Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical reactor are disclosed, including a solar thermal receiver aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy. Some embodiments include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. Some embodiments include one of 1) one or more apertures open to an atmosphere of the Earth or 2) one or more windows, to pass the concentrated solar energy into the solar thermal receiver. This energy impinges on the multiple reactor tubes and cavity walls of the receiver and transfer energy by solar radiation absorption and heat radiation, convection, and conduction. In this way, the energy causes reacting particles to drive the endothermic chemical reaction flowing in the reactor tubes. The design of the multiple reactor tubes and solar thermal receiver can be adapted per a solar flux profile to take advantage of variations in the concentrations of solar flux in the profile.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for disposal of photocurable fluid waste may include a conduit for conducting photocurable fluid waste from a source of photocurable fluid waste; a dispenser for automatically dispensing a receptacle made of material that is impermeable to the photocurable fluid waste and that transmits radiation capable of curing; a welder or other sealing device for welding the receptacle to form a bag with a portion of the photocurable fluid waste inside; and a source of radiation for curing the photocurable fluid waste in the bag.

Abstract: A lamp assembly comprising one or more lamp clusters. Each lamp cluster comprises one or more electrodeless UV lamps which are excited by microwaves emitted from a microwave generator. The microwave generator and power supply are enclosed within a housing that is integral with the lamp clusters. The lamp clusters are wholly surrounded by a waveguide. The waveguide, comprising a flange and a distal end cap connected by a mesh, forms an enclosure. The waveguide is essentially UV transparent to allow UV light to pass through but effectively opaque to microwaves in order to substantially contain the microwaves within the waveguide enclosure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a membrane module including a first plurality of fibers capable of filtering fluids that are helically wound in layers creating a mono helix. Fluids to be treated can flow radially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mono helix or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mono helix. The membrane module can further include a second plurality of fibers that are helically wound with the first plurality of fibers to create a dual helix. The second plurality of fibers can have different properties than the first plurality of fibers in order to achieve different filtering functionalities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an ultraviolet disinfection system for use with a chamber containing fluid to be treated. The ultraviolet disinfection system includes an ultraviolet light source positioned outside of the chamber, a light manifold, and light fibers extending into the chamber. The light fibers radially disperse the ultraviolet light in order to provide a substantially uniform distribution of ultraviolet light along at least a portion of a longitudinal axis of the chamber.

Abstract: A device and method thereof for the indoor-air purification that utilizes photocatalytic oxidation and ultraviolet lights in a fluidized bed to remove pollutants. The fluidized bed contains ultraviolet lights that are immersed within the bed for direct access to ultraviolet-irradiation. Fluidization aids such as vibration and static mixers may be employed to allow for better circulation of the catalyst bed to increase reaction rates. Photocatalytic oxidation within the device uses photocatalyst particles that were designed to be more active, fluidize better and have ten-fold higher attrition-resistant qualities than current industry standards. The device provides for the most efficient use of and longevity of ultraviolet light which reduces operating costs.

Abstract: A liquid storage and dispensing device with a filter for removing minerals and a UV light source for killing pathogens existing in a liquid. A liquid is introduced into the device via the inlet. The liquid passes through the filter into a collector. The filtered liquid flows from the collector through a passage into a UV chamber. The UV light source emits UV rays through a UV transmissive wall into the interior portion of the UV chamber. Exposure to the UV light kills pathogens present in the filtered liquid. Substantially purified liquid can then be dispensed from an outlet.

Abstract: A UV Disinfection System is provided comprising a wastewater treatment device in combination with a UV treatment device. Multiple embodiments provide that the UV treatment device is contained substantially within the wastewater treatment device. Embodiments include those wherein the UV treatment device is substantially vertically oriented and extends downward from an outlet shared by the wastewater treatment device and the UV treatment device, thereby requiring all flow exiting the wastewater treatment device to pass through the UV treatment device.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for sterilizing a food product. The apparatus comprises an ionization unit for holding the food product, a housing enclosing the ionization unit, a bipolar ionization assembly and a pulse power energization assembly. The bipolar ionization assembly comprises a generator unit and at least one ionization tube for generating bipolar ionization within the ionization unit for sterilizing the food product. The pulse power energization assembly comprises at least one ultraviolet light energy source for generating pulsed energy and at least one ultraviolet light emitting unit for generating pulsed ultraviolet light within the ionization unit upon receiving the pulsed energy. The pulsed ultraviolet light is capable of irradiating the food product for sterilizing purposes.

