Abstract: An acid gas burner and reactor apparatus, and method when used in the Claus process, are improved over the prior art by the provision of a substantially continuous circular slot for the flow of a reactant gas from an annular conduit into the open outflow end of a conduit that is located centrally of the annular conduit and through which flows pressure air, or air enriched with oxygen, the circular slot surrounding the open discharge end of the central conduit so as to discharge an annular curtain of the reactant gas into the flow of pressure air, or oxygen enriched air.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gases produced by the combustion of fuel gas and combustion air introduced into a burner connected to a furnace are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of conducting the combustion air to the burner, providing a chamber outside of the burner and furnace for mixing flue gases from the furnace with the fuel gas, discharging the fuel gas in the form of a fuel jet into the mixing chamber so that flue gases from the furnace are drawn into the chamber and mixed with and dilute the fuel gas therein and conducting the resulting mixture of flue gases and fuel gas to the burner wherein the mixture is combined with the combustion air and burned in the furnace.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gases produced by the combustion of fuel gas and combustion air introduced into a burner connected to a furnace are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of conducting the combustion air to the burner, providing a chamber outside of the burner and furnace for mixing flue gases from the furnace with the fuel gas, discharging the fuel gas in the form of a fuel jet into the mixing chamber so that flue gases from the furnace are drawn into the chamber and mixed with and dilute the fuel gas therein and conducting the resulting mixture of flue gases and fuel gas to the burner wherein the mixture is combined with the combustion air and burned in the furnace.

Abstract: A two-stage method for NOx reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust comprises a plasma oxidative stage and a storage reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NOx gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO2 in the presence of O2 and hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean NOx trap to convert such NO2 to environmentally benign gases that include N2, CO2, and H2O. By preconverting NO to NO2 in the first stage with a plasma, the efficiency of the second stage for NOx reduction is enhanced. For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a first chamber in which a non-thermal plasma converts NO to NO2 in the presence of O2 and hydrocarbons, such as propene. A flow of such hydrocarbons (CxHy) is input from usually a second pipe into at least a portion of the first chamber.

Abstract: A highly reactive reducing gas mixture is produced from vehicle fuel and introduced into the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated at lean burn conditions and passed over a reducing catalyst to convert NOX emissions to benign emissions. Preferably, fuel with oxygen present in a carrier gas is metered into a plasma reactor having a bed of dielectric particles which prevent formation of coke as the fuel is reacted. The plasma induces a number of simultaneous reactions with the fuel to produce a substantial amount of oxygenated and non-oxygenated, unbranched organic molecules at relatively low temperatures that are highly reactive and ideally suited for use as a reducing agent in an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: In an improved method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from a furnace wherein at least one injector is attached to the furnace above the primary combustion zone a biomass or biowaste and water slurry is injected into the flue gas through the injectors. The biowaste or a biomass material can be supplemented with a fixed nitrogen source.

Abstract: A warm-up apparatus 1 for a fuel evaporator 2 comprises: a catalyst combustor 20 for catalytically burning exhaust gas from a fuel cell 6 to produce combustion gas and supplying the fuel evaporator which evaporates raw fuel liquid with the produced combustion gas as an evaporation heat source; an exhaust gas passage 1a for transferring exhaust gas to the catalyst combustor; and a combustion gas transferring device 10 including a fuel injection portion 10a and a combustion catalyst 10c, and injecting fuel from the fuel injection portion onto the combustion catalyst, where the fuel is catalytically burned to produce combustion gas, and thereafter transferring the produced combustion gas to the catalyst combustor. The combustion gas transferring device is positioned on one side of said exhaust gas passage.

Abstract: Apparatus for recovering sulphur from a combustible gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide is provided. The combustible gas stream, air and oxygen, or an oxygen-rich stream, are fed via a coaxial burner into an elongate furnace thereby creating a longitudinally-extending flame which has one or more relatively oxygen-rich, intense, combustion regions wherein hydrogen sulphide is combusted to form sulphur dioxide and one or more relatively oxygen-poor, endothermic, thermal dissociation regions. Residual hydrogen sulphide reacts with sulphur dioxide formed by the combustion to produce sulphur vapor. The apparatus includes a waste heat boiler to reduce the temperature of the furnace effluent and a condenser to remove sulphur therefrom. The furnace has an aspect ratio of about 8:1. The flame diverges from its root to occupy at its maximum cross-sectional area at least about 80% of the cross-sectional area of the furnace interior coplanar therewith.

