterioration in the durability and the exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst.

Abstract: A semiconductor waste-gas treating apparatus having the ability of preventing sedimentation and etching of filth, the apparatus comprises a header, a waste gas treating trough and an annular guide. The apparatus takes advantage of the function that a header generates flame of high temperature to catalytically decompose waste gas, and by cooperation between an annular guide and a waste gas treating trough, an annular water wall can be formed on the inner wall a waste gas reacting room to isolate and prevent powder and erosive material from contact with the wall of the reacting room; thereby, the phenomenon of sedimentation and etching of filth in the semiconductor waste-gas treating trough can be eliminated.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent catalyst having coke deposits thereon in a catalyst regeneration vessel having a dense phase and a dilute phase, wherein the process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the spent catalyst with a primary oxygen-containing gas in the dense phase, thereby combusting the coke, resulting in the formation of a combustion gas comprising nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide which further reacts, thus reducing a majority of the nitrogen oxides to form elemental nitrogen; and (b) contacting the combustion gas with a secondary oxygen-containing gas, and typically a shield gas, in the dilute phase, thereby oxidizing the remaining CO to CO2 without significant temperature rise in the dilute phase due to the after bum.

Abstract: To improve the cold-start performance of a selective CO oxidation catalyst in a gas-cleaning stage of a gas generation system for producing a hydrogen-containing reformate gas (in particular for a fuel cell system), after the gas generation system has been switched off, a flow of medium is guided over the selective CO oxidation catalyst in order to flush out constituents which delay starting.

Abstract: The invention provides a filter system, a regeneration system, a combined soot-removing system and applications for the systems. The filter system may act as a purifier and a muffler for heavy and light duty diesel vehicles. The invention is a unique dual pass filter system that removes particulates and nitrogen oxides in successive passes before the gas exits the filter. The regeneration system includes an electric-powered heat source for safety and better control of the regeneration process. A motor vehicle application is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating pollutants in a gaseous stream. The apparatus comprises tubular inlets for mixing a gas stream with other oxidative and inert gases for mixture and flame production within a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is heated by heating elements and has an interior wall with orifices through which heated air enters into the central reaction chamber. The oxidized gases are treated also for particles removal by flowing through a packed bed. The packed bed is cooled and its upper portion with air inlets to enhance condensation and particle growth in the bed. The treated gas stream is also scrubbed in a continuous regenerative scrubber comprising at least two vertically separated beds in which one bed can be regenerated while the other is operative so that the flow may be continuously passed through the bed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a regenerable particle filter for removing soot particles from exhaust gases, especially from diesel engines. In a filter housing, a ceramic filter body is arranged between an exhaust gas supply pipe and an exhaust gas discharge pipe. The filter body has a large number of channels distributed over the cross section in a honeycomb or checkerboard pattern. The channels are closed alternately at their ends so that the exhaust gas after entering into one group of channels must flow through the porous walls to the other group of channels in order then to arrive at the exhaust gas discharge pipe. Electric heating elements are arranged at the closed end of the channels open toward the exhaust gas supply pipe. Upon heating they ignite the soot particle deposit which accumulates here to an elevated degree. Since scarcely any gas flow prevails in the vicinity of the heating elements good combustion of the soot takes place and therefore a reliable regeneration of the filter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for regenerating used absorbent derived from a desulphurizing zone or from a gas containing sulphur oxides, comprising regeneration simultaneous with filtering of said absorbent, in reducing atmosphere, and which further consists in partial combustion of a regenerating gas upstream of the regeneration process, and in mixing the products of said partial combustion with the used absorbent before the regeneration-filtering step.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas cleaning device for an engine comprises an HC-adsorbing catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust passage, the HC-adsorbing catalytic converter including an HC-adsorbing material which adsorbs HC contained in exhaust gas at low temperatures and releases adsorbed HC as the temperature increases, an oxygen storage material which occludes oxygen when the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas is high and releases occluded oxygen as the oxygen concentration drops, and a three-way catalys metal layer which oxidizes HC released from the HC-adsorbing material, and an oxygen concentration controller which controls the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the HC-adsorbing catalytic converter in such a manner that oxygen is released from the oxygen storage material when the engine is in an operating condition in which HC is released from the HC-adsorbing material.