Abstract: In order to disinfect and to detoxify a fluid, a photoreactor contains at least two light sources. One light source activates the catalytic function of a semiconductor material in the fluid to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the fluid, such as by breaking down organic contaminants into non-toxic compounds. A second light source acts directly on living biological entities to sterilize or kill them and thereby disinfect the fluid, and can also serve to activate a semiconductor photocatalyst that in turn causes further damage to biological contaminants. The semiconductor photocatalyst is desirably attached to an optically transmitting fiber substrate in the fluid. The second light source in one embodiment is external to the fluid and illuminates the photocatalyst through transmitting surfaces in a fluid containment vessel. The light sources can comprise respective sets of plural LEDs.

Abstract: A reactor unit for photocatalytic treatment of fluids such as air, includes a catalyser device (4) comprising a catalytic material support having a generally tubular shape defining a fluid flow channel extending around and along a fluid flow path and a photocatalytic material coated on at least a portion of an internal surface of the support, and a radiation source (30) received in a central portion of the catalyser device. The catalytic material support comprises a wall portion and a plurality of tapered protrusions (8) extending from an internal surface of the wall portion to a tip proximate to the radiation source, the tapered protrusions being arranged around the radiation source and along the fluid flow channel.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ozone generator for making ozone using a UV lamp. The ozone generator includes separate first and second sealed containers preferably mounted on a common base. An air pump positioned within the first sealed container draws air into the first sealed container through an air filter. The air pump also causes this filtered air to exit the first sealed container and enter the second sealed container. A UV light source is positioned inside the second sealed container in a manner so as to cause the air from said first sealed container to be radiated by said UV light source as the air flows across the UV light source and towards an output opening in the second sealed container, to cause at least some of the air to be converted into ozone gas prior to the air exiting the second container. A cooling fan and a ballast circuit for the UV light source are preferably also contained within the first sealed container.

Abstract: A variety of reactors that are arranged to treat aerosol particulates that are carried in a fluid stream passing through the reactor is described. In one aspect, the reactor includes a plasma chamber arranged to receive the fluid stream and subject particulates carried in the fluid stream to a cold plasma that has a sufficiently high concentration of reactive species to treat at least some of the particulates passing therethrough. A catalyst is provided downstream of the plasma chamber. The catalyst is arranged to enhance the conversion of reactive species that are contained in the fluid stream before the stream emerges from the reactor. In another aspect, a catalyst electrode is described. The catalyst electrode may include a catalyst material carried on an electrode. A potential may be applied to the electrode during use to attract charged species towards the catalyst.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light source apparatus that can eliminate debris adhering to a component such as optical elements provided within a chamber. The extreme ultraviolet light source apparatus includes: a chamber in which extreme ultraviolet light is generated; a target material supply unit for supplying a target material into the chamber; a driver laser unit for irradiating the target material with a driver pulse laser beam to generate plasma; a cleaning laser unit for emitting a cleaning pulse laser beam; and a control unit for controlling an irradiation position of the cleaning pulse laser beam emitted from the cleaning laser unit so as to irradiate a component provided within the chamber with the cleaning pulse laser beam to remove debris adhering to a surface of the component.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can include an air transporter-conditioner having a housing with an inlet and an outlet. An ion generator is disposed within the housing, the ion generator being adapted to create an airflow between the inlet and the outlet. The ion generator can comprise a emitter electrode array and a collector electrode array, with a voltage generator electrically connecting the arrays. A grid having a photocatalytic coating can further be disposed within the housing such that the grid is upstream of the arrays, and within an airflow generated by the ion generator. An activator, for example a UV lamp, can still further be disposed within the housing and upstream of the arrays, and positioned such that the grid is irradiated by UV light from the UV lamp, activating the photocatalyst and causing VOCs to breakdown in the presence of the photocatalyst.

Abstract: The system, method and apparatus involves the control of microbiological contamination of commercial freeze dryers using advanced oxidation gases produced by Photohydroionization (PHI) Cell technology. The PHI Cell system produces hydro peroxides, super oxide ions, ozonide ions, hydroxides and other oxidative gases. These compounds act as anti-microbial agents and systematically inactivate bacteria, viruses, yeast and mold in the air and on surfaces inside commercial freeze dryers.

Abstract: A photocatalytic device for reacting with volatile organic compounds includes a photocatalyst and at least one additive, such as hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide, that is capable of forming a stable silicate with silicon dioxide. The additive reacts with volatile silicon-containing compounds to form stable silicate compounds. As a result, the silicon-containing compounds are unavailable for deactivation of the photocatalyst.