Abstract: A highly reactive reducing gas mixture is produced from vehicle fuel and introduced into the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated at lean burn conditions and passed over a reducing catalyst to convert NOX emissions to benign emissions. Preferably, fuel with oxygen present in a carrier gas is metered into a plasma reactor having a bed of dielectric particles which prevent formation of coke as the fuel is reacted. The plasma induces a number of simultaneous reactions with the fuel to produce a substantial amount of oxygenated and non-oxygenated, unbranched organic molecules at relatively low temperatures that are highly reactive and ideally suited for use as a reducing agent in an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidizer (H-101) includes a number of heat exchange columns (A, B) topped by a combustion chamber (C-101). Contaminated air is directed into one of the columns and oxidation is completed as the flow passes through the combustion chamber (C-101). From the combustion chamber (C-101), the now clean air flows vertically downward through another column and then is directed via an outlet through an outlet manifold and released to atmosphere or recirculated back to the oxidizer (H-101). A combustible fuel is added to the contaminated air prior to its entry into one of the columns. The addition of the combustible fuel is regulated by continuously monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures (TE-101A, TE-108A), and comparing a difference between these temperatures to a predetermined value. Further control can be achieved by measuring the flow of contaminated air to the oxidizer (H-101) via pressure differential and coordinating that measurement with the temperature differential measurement.

Abstract: A device for destroying by electro-oxidation a photographic solution having at least one photographic developer. The device comprises a) an electro-oxidation unit adapted to degrade the photographic developer into volatile organic compounds and to produce hydrogen and oxygen, b) an expansion reservoir designed to contain the gaseous mixture generated by said electro-oxidation unit; and c) a combustion unit supplied with the gaseous mixture from the expansion reservoir.

Abstract: A process for operating a coffee roaster to obtain reduced levels of pollutants in exhaust gases vented from the coffee roaster. In the process, fuel gases are combusted in a combustion chamber and all of the combusted gases are directed into a roasting chamber for roasting coffee beans in the roasting chamber. The exhaust gases from the roasting chamber are then separated into a recycle stream and an exhaust stream with the recycle stream comprising the majority of the exhaust gases. The recycle stream is returned to the combustion chamber. The exhaust stream is then subjected to secondary combustion at relatively low temperatures prior to venting.

Abstract: An exhaust emission gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, in which a proper purification rate can be maintained even at a transient time by suppressing an excessive temperature increase of a lean NO.sub.x catalyst. In order to improve the purification efficiency of a lean NO.sub.x catalyst 307, diesel fuel constituting a hydrocarbon material capable of reducing the NO.sub.x is supplied by way of a diesel fuel injection hole 311. A basic amount of diesel fuel to be supplied is determined on the basis of a space velocity SV providing a quantity of state representing the operating conditions of the catalyst calculated from the intake air amount detected by an air flowmeter 302 and the catalyst temperature detected by an outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 322. The basis amount of diesel fuel to be supplied is corrected based on the difference between the catalyst temperature and the inlet exhaust gas temperature detected by the inlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 321.

Abstract: This incinerator circulates fumes to be incinerated through a heat exchange chamber; feeds the fumes into a combustion chamber; directs the incinerated fumes through heat exchange tubes to heat incoming fumes; scavenges fume leakage; and recirculates the scavenged fumes for incineration. Leakage of unincinerated fumes is controlled by use of a plurality of scavenging tubes positioned such that their orifices are proximate the hot end tube sheet within the combustion chamber to collect leaking fumes found near the hot end tube sheet and to feed those fumes back to the inlet for incineration.

