Abstract: We provide a process and apparatus for preparing a used catalyst for disposal, comprising: a. hydrolyzing a used ionic liquid catalyst comprising an anhydrous metal halide to produce a hydrolyzed product; and b. separating the hydrolyzed product into a liquid phase and a solid phase; wherein the liquid phase comprises a non-water-reactive aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase; and wherein the solid phase comprises a solid portion of the hydrolyzed product, that is not water reactive. A vessel is used for the hydrolyzing and a separator is used for the separating.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system and process for alcohol production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously preparing cyclohexanone from phenol making use of a catalyst comprising at least one catalytically active metal selected from platinum and palladium comprising hydrogenating phenol to form a product stream comprising cyclohexanone and unreacted phenol; separating at least part of the product stream, or at least part of the product stream from which one or more components having a lower boiling point than cyclohexanone have been removed, into a first fraction comprising cyclohexanone and a second fraction comprising phenol and cyclohexanol, using distillation; separating the second fraction into a third fraction, rich in cyclohexanol, and a fourth fraction, rich in phenol, using distillation; —subjecting at least part of the fourth fraction to a further distillation step, thereby forming a fifth fraction and a sixth fraction, wherein the fifth fraction is enriched in phenol compared to the sixth fraction, and wherein the sixth fraction comprises side-p

Abstract: A process and system for producing high octane fuel from carbon dioxide and water is disclosed. The feedstock for the production line is industrial carbon dioxide and water, which may be of lower quality. The end product can be high octane gasoline, high cetane diesel or other liquid hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for driving conventional combustion engines or hydrocarbons suitable for further industrial processing or commercial use. Products, such as dimethyl ether or methanol may also be withdrawn from the production line. The process is nearly emission free and reprocesses all hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel to form high octane products. The heat generated by exothermic reactions in the process is fully utilized as is the heat produced in the reprocessing of hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel.

Abstract: Desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is achieved by first contacting the entire feed with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions; a flashing column downstream of the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone fractionates the effluent to obtain a first fraction which contains refractory organosulfur compounds and a second fraction that is substantially free of organosulfur compounds, since the organosulfur compounds boiling in the range of this fraction were the labile organosulfur compounds which were initially removed by mild hydrodesulfurization. The first fraction is contacted with a gaseous oxidizing agent over an oxidation catalyst having a formula CuxZn1-xAl2O4 in a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction zone to convert the refractory organosulfur compounds to SOx and low sulfur hydrocarbons. The by-product SOx is subsequently removed, producing a stream containing a reduced level of organosulfur compounds.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is stripped to recover dichlorohydrin(s) while distilling or fractionating the mixture to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture in one step. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: A method for growing carbon nanowalls on a base material is disclosed. The method comprises mixing a predetermined amount of a hydrocarbon gas with a predetermined amount of at least one non hydrocarbon gas; placing said base material in a reaction chamber having a first portion and a second portion, first portion is extended from a first end of reaction chamber to first end of base material; creating a radical in reaction chamber which comprises a hydrocarbon radical and a non hydrocarbon radical; applying the radical to the base material; and growing carbon nanowalls on said base material based on said hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for generating mercury (II) sulfide from elemental mercury. Elemental mercury is injected into a heated and sealed reaction vessel containing vaporized sulfur. The elemental mercury reacts with at least a portion of the vaporized sulfur to form the mercury (II) sulfide within the reaction vessel. The formed mercury (II) sulfide is then unloaded from the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A device for continuously conditioning fed-out natural gas prior to feeding the same to supply lines leading to consumers has a mixing station for producing a burnable gas from natural gas and oxygen, a reactor container for a catalytic combustion of an introduced mixture of burnable gas and natural gas, at least one drying station that is connected downstream of an outlet of the reactor container, at least one separator, particularly for water, and at least one expansion fitting for reducing the pressure. The reactor container and separator chamber of the separator are disposed in an enclosed housing. The mixing chamber, into which a first feed line for fed-out cold natural gas opens, is disposed in the housing between the reactor container and the separator chamber.

Abstract: A method of reducing sulfur compounds from an incoming gas stream, comprising flowing the gas stream over a hydrolysis catalyst to convert COS and CS2 to H2S and reduce SO2 to elemental sulfur to form an effluent stream; providing an acidic gas removal unit comprising an absorbent; flowing said effluent stream over said absorbent to produce a stream free of acidic gases; applying an acidic-gas desorption mode to said acidic-gas rich absorbent to produce an acidic gas stream; introducing oxygen to said acidic gas-rich stream; providing a direct oxidation vessel containing catalyst suitable for catalyzing the oxidation of the H2S to sulfur wherein the temperature of the vessel is at or above the sulfur dew point at the reaction pressure; and flowing said acidic gas-rich stream over said catalyst to produce a processed stream having a reduced level of sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Systems and methods of removing sulfur from a gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are provided. The systems and methods may utilize iodine to remove sulfur from the gas stream. In certain systems and methods, the iodine may be regenerated. In particular, the present systems and methods may be capable of reducing sulfur content in a gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide H2S gas to levels that are undetectable.