Abstract: A photocatalytic air purifier is disclosed. The photocatalytic purifier includes filter structures coated with a catalytic material such as titanium dioxide. One or more UV lamps are interposed between the filter structures. The catalytic layer reacts with airborne VOCs and bioaerosols when activated by the UV lamps to thereby oxidize the VOCs and destroy the bioaerosols. The photocatalytic air purifier does not need to be replaced or regenerated after a period of continuous usage. The photocatalytic purifier of the present invention substantially eliminates odors, VOCs, and bioaerosols from air directed through the fan coil. The photocatalytic air purifier includes a control system that optimizes operating costs. Because of these features, service, maintenance, and filter replacement are reduced to a minimum. At the same time, the well being of persons living in the space conditioned by the photocatalytic air purifier is improved.

Abstract: A coil-shaped reactor and process are provided to degrade or remove contaminants from water.

Abstract: A resist pattern processing apparatus comprises a stage for mounting a substrate having a patterned photoresist arranged on a surface thereof, a UV-emitting part for emitting UV rays to the stage, and an annular member for surrounding the whole periphery of the substrate. This allows the annular member to restrain ozone supplied near a mounting surface for the substrate on the stage from diffusing to the periphery of the stage, whereby the ozone concentration becomes even in the surface of the substrate mounted on the stage.

Abstract: A filter assembly for an air purifier is provided. The filter assembly includes base plates that are curved and have a lamp insertion hole formed at its center so that an ultraviolet (UV) lamp can be inserted thereto, a gap retaining member that keeps the base plates spaced apart from each other and combined with each other. Surfaces of the base plates are coated with either a photocatalyst material and silver nanoparticles. According to the filter assembly, the sterilizing and disinfecting capability can be enhanced by increasing a contact area between each of base plates and silver nanoparticles. In addition, since the filter assembly is easily assembled, length adaptability of the filter assembly can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention refers to a device (1) and method for sterilizing partly formed packages (6) in a packaging machine. The device (1) comprises an inner chamber (2) and an outer chamber (3), the inner chamber (2) being provided with a sterilization unit (5). Further, it comprises a carrier unit (10), comprising a separating member (11) and a package carrying member (12), which is being adapted to rotate between a first position in which the package carrying member (12) is located in the outer chamber (3), and in which the separating member (11) separates the inner chamber (2) from the outer chamber (3), and a second position in which the carrier unit (10) has rotated a package (6) into the inner chamber (2) and in which the separating member (11) separates the inner chamber (2) from the outer chamber (3).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing at least one fluid flowing through a fluid system using ultraviolet light to control organisms. Ultraviolet lamps are positioned in the fluid flow and arrays of triangularly shaped mixing elements are arranged at spaced intervals along the length of each lamp, wherein the plurality of arrays of triangularly shaped mixing elements create four vortices surrounding each elongated member forming a square array of vortices.

Abstract: A multi-chamber air sterilization system including an air inlet, an air test chamber in fluid communication with the air inlet, a mechanical and chemical filtration chamber, an ultraviolet light chamber, a blower and an air exhaust. The system includes a filter sleeve for filtering particulates and chemical agents, and an ultraviolet lamp for killing biological agents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluid treatment device comprising a housing for receiving a flow of fluid. The housing comprises a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a closed fluid treatment zone disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. Disposed in the housing is at least one elongate radiation source assembly having a longitudinal axis disposed in the fluid treatment zone substantially parallel to a direction of the flow of fluid through the housing. The radiation source assembly comprises an elongate radiation source disposed in a protective sleeve to define a substantially annular passageway. The protective sleeve has opposed open ends configured to permit heat to exit the passageway and the housing through at least one of the opposed open ends of the sleeve.

Abstract: An air treatment system includes a filter and heating element, a plasma device, and a photocatalyst and UV light that cooperate to purify an air stream flowing through the air treatment system and protect the photocatalyst from passivating effects of certain contaminants. The air treatment system operates in two different modes. In the first mode, the air treatment system primarily draws air from and returns air to a space, and the heating element and plasma device are selectively shut off. In the second mode, the air treatment system regenerates the filter using the heating element to selectively heat the filter and release adsorbed contaminants. The plasma device is selectively turned on and chemically transforms the released contaminants into solid contaminant products. The solid contaminant products are deposited on a biased electrode of the plasma device. The UV light is turned off to ensure that the photocatalyst is inoperable during the release and transformation of the contaminants.