Abstract: A device for purifying the exhaust gas of a diesel engine comprises a filter for collecting particulates which is arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, an oxidation catalyst arranged in the exhaust system upstream of the filter, diesel fuel supply unit for supplying diesel fuel to the oxidation catalyst when the filter must be regenerated, and a heater. The heater heats the diesel fuel supplied from the diesel fuel supply unit to the oxidation catalyst only in the initial step of supplying the diesel fuel when the temperature of the oxidation catalyst is lower than a predetermined temperature and the filter must be regenerated.

Abstract: In order to prevent a catalyst for an internal combustion engine from experiencing decreased efficiency by deterioration after long time use of the catalyst, the decreased efficiency of the catalyst is determined, and the internal engine is controlled based on results of the determination so as to maintain high efficiency of the catalyst. The catalyst is installed in an exhaust pipe of the engine. Sensors for detecting conditions of exhaust gas both at a upstream side and a downstream side of the catalyst are provided, respectively. As for the sensor, for example, an oxygen sensor whose output varies stepwise at .lambda.=1, or a sensor whose output varies in proportion to air-fuel ratio can be used. Detected values of the sensors are taken into a control unit, catalyst efficiency and deteriorating degree of the catalyst are estimated by comparison of the detected values, and the engine is controlled so that the catalyst efficiency is maximized.

Abstract: A modular thermal oxidizing device has a heat exchanger and a burner chamber connected to convert volatile, condensable organic compounds to harmless gasses. The heat exchanger includes an internal cold side bypass with cooling tubes extended into a hot side adjacent to the burning chamber. An appropriate aperture or hole tolerance related to the tubes as mounted within the hot side tube sheet is adopted to permit efficient expansion and contraction of the tubes without binding in the tube sheet.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner combustion system which may be adjusted for optimum burn rates, temperature and oxygen levels. The burner incorporates a plurality of gas nozzles which individually inspirate a portion of the combustion air and a spin vane diffuser to rotate and mix the gases within the primary combustion zone. The diffuser is axially adjustable in order to vary the distance between the vane and the first combustion zone while the blades of the diffuser can be angularly adjusted to optimize the rotation and mix of the gases. Air for combustion is supplied through primary, secondary and tertiary passages to create distinct combustion zones for complete combustion. The flow rate of the combustion air is controlled through a damper in accordance with the burn characteristics. Further reductions in noxious emissions are accomplished by recirculating flue gases and mixing such gassed directly with combustion fuel prior to introduction into the combustion chamber through eductor nozzles.

Abstract: A burner type catalytic converter heater composed of an air intake housing having a peripheral mounting flange for universal mounting to an exhaust system upstream of the catalytic converter. A nozzle body is provided having a central portion whereat an orifice delivers atomized fuel and an annular flange portion which interfaces with the air intake housing to define an air intake chamber on an upstream side thereof. A cylindrical combustion chamber housing is provided and a single-stage vortex body is connected to one end of the combustion chamber housing, wherein vanes of the vortex body adjoin a downstream side of the annular flange portion.

Abstract: A low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) system remediates highly contaminated soils. The system (1) reduces the concentration of vaporized contaminants exhausted from the primary treatment unit (PTU) and (2) precisely controls the concentration of vaporized contaminants exhausted from the PTU so as to permit the safe oxidization of contaminants in a secondary treatment unit without oversizing the secondary treatment unit or the baghouse. The concentration of vaporized contaminants exhausted from the PTU is reduced by drawing the vaporized contaminants into a low-pressure region of the PTU so as to contact the burner flame and by supplying this area of flame contact with a modulated supply of air to oxidize a designated portion of the vaporized contaminants within the PTU.

Abstract: A system for providing heated fluidized bed gasification of a residual waste liquor provides a bed of granular material and a source of liquor provided to the material bed. An injector is situated in the material bed and communicates with an air source, a fuel source and a steam source. Fuel and air are combusted in the injector and mixed with the steam which forms a combustion product and steam mixture which is in turn injected into the material bed. The combustion and mixing is separated from the bed material by being confined within the injector. The injector is a bubble cap having at least one hole or an injector made of a porous ceramic material.