Abstract: An neutralization system includes a main chamber and a secondary chamber linked by a tube, wherein main chamber includes a gas main inlet duct and a gas outlet tube; a tube with nozzles that allows passage of steam in form of steam curtain; a propeller located at a center portion of main chamber; a first flexible tube placed on an upper side and exiting out of a top face of main chamber and rejoining main chamber in a main entrance of gases; at least two additional flexible tubes exiting a side of main chamber; an electric motor that extracts gases and allows pressurized gas to enter flexible tubes; an eviction-tube of liquid waste located at a bottom portion and inwardly of main chamber; an exhaust duct for treated gases located in a rear portion of main chamber which connects through a tube main chamber to secondary chamber.

Abstract: A desulfurizer includes a filled chamber having a raw fuel passage through which a raw fuel flows, the filled chamber being filled with a desulfurizing agent, a supply chamber disposed upstream of the filled chamber, for uniformly supplying the raw fuel to the raw fuel passage, and a discharge chamber disposed downstream of the filled chamber, for uniformly discharging the raw fuel from the raw fuel passage. The raw fuel passage has first and second reversers for reversing the direction in which the raw fuel flows. The raw fuel passage has a cross-sectional area which is smaller in a downstream portion thereof than in an upstream portion thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or alloy, wherein Group 1 metals or alloys are absorbed into the silica gel pores. The invention relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition reacts with dry O2. The invention also relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition produced does not react with dry O2.

Abstract: An improved process for removing polymeric by-product (ASO) from the HF alkylation acid in an HF alkylation unit used for the production of gasoline boiling range alkylate product by olefin/iso-paraffin alkylation, comprises fractionating a portion of the circulating HF alkylation acid inventory of the unit with a portion of hot alkylate product in a fractionation zone to from an overhead product comprising HF alkylation acid and water and a bottoms fraction comprising the polymeric by-product and alkylate. The bottoms fraction is sent to the isoparaffin stripper of the unit to remove trace HF alkylation acid as overhead and form a product stream of hot alkylate as a bottoms fraction.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a large volume of gas from a liquid stream is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first channel through which the liquid stream passes. The apparatus also includes a layer of catalyst particles suspended in a solid slurry for generating gas from the liquid stream. The apparatus further includes a second channel through which a mixture of converted liquid and generated gas passes. A heat exchange channel heats the liquid stream. A wicking structure located in the second channel separates the gas generated from the converted liquid.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, the silane and hydrogen (and inert gas) mixture is produced using catalytic gasification of silicon (or si-containing compounds including silicon alloys) with a hydrogen source such as hydrogen gas, atomic hydrogen and proton. By not separating silane from hydrogen and co-purifying all the gases (silane and hydrogen, inert gas) in the gas mixture simultaneously, the mixture is co-purified and then provide feed stock for downstream application without further diluting the silane gas. One aspect of the invention addresses the need for an improved production method, apparatus and composition for silane gas mixtures for large scale low cost manufacturing of high purity silicon and distributed on-site turnkey applications including but not limited to the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits, photovoltaic solar cells, LCD-flat panels and other electronic devices.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process for producing gasoline of reduced benzene content includes the steps of reforming a reformer feedstock that includes a naphtha stream to produce a gasoline reformate product stream; splitting the gasoline reformate product stream into one or more relatively benzene-rich fractions and one or more relatively benzene-lean fractions; and hydrogenating the one or more relatively benzene-rich fractions to produce a cyclohexane-rich effluent, at least a portion of which cyclohexane-rich effluent is recycled to constitute a portion of the reformer feedstock.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a treat chlorine bypass dust while preventing increases in chemical cost and concentrations of heavy metals in clinker, and ensuring stability in quality of cement. In a chlorine bypass facility 1 extracting a part G of combustion gas, while cooling it, from a kiln exhaust gas passage, which runs from an inlet end of a cement kiln to a bottom cyclone, and recovering a high chlorine concentration chlorine bypass dust D5 from the extracted gas G1, a slurry S containing chlorine bypass dust and SO2 gas or/and CO2 gas are contacted with each other to obtain solid content. The slurry containing chlorine bypass dust and an exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility or/and the exhaust gas from the cement kiln can be contacted with each other, and the solid content can be fed to a cement finishing process, which allows cement with low CaO and Ca(OH)2 contents and with stable property such as setting time to be produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for intensifying the energy content of an organic material by converting the material into hydrocarbons and the resulting product thereof. A method for converting an organic material into hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of pressurising said organic material being in a fluid to a pressure above 225 bar, heating said organic material in said fluid to a temperature above 200 C in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of at least one element of group IA of the periodic table of elements. The disclosed method further comprises the steps of contacting said organic material in said fluid with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of at least one element of group IVB of the periodic table and/or alpha-alumina assuring that said fluid has initially a pH value of above 7.