Abstract: A water treatment system that performs a water purifying treatment by use of ultraviolet radiation, comprises a front stage ultraviolet radiation device for radiating ultraviolet light in a front stage process in a water purifying treatment process, a rear stage ultraviolet radiation device for radiating ultraviolet light in a rear stage process, and a controller for controlling these ultraviolet radiation devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a combined labyrinthine fluid sterilizing apparatus, comprising a chamber having an inlet and an outlet as well as a blower/fan provided in the chamber. Ultraviolet lamps are mounted in the lumen of the chamber. The lumen of the chamber is divided by a plurality of bafflers having pores. The pores in the adjacent bafflers are arranged to stagger up and down or from side to side. A mesh plate is provided at the pore. The top and bottom plates of the chamber can be flipped open. The baffler is inserted in the slots in the inner side of the front and back plates. The top and bottom plates have the pore and a cover plate which are both covered by a shield. At least one of the bafflers has a pore, and is provided with a one-way openable valve. The blower is mounted at the pore of the baffler. The chamber and the bafflers are coated with a layer of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Pollutant decomposition device, including at least one outer transparent sheet and at least one inner transparent sheet being arranged such that a gap is formed between them and such that the gap is in communication with a surrounding gaseous composition on one side of the device such that the gaseous composition can pass through the gap. The device further including a photocatalyst arranged in the gap for depolluting the gaseous composition that pass through the gap. To obtain optimum decomposition efficiency the outer transparent sheet has a high degree of ultraviolet transmittance compared with the inner transparent sheet.

Abstract: A system for decomposing a liquid or gaseous organic compound comprises a ultraviolet decomposition unit and an intermediate product treatment apparatus. The ultraviolet decomposition unit decomposes an organic compound contained in polluted liquid or polluted gas by irradiating ultraviolet rays whose wavelength is less than 300 nm to the polluted liquid or the polluted gas containing the organic compound. An acid electrolytic water feed pipe and an alkali electrolytic water feed pipe are respectively connected to the intermediate product treatment apparatus through valves to neutralize an intermediate product, which results from decomposition of the organic compound, for decomposition by selectively adding strong alkali electrolytic water and strong acid electrolytic water to the polluted liquid or the polluted gas containing the intermediate product.

Abstract: A water disinfection apparatus includes a chamber adapted for connection to a pressurized water source. An ultra violet light is oriented to shine ultra violet rays into the chamber and to disinfect water therein, and a normally closed output valve connects the chamber to a supply valve. A control senses when a connected supply valve has been opened, and is operative to turn the ultra violet light on when the connected supply valve is opened; open the output valve after the ultra violet light has been turned on; close the output valve off after a supply time period expires; and turn the ultra violet light off when the output valve has been closed. The ultra violet light is turned on at all times that the output valve is open.

Abstract: A fine channel device capable of producing fine particles in an industrial scale, hardening the fine particles immediately after the production and recovering the fine particles from a medium without collapsing the shape of the produced fine particles, a fine particle producing method using the fine channel device and a solvent extraction method using the fine channel, are presented. The fine channel device comprises a fine channel provided with an inlet port and an inlet channel which feed a dispersion phase, an inlet port and an inlet channel which feed a continuous phase, and an outlet channel and an outlet port which discharge fine particles produced by the dispersion phase and the continuous phase, wherein the inlet channel for feeding the dispersion phase and the inlet channel for feeding the continuous phase are joined at an arbitrary angle, and the two inlet channels are connected to the outlet channel at the arbitrary angle.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a photolytic cell, and to a photolytic artificial lung incorporating such a cell. The photolytic artificial lung converts water to oxygen for blood absorption, regulates pH, the removes carbon dioxide, and co-produces electrical power. The photolytic artificial lung includes a photolytic cell where all of the chemical reactions occur. Additionally, the present invention relates to photolytically sensitive materials for oxygen generation. These materials are useful for gas-free artificial lung fabrication. The photolytic cell disclosed herein can also be used to direct chemical reactions in organs other than the lung. It can also be used to maintain breathing air in confined systems.

Abstract: The invention has two primary portions, a means to provide ultra-violet radiation and a means for adsorbing organic, inorganic and, optionally, pathogens. The means to provide ultra-violet radiation comprises ultra-violet light sources emitting, at least in part, in the spectrum around 265 nm. Light emitting devices, including light emitting diodes and other solid state light emitting devices are available in this range as well. The adsorbent portion comprises several different adsorbent media, including zeolites, titanium dioxide (TiO2), alumina, carbon, micro- and/or nano-porous carbon, other minerals with a naturally occurring micro- and/or nano-porous structure, synthetic, including organic, substrates with a micro- and/or nano-porous structure, and surface-modified variations of the preceding adsorbents.