Abstract: A method of improving the performance of a pollutant abatement means, e.g., catalytic converter (16), used to purify engine exhaust gas streams and the like includes combusting a combustion mixture of air and a low ignition temperature fuel in the exhaust gas stream upstream of the catalytic converter (16) to oxidize carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, and/or to rapidly heat the catalytic converter to its operating temperature. Reaction conditions are maintained so as to cause the combustion mixture to ignite spontaneously. A control system may be used to regulate the supply of the combustion mixture in response to time lapse or temperature of the catalyst or both. The apparatus includes a fuel supply (18) and a fuel line (20) controlled by a valve (22) to deliver a low ignition temperature fuel into the exhaust gas discharge line (14) associated with the engine (12). An air pump (26) provides combustion air through an air line (28) into the exhaust gas discharge line (14).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing pollutants and especially nitrogen oxides, or NOx, in the exhaust gases of an engine. The apparatus includes a device for injecting ammonia into a conduit that extends between cylinder exhaust valves and a catalytic converter, to mix the ammonia with the exhaust gases. Ammonia injection occurs at a location a plurality of inches downstream of the exhaust valves to avoid burning of the ammonia by flames. The injection preferably occurs at a location where the exhaust gases are at a temperature of at least about 1200.degree.F. to cause considerable reaction of the ammonia with NOx in the exhaust gases prior to the gases reaching the catalyst, so less NOx must be removed along the catalyst. To minimize ammonia use, it is injected only for a limited period such as a minute after a cold engine is started when the catalyst is too cold to cause significant reactions, and during operation of the engine at high power levels when the greatest amounts of NOx are produced.

Abstract: A system for controlling organic contaminants released from a regenerator during the process of liquid dehydration of natural gas where contaminants are vaporized into a gaseous mixture. The system includes conducting the vaporized mixture from the regenerator to a heater, heating the vaporized mixture in the heater, conducting the vaporized mixture from the heater to a liquid collection chamber where suspended liquid particles are separated out from the vaporized mixture, drawing the vaporized mixture from the liquid chamber using fuel gas as an aspirator, mixing atmospheric air with the vaporized mixture, and combusting the vaporized mixture in order to incinerate the vaporized mixture.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying device which is provided with catalytic converter and a fuel injector which are disposed upstream of a particulate matter trap. The fuel injection injects fuel to the catalytic converter to rise exhaust gas temperature by its oxidation reaction heat when the exhaust gas temperature is slightly lower than a predetermined regeneration temperature. Further, a closable bypass passage is communicated with the passage between the catalytic converter and the trap and functions to allow to bypass exhaust gases in accordance with the trap condition and the exhaust gas temperature.

Abstract: Oxidizable components in an exhaust air or gas flow are burnt by a burner in a combustion chamber enclosed in a housing. For this purpose the exhaust air is distributed into inlet ends of heat exchanger pipes which have outlet ends near the burner. The arrangement is such that the exhaust air carrying oxidizable components flows through the heat exchanger pipes while the exhaust air freed of oxidizable components flows around the heat exchanger pipes. In order to permit effective heat expansions and contractions of the heat exchanger pipes, these pipes have an L-configuration with radially inwardly extending legs having inlet ends connected into perforations in a jacket forming an exhaust air distribution chamber, and with substantially axially extending legs having outlet ends leading close to the burner. An air inlet leads centrally into the distribution chamber and a cleaned air outlet leads out of the housing.