Abstract: A vessel for regenerating a catalyst for reforming or for aromatic compound production comprising a support, at least one noble metal and chlorine, the catalyst being in the form of a moving bed, said vessel comprising at least one combustion zone (A) provided with at least one conduit (9) for introducing oxygen gas and at least one conduit (5) for evacuating gasses from the combustion step, at least one oxychlorination zone (B) and at least one calcining zone (C) provided with at least one conduit (18) for introducing an oxygen-containing gas, said vessel also comprising at least one conduit (1) for introducing catalyst into the vessel, at least one conduit (3) for introducing catalyst from the combustion zone into the following oxychlorination zone (B), and at least one conduit (21) for evacuating gases from the oxychlorination zone comprising at least one means (20) for introducing least one chlorinating agent and at least one means (19) for introducing water and at least one means (17) for introducing an

Abstract: A hopper for collecting soot included in the exhaust gasses is disposed on a lower portion of a filter. There is a backwashing means for introducing a compressed air into the filter from the exhaust gas-downstream side through an air conduit and dropping the soot deposited in the filter on to the hopper. A combustion pipe is disposed on a lower end of the hopper, and an air nozzle for supplying a combustion air is disposed in the combustion pipe. A combustion medium which is capable of collecting the soot arriving at the combustion pipe and the burned ashes and of letting the combustion air pass therethrough is inserted detachably into the combustion pipe and arranged on a porous ceramic plate. A heater is disposed around the combustion pipe for burning the soot which is collected by the combustion medium. The soot is burned completely at the combustion medium, and most of the ashes remain at the combustion medium and the rest of the ashes is completely collected by the plate.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purifier for an internal combustion engine having a trap for trapping particulate matters contained in exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, the present invention aims at suppressing production of ashes and thereby preventing pressure loss associated with the clogging of the trap. In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purifier for an internal combustion engine having a trap for trapping particulate matters contained in exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, wherein the trap carries a metal which has an electronegativity equal to or lower than a predetermined content contained in fuel or lubricating oil for the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and unit for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic compounds, in particular for reforming, the catalyst being in a moving bed, comprising combustion, oxychlorination and calcining steps, in which at least one chlorinating agent, at least one oxygen-containing gas, and water are introduced into the oxychlorination step such that the H2O/HCl molar ratio is 1 to 50, the oxychlorination step being carried out in the presence of an oxychlorination gas containing less than 21% of oxygen and at least 50 ppm by weight of chlorine (based on HCl), and at a temperature of 350-600° C., and in which the combustion step is carried out in at least two combustion zones, each zone being separated from the adjacent zones, and at least one gas charged with oxygen is introduced into each zone, the gases produced being extracted from each zone, and in which the severity of the operating conditions increases in the direction of flow of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treatment of metathesis catalysts for olefins that consists in sending the particles of catalysts through at least one vibratory helicoidal conveyor, in subjecting them over at least a portion of their path and preferably over a large portion of their path to a temperature profile, and in bringing them into contact with at least one fluid over at least a portion of their path. Vibratory helicoidal lifting device (12) makes it possible to regenerate metathesis catalysts for olefins: it comprises a combustion zone (14) and a calcination zone (15), as well as a preheating zone, a zone for stripping hydrocarbons and a zone for cooling the catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning pollutant-laden waste gas by regenerative thermal afterburning has two towers (1, 2) each divided into three heat-retaining chambers (14 to 16 and 17 to 19) by vertical partitions (10 to 13). Two opposite heat-retaining chambers (14 to 16 and 17 to 19) of the towers (1, 2) are connected by one switching chamber (26, 27, 28) in each case, said chambers being disposed between a loaded gas supply channel (29) and a clean gas removal channel (23). For alternately supplying loaded gas to two opposite heat-retaining chambers of the towers and removing clean gas from two other opposite heat-retaining chambers of the towers, each switching chamber (26, 27, 28) is adapted to be connected alternatively with the loaded gas supply channel (29) and the clean gas removal channel (23) by shut-off devices (50, 52, 53) operated with a control unit.

Abstract: A restaurant emissions abatement system is disclosed which employs a rotary heat regenerative thermal or catalytic oxidizer. Thus, heat which normally would be exhausted into the atmosphere, is recovered by being transferred to incoming unoxidized restaurant emissions. The rotary oxidizers may be of a variety of designs including orientations which allow for perpendicular or axial flow of the emissions stream through the rotary oxidizer relative to the axis of rotation. The rotary design of the oxidizers also provides an advantage of permitting in-situ cleaning of the oxidizer (i.e., not having to remove oxidizer from abatement system) by simply lowering the speed of the oxidizer's rotation or stopping rotation altogether to permit hot gases to thoroughly oxidize accumulations of such contaminants as greases and fats.