Abstract: Provided is a sterile environment maintaining apparatus capable of sterilizing a sterile room in a shorter time than conventional ones. The sterile environment maintaining apparatus according to the present invention comprises a sterile room 10 having an inlet opening 11 and an outlet opening 12, a HEPA filter 3 placed so as to cover the inlet opening 11 or the inlet opening 11 and the outlet opening 12 of the sterile room 10, and a sterilizing material supplying part supplying a sterilizing material such as hydrogen peroxide to the sterile room 10, and the sterile room 10 is provided with a detoxifying material supplying part spraying a detoxifying material such as ozone toward the HEPA filter 3.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing contaminants from air, including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. In one of the chambers of a multi-chambered enclosure, polluted inlet air is exposed to one or more first light sources emitting light at wavelengths less than or equal to 242.3 nm to cause dissociation of contaminant molecules, creating ozone plus remaining atoms. The remaining atoms are largely filtered by activated charcoal filters having an appropriate thickness which is sized to achieve suitable dwell times, and which also serves as an oxygen rich medium permitting the ozone generated to undergo atomic rearrangement, whereby ozone molecules (O3) and atomic oxygen atoms (O) form oxygen molecules (O2). In another downstream chamber, the air flow is exposed to one or more second light sources emitting light at wavelengths greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm, causing conversion of remaining ozone into oxygen molecules.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light is an effective sterilization agent. Convenient mobile sterilization devices are described herein that, in certain embodiments, provide indications to a user of how much sterilizing light is required for a given sterilization goal and how much light has been applied to a surface towards that goal. Users can move the devices across a target surface as needed to sterilize or disinfect the surface, with the device tracking the dosage applied to the surface. One embodiment of a mobile device that comprises an ultraviolet C (UVC) light source, a distance detector, an indicator, and a microprocessor that receives data from the distance detector for calculating an intensity of the light from the source on a target surface and for calculating a dosage of the light on the surface to provide a signal to the indicator when a predetermined dosage is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates an apparatus that reduces and/or eliminates germs and/or bacteria from the soles of a person's footwear, and an associated method of use. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a person can step onto and stand on the exemplary apparatus to have germs and/or bacteria reduced and/or eliminated from the soles of his or her footwear through the use of anti-germicidal and/or antimicrobial radiation and/or light. An exemplary apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be configured so that when a person stands on a top portion, the person's footwear sinks to a bottom portion that is substantially transparent, displacing substantially opaque gel so that at least one of the soles of the person's footwear is exposed to the anti-germicidal and/or antimicrobial radiation and/or light source.

Abstract: This UV light system for use in a central air handling unit of a heating or air conditioning system includes a UV light source and is adapted for operation on, and receives power from, an approximately 24VAC low voltage power supply for a thermostat of the heating or air conditioning system. In its preferred embodiments it is provided with a mounting system including a bendable “Z” shaped mounting bracket, which bracket can be bent to multiple angles allowing the UV light source to be positioned in numerous ways within the central air handling unit. It is preferably packaged in a cylindrical packing case where the elongate cylindrical emitter portion of the UV light source is aligned with the axis of the case.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air purification apparatus designed to sterilize contaminated air, eliminate bad smells and decompose harmful substances, and more particularly, to a photocatalyst device using a porous pipe, which can improve photocatalyst reactions with ultraviolet light, and an air purification apparatus using the photocatalyst device. The photocatalyst device of the present invention comprises a porous pipe having a plurality of holes bored therethrough, the porous pipe being capable of receiving an ultraviolet lamp therein; and a photocatalyst pouch consisting of a glass fiber coated with a photocatalyst, the photocatalyst pouch configured to surround the porous pipe.

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses and methods for making chlorine dioxide on demand by converting a chlorine dioxide generating solution into chlorine dioxide by exposure to UV light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit (10). The unit (10) includes a filter housing assembly (60) having a filter tank assembly (66) and a closure (64) which utilizes a handle (152) and cammed reciprocating lock blades (146, 150) to secure the closure (64) to the filter tank assembly (66). A UV tank assembly (300) includes a planar baffle plate (322) and a vaned baffle plate (324) to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly (280). The UV lamp assembly (280) is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to UV tank assembly (300) and electrical cap assembly (290) using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly (40) is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly (34). The bi-planar manifold assembly (26) enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit (10).