Abstract: A device for oxidizing gaseous materials, comprising a combustion chamber, wherein the device and the combustion chamber both have a top and a bottom, the device further having a gas outlet and being adapted to operate in conjunction with means applying negative pressure to the outlet, means for introducing process gas and a source of fuel into the top of the combustion chamber, means for effecting heat exchange between oxygen-containing gas and the combustion chamber to preheat the oxygen-containing gas, means for introducing the preheated gas into the top of the combustion chamber, means for mixing the preheated gas with the process gas and fuel so that the mixture can burn in the combustion chamber to form an exhaust gas, means for permitting the gas to exit from the bottom of the combustion chamber, means for diluting the exhaust with air to form a flue gas, and means for directing the flue gas from the bottom of the combustion chamber out of the outlet of the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing a product comprising a nitride compound, such as for example silicon nitride. A reactor is provided which has a chamber defined therein which is divided into a combustion zone and a reaction zone. A combustible mixture is injected into the combustion zone in a direction generally toward the reaction zone, and is accordingly combusted in the combustion zone. At least one reactant is injected at the boundary between the zones into the reactor chamber in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber so as to react to from raw product comprising the nitride compound. According to another aspect, a raw product powder as produced by the reactor comprises silicon nitride as the nitride compound and further comprises elemental silicon.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system are provided for reducing quantities of oxides of nitrogen, including N.sub.2 O, that are generated in a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler, the exhaust stream from the fluidized bed boiler being at a temperature of about 600.degree.-650.degree. F. and including from about 3 to 6% oxygen, from about 50 to 500 ppmv of NO.sub.x and from about 50 to 300 ppmv of N.sub.2 O. Pursuant to the invention, the exhaust stream is flowed through a thermal reaction zone at which fuel and air are burned, to provide a modified heated stream which includes small quantities of combustibles and of oxygen. The modified heated stream is passed over a first catalyst bed under overall reducing conditions, the quantity of oxygen in the stream being in stoichiometric excess of the amount of NO.sub.2 O and NO.sub.x, but less than the amount of said combustibles; whereby the N.sub.2 O and NO.sub.x are first oxidized to NO.sub.2, and then the NO.sub.2 is reduced by the excess combustibles.

Abstract: Process for the combustion of toxic gaseous effluents bereft of oxygen in a flame, comprising an inner cone (8) supplied with combustible gas (6) and with so-called primary combustion-suppporting gas (7). Said gaseous effluent (10) and a so-called secondary combustion-supporting gas (9) are introduced separately at the level of said inner cone, said secondary combustion-supporting gas being introduced in the form of at least one jet directed towards the axis (D) of said inner cone at a flowrate and speed sufficient to ensure an excess of combustion-supporting gas, the maintenance of temperature and to create a turbulent gaseous mass at the level of said inner cone; the toxic gaseous effluent (10) being introduced into said turbulent gaseous mass. Said process is carried out under a depression. It also relates to an installation for carrying out said process.

Abstract: Granular coal is combusted in a circulating fluidized bed system comprising a combustion chamber, a separator and a recycle line for recycling solids from the separator to the combustion chamber. Gas from carbonization is added to the oxygen-containing combustion gas withdrawn from the combustion chamber and is at least partly combusted in said combustion gas to increase the temperature of the combustion gas to about 850.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The gas from carbonization is produced by the heating of granular coal.

Abstract: In a process for reducing the nitric oxide emission during the combustion of solid fuels, the flue gases leaving from a main combustion zone (2) consecutively flow through two reduction zones (6,9). The first reduction zone (6) is operated hypostoichiometrically at temperatures above 1,000.degree. C. and while adding a reducing fuel, while the second reduction zone (9) is operated hyperstoichiometrically at temperatures from 950.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C. and in the presence of nitric oxide-reducing substances.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided in accordance with practice of this invention for lowering the molar ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 in flue gas by converting a portion of flue gas nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), for removing the associated oxides of sulfur (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen (NO.sub.x) from the flue gas prior to discharge of the flue gas into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A combustor for an exhaust gas system includes a longitudinally compliant fuel conduit for allowing thermal expansion and contraction of other portions of the combustor relative to the fuel conduit while not misaligning the atomizer to which the fuel conduit is attached. The combustor includes an exhaust duct, a combustion chamber, and an air duct in addition to the atomizer and longitudinally complaint fuel conduit. The combustion chamber and air duct are disposed within the exhaust duct so that they are heated by the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust duct. The fuel conduit is disposed within the air duct so that air passing through the air duct keeps the fuel conduit relatively cool.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which natural gas or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen is introduced into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel diffuses by laminar or turbulent diffusion into oxygen-rich flue gas where it reacts with oxygen and nitric oxide to form CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and N.sub.2, thus reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions from the furnace. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced. The apparatus and method can be easily applied to new furnaces or retrofitted on existing furnaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a flue gas provided with a heater and an apparatus for removing NOx on the downstream side of an apparatus for removing SOx, where a heat exchanger for heat exchanging a treated gas from the apparatus for removing NOx with conbustion air is provided on the downstream side of the apparatus for removing NOx, whereby the waste heat of the treated gas can be efficiently utilized and the heat required for heating the flue gas can be reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the more complete incineration of dangerous waste gases to produce by-products which are safer for eventual release into the atmosphere. The invention involves mixing the waste gases with a flammable co-incineration fuel at an upstream location which is devoid of a combustion-supporting atmosphere, moving the mixture downstream to an ignitor fuel flame, and introducing a source of oxygen immediately downstream of the flame to support the combustion of the flame. The flame ignites the co-incineration fuel which, together with the flame, co-incinerates the waste gases in an area between the upstream area at which the waste and fuel gases are mixed and the downstream area at which the source of oxygen is admitted. The invention also preferably includes centering the co-incineration reaction for "cold wall" operation, mixing the by-products with air for cooling purposes.