Abstract: A two chamber regenerative thermal oxidizer comprises an oxidizing chamber and a pair of regenerator chambers. Inlet and outlet valves control fluid flow to and from said regenerator chambers. A transition duct communicates with a contaminated fluid feed duct upstream of the regenerator inlet valves and with the oxidizing chamber of said oxidizer. A purge air duct directs the output of the regenerator chambers back to the chambers, selectively. Electronic control means effects powered actuation of said valves, selectively, in a prearranged sequence whereby the inlet and outlet valves in the respective regenerators are never open at the same time thereby precluding short circuiting of the regenerative chamber, yet all of the inlet and outlet valves to the regenerative chambers are never simultaneously closed thereby to maintain the pressure of fluid flow through said regenerator chambers relatively constant.

Abstract: A rotary valve regenerative oxidizer generally includes a combustion chamber communicating with a first end of plurality of pie shaped heat exchange chambers and a rotary valve communicating with a second end of the heat exchange chambers. A contaminated gas is directed through an inlet of the rotary valve, through a first group of heat exchange chambers, and into the combustion chamber thereby heating and purifying the gas. The heated and purified gas is directed from the combustion chamber through a second group of heat exchange chambers and through an outlet of the rotary valve. A portion of the heated and purified gas received from the outlet of the rotary valve is directed through a heating element 56 for heating the gas to a temperature sufficient to volatilize organic solids for purging a third group of heat exchange chambers. The gas is directed from the third group of heat exchange chambers into the combustion chamber and out of the oxidizer through the second group of heat exchange chambers.

Abstract: A method for controlling reductant added to an exhaust of an engine having a lean NOx catalyst and a particulate filter adjusts a reductant amount during particulate filter regeneration. The method adjusts the reductant amount to account for reducing agents released from the particulate filter that are experienced by the lean NOx catalyst. In addition, management of particulate filter regeneration is based on both an estimated amount of stored particles and conditions of the lean NOx catalyst. In this way, operation of both the particulate filter and the lean NOx catalyst can be optimized. Also, termination of particulate filter regeneration is determined based on operating conditions.

Abstract: The speed of coal gas desulfurization is improved and the total size of the apparatus can be made compact. The apparatus comprises a sulfide-ion-producing portion (54), which reacts with a sulfur compound being supplied by the coal gas and produces sulfide ion S2− in molten carbonate. A sulfur compound discharge portion (53) discharges a sulfur compound produced by a reaction with sulfur discharge gas (56).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating pollutants in a gaseous stream. The apparatus employs curved tubular inlets for mixing a gas stream with other oxidative and inert gases for mixture and flame production within a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is heated by annular heating elements and has an interior wall with orifices through which heated air enters into the central reaction chamber. The oxidized gases are treated also for particles removal by flowing through a packed bed. The packed bed is cooled and its upper portion with air inlets to enhance condensation and particle growth in the bed. The treated gas stream is also scrubbed in a continuous regenerative scrubber employing at least two vertically separated beds in which one bed can be regenerated while the other is operative so that the flow may be continuously passed through the bed.

Abstract: A process for treating toxic fly ash from an incinerator which comprises heating the fly ash held in suspension in a combustible or combusted gas at least to a temperature at which sintering of the fly ash takes place.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidizer (H-101) includes a number of heat exchange columns (A, B) topped by a combustion chamber (C-101). Contaminated air is directed into one of the columns and oxidation is completed as the flow passes through the combustion chamber (C-101). From the combustion chamber (C-101), the now clean air flows vertically downward through another column and then is directed via an outlet through an outlet manifold and released to atmosphere or recirculated back to the oxidizer (H-101). A combustible fuel is added to the contaminated air prior to its entry into one of the columns. The addition of the combustible fuel is regulated by continuously monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures (TE-101A, TE-108A), and comparing a difference between these temperatures to a predetermined value. Further control can be achieved by measuring the flow of contaminated air to the oxidizer (H-101) via pressure differential and coordinating that measurement with the temperature differential measurement.

Abstract: A garbage disposal apparatus having a processing chamber for processing garbage; and a purifying chamber for purifying gas discharged from the processing chamber and containing stinking components, wherein the process of garbage in the processing chamber is performed by decomposition using microorganisms, the purifying chamber has a plurality of zones, a first purifying chamber connected to the processing chamber is provided with an ammonia purifying unit for purifying ammonia and a second purifying chamber into which gas allowed to pass through the first purifying chamber is introduced is provided with a non-ammonia purifying unit for purifying non-ammonia gas. Ammonia contained in a high concentration and having a large threshold is first removed in the first purifying chamber. Then, non-ammonia contained at a low concentration and having a small threshold is removed. Therefore, an excellent purifying efficiency can be realized.