Abstract: The object of the invention is a double-walled chamber for the UV disinfection of liquids, preferably drinking water and/or waste water. It realizes a rectangular and/or square cross-sectional shape of the UV radiation chamber even at higher pressures, whereby the radiation chamber can moreover be provided with a thin-walled configuration and allows an optimal and close arrangement of UV radiators as compared with a round chamber. By applying the inventive idea, the known dead zones at the entrance are completely eliminated and an entrance turbulence is produced which runs simultaneously with the piston flow in the chamber.

Abstract: A reactor produces a surface corona for emitting UV light and for the production of ozone by passing air or oxygen through the surface corona. The emitted UV light activates a photocatalyst coated on a surface facing a surface with embedded electrodes which generate the surface corona. The photocatalyst is a thin film of nanoparticle TiO2 with primary particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 ?m was deposited on a substrate by a flame aerosol method. The method combines ozonation and photocatalysis to provide effective and efficient oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons to value added products. The method can also be used for air and water cleaning.

Abstract: An ultraviolet sterilizer and method of use thereof are disclosed for rapidly and conveniently sterilizing the end of a tubular cosmetic applicator, such as an eyeliner pencil or a lipstick. A hole in the sterilizer allows an end of the cosmetic applicator to be inserted for sterilization. A hole blocking mechanism, such as an iris, can be included, and can be automatically activated by a sensor when an applicator is inserted through the hole. Some embodiments are battery powered and portable, and some of these are wearable by a strap or attachable to a belt. Various embodiments include a brush bristle manipulating structure and/or an ultrasonic source to agitate and expose contaminants during sterilization. Embodiments are able to kill 99 percent of accessible bacteria after a 10 second exposure. Some embodiments further include a drawer or other access mechanism that allows one or more complete applicators to be simultaneously sterilized.

Abstract: An indoor air purification system and method of same includes a case which removably attaches to an exhaust of cleaning equipment. An air purification chamber housed within the case includes an intake and exhaust wall and side walls, including a first side wall having an outside and inside surface. The intake and exhaust walls of the chamber are covered by aluminum metal mesh filters with a titanium dioxide coating. An ultraviolet-A blacklight blue is mounted to the inside surface of the first side wall of the chamber and includes an elongated u-shaped lamp for activating the titanium dioxide coating. An ultraviolet-C germicidal light for ultraviolet germicidal irradiation is mounted above the ultraviolet-A blacklight blue within the chamber and includes an elongated u-shaped lamp. A solid state high frequency electronic ballast powers and activates the lamps and converts voltage.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus for photocatalytic reaction includes a light-permeable substrate, a photocatalytic layer, and one or more converging lenses. The light-permeable substrate includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The photocatalytic layer is formed on the first surface of the substrate. The lenses are movably formed on the second surface of the substrate and are configured for converging light onto the photocatalytic layer. The apparatus further includes one or more optical filters. The optical filters each include at least one layer assembly. The layer assembly is formed on one of a topside and an underside of the respective lens. Alternatively, the layer assembly can be formed on one of the first and second surfaces of the substrate. The optical filters are configured for allowing light of at least one predetermined band to pass therethrough.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the removal of exhaust gases are provided herein. In some embodiments, an exhaust apparatus may include a housing defining an inner volume; an inlet and an outlet formed in the housing to facilitate flow of an exhaust gas through the inner volume, wherein the inlet is configured to be coupled to a process chamber to receive an exhaust therefrom; and an ultraviolet light source to provide ultraviolet energy to the inner volume. The ultraviolet light source may provide sufficient energy to at least partially decompose the exhaust gases. In some embodiments, the ultraviolet light source may provide ultraviolet energy until the exhaust gas has cooled below a critical temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator (32), a washing device (30) and a washing method using such a ROS generator. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by such a generator provide excellent washing power, and degrade organic stains rapidly to environmentally acceptable products. The generator according to the invention consumes less energy for a. comparable washing effect as compared to conventional washing machines.

Abstract: Methods and compositions to produce chlorine dioxide by reacting one or more reactants under the presence of polarized ultraviolet radiation, an electromagnetic field (EMF), successive chambers, and coiled configurations are disclosed. Polarized ultraviolet radiation and EMF favor the formation of chlorine dioxide and reduces the reversible reactions.