Abstract: A reactor for reducing the contents of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in combustion gases. The reactor is in the form of a post-combustion chamber to be connected after a combustion chamber. The reactor has a casing including a generally cylindrical main part transforming at its top into a dome-shaped outlet part with an outlet opening. Around the casing of the reactor, there is provided a heat-insulated wall whose inner side has substantially the same shape as the casing and which is eccentrically disposed in relation to the casing. The casing of the reactor accommodates a partition which is conical and has its apex directed towards the outlet opening. A gap is formed between the shell and the partition. At the inlet end of the shell, an inlet funnel is provided at a certain distance from the inlet end as so to form a gap. A heat exchanger is provided for preheating secondary air supplied through a secondary air intake into the gap between the casing and the wall at a certain distance from the opening.

Abstract: Apparatus for catalytically reducing noxious substances in flue gas employes, in a first embodiment wherein combustion air is also pre-heated, a two-part heat-exchanger which is traversed from top to bottom by a plurality of catalytically active, separately movable heat-storage elements. Combustion gas is heated in a first portion of the heat-exchanger by heat transferred from the heat-storage elements and the noxious gases are catalytically reduced in a second portion of the heat-exchanger downstream from the first portion in the presence of ammonia and the heat-storage elements. The heat-storage elements can be removed from circulation and replaced by unspent or regenerated elements when the residual content of noxious substances in the flue gas remains elevated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which a pulse generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen, into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel pulse reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form ammonia-like compounds and nitrogen gas. These ammonia-like compounds react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced using a process which can be easily applied to retrofitted furnaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning solid particles, in particular soot particles, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines having a combustion chamber and an ignition burner connected coaxially through an overflow opening. The combustion chamber includes an annular cup portion forming a hot combustion chamber that is open toward the overflow opening, and downstream of this hot combustion chamber has a plurality of labyrinthine annular conduits toward which a plunger tube extends centrally toward the combustion chamber, through which tube a flow of exhaust gas carrying the soot particles is directed into the hot combustion chamber. The flow of exhaust gas having the soot particles emerges into the hot combustion chamber through radial outlets transversely to the direction of extension of the ignition flame that is propagating through the overflow opening. The soot particles that are supplied are for the most part burned in the hot combustion chamber, and the remainder is burned in the labyrinthine conduits.

Abstract: Method and equipment are disclosed for production of nitrogen and carbon dioxide by a dual phase combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel and air, the exhaust products of the second phase of combustion being treated in a monoethanolamine absorber by which the carbon monoxide is absorbed and the nitrogen and carbon dioxide separated. The first stage of the dual phase combustion is effected in one or more combustion prime movers or engines and the second phase of combustion is effected by the addition of fuel to the exhaust products of the engine or engines; and a compressor is driven by each engine and the separated gases are separately passed through engine-driven compressors.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning solid particles, in particular soot particles, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines comprising a combustion chamber and an ignition burner connected coaxially through an overflow opening. The ignition burner, to which fuel and combustion air are supplied, has a rotationally symmetrical glow element disposed centrally in a preparation chamber and has a glow plug disposed in a bulge of the preparation chamber. The combustion chamber includes an annular cup-like portion forming a hot combustion chamber that is open toward the overflow opening, and downstream of this hot combustion chamber has a plurality of labyrinthine annular conduits toward which a plunger tube extends centrally toward the combustion chamber, through which tube a flow of exhaust gas carrying the soot particles is directed into the hot combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the conversion of gases and higher hydrocarbons, which comprises an active metal coating containing lanthanum and cobalt as active metal components on a porous oxidic support substance, wherein the coating is formed by impregnating the support substance with a solution of thermally easily decomposable lanthanum and cobalt salts and subsequently baking, whereby the metal coating contains 1 part cobalt and 1-3 parts, preferably 2 parts, lanthanum, as well as 2 to 20 weight percent of cerium based on the sum of these materials.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the elimination of the gaseous pollutants sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide from the emissions of furnaces and smelters, and for the production of two commercial products, liquid sulfur and nitric acid. Two precipitators are operated in series, each containing an annular reaction chamber and a cylindrical separation chamber surrounded by the reaction chamber. The first precipitator combines the furnace or smelter emissions with methane in its reaction chamber in order to reduce the sulfur dioxide in the emissions to sulfur. The emissions are then passed through a tangential duct to the first precipitator's separation chamber where the fine sulfur praticles are converted to liquid sulfur by sending the mixed gases through an involuted spiral baffle and allowing the sulfur particles to coalesce on a trip wire grid. The sulfur particles then melt and fall by gravity to the bottom of the separation chamber, from which point the liquid sulfur is withdrawn.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting harmful hydrocarbon emissions into harmless gases includes, in sequence, a transition chamber, transition duct work, a burner chamber, a catalyst chamber, and a cap. The hydrocarbons are burned and then treated with a catalyst to substantially reduce or completely eliminate the visible hydrocarbon emissions, the odor and the total amount of hydrocarbon emission by more than ninety (90%) percent.

Abstract: The moist ores are dried in direct contact with hot dry tail gas from a contact process plant for producing sulfuric acid. The dried ores are roasted, the SO.sub.2 -containing gases produced by the roasting are processed in the contact process plant to produce sulfuric acid, and the tail gases from the contact process plant are heated up with surplus heat from the contact process plant. These heated tail gases are used to dry the moist ores.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine which burns a hydrocarbon fuel mixture and which produces a carbonaceous particle carrying exhaust gas stream that passes through a filter of the system that retains at least part of the particles therein, the system having a burn-off unit for periodically burning the retained particles in the filter to tend to periodically clean the filter of the retained particles thereof. The burn-off unit is adapted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the filter to particle burning temperature thereof, the burn-off unit injecting and burning a certain amount of the hydrocarbon fuel mixture in the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the recovery of heat values, including sensible heat and/or combustion heat, from vitiated gaseous mixtures containing oxygen and/or combustibles together with inert diluents in which a supplemental fuel is burned, in a combustion zone or the first stage of a two-stage, rich-lean combustion zone, the vitiated gaseous mixture is mixed with the combustion products at the downstream end of the combustion zone or the first stage of the two-stage combustion zone, as the case may be, and the effluent of the combustion is passed to a heat utiization zone.

Abstract: A method of afterburning flue gases comprises passing impure gases from, for example, an incineration plant such as a destructor, process furnace, crematory furnace or heating boiler, through a burner in an afterburner where through enforced mixture with combustion gas they undergo complete combustion. The combustion gas, depending on the composition of the flue gases, may comprise air or oxygen or either mixed with petroleum gas. In apparatus for implementation of the method, the flue gases and the combustion gas are introduced into a burner which blows the gas mixture into a flame bowl where temperatures in the range of from 1,500.degree.-2,000.degree. C. can be achieved. In one embodiment, the burner produces a conical basket-shaped flame in which the flue gases undergo complete combustion.