Abstract: A reactive distillation method comprises introducing an feed stream comprising ethanol to a reactive distillation column, contacting the feed stream with a catalyst in the reactive distillation column during a distillation, where the feed stream reacts in the presence of the catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising ethyl acetate and hydrogen, removing ethyl acetate during the distillation from the reactive distillation column as a bottoms stream, and removing hydrogen during the distillation from the reactive distillation column as an overhead stream.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate container having a hydrogen generator and catalyst disposed or otherwise incorporated in components of the container, including the closure, closure insert, label, label glue, and/or any other portions of the final container assembly. In addition, the catalyst and the hydrogen generator can both be located in the same component. Methods for dispersing the hydrogen generator and catalyst in the container wall without affecting clarity are provided.

Abstract: A selective mid-distillate hydrotreating process is provided for production of hydrocarbon fuels with an ultra-low level of sulfur in which the initial hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced into to an aromatic extraction zone to produce an aromatic-lean fraction and an aromatic-rich fraction, which contain different classes of organosulfur compounds having different reactivities when subjected to hydrotreating reactions. The aromatic-lean fraction contains primarily labile heteroatom-containing compounds, and is passed to a first hydrotreating zone operating under mild conditions to remove the sulfur heteroatom from organosulfur hydrocarbon compounds. The aromatic-rich fraction contains primarily refractory heteroatom-containing compounds, including aromatic molecules such as certain benzothiophenes (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by using a dividing wall column.

Abstract: [Subject] Manufacturing onion-like carbon at a low cost. [Means for Realizing Subject] According to the invention, DLC powder, which is hard carbon powder, is produced by plasma CVD using a hydrocarbon gas as a material gas, in a first step, i.e. a DLC powder producing processing step. Then, in a second step, i.e. a DLC-to-OLC converting processing step, the DLC powder is heated in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere to thereby convert the DLC powder into OLC. Like this, according to the invention, since a hydrocarbon gas can be used as a starting material to manufacture OLC, OLC can be manufactured at a significantly low cost.

Abstract: A method of preparing a controlled release particle of soy isoflavone (e.g. genistein) with a bio-degradable polymer is disclosed herein. The method employs a supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion (SFEE) process for encapsulating soy isoflavone into a bio-degradable polymer matrix (e.g. PLGA) to form a particle which is suitable for oral administration or inhalable administration in a controlled release manner and with an improved bioavailability of the soy isoflavone. A system for preparing the controlled release particle of the soy isoflavone with the bio-degradable polymer using the SFEE process is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A system for stripping fatty acids from triglycerides, the system including a reactor; a heating apparatus whereby a contents of the reactor may be heated to a temperature in the range of from 200° C. to 600° C.; and a vacuum pump capable of pulling a vacuum in the range of from 1 kPa to 50 kPa on the reactor.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus produce economically feasible biodiesel without subsidies. Toward that end, integrated small plants process materials containing lipids with anhydrous bioethanol as solvent and reactant, and sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide mainly as catalysts to produce up to 3 million gallons of biodiesel per plant per year. The product is predominantly fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEE) and a chemically-enhanced organic fertilizer as byproduct. The raw material may include a wide variety of non-edible solid matter that contains lipids, which normally have from 0.5% to 80% by weight of free fatty acids in total oils. Multiple apparatus makes this process feasible. In addition to not competing with food production, since they supply fertilizer for small scale farmers, the processes and apparatus allow sustainable liquid fuel production.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to systems for deaerating a stream of slag sump water produced by a gasifier. For example, in one embodiment, a system includes a flash vessel having a first inlet configured to introduce a first fluid into the flash vessel, wherein the flash vessel is configured to flash the first fluid to produce a first flash gas, a second inlet configured to introduce a stream from slag sump into the flash vessel, wherein the stream from slag sump comprises a mixture of a gasification fine slag, dissolved oxygen (O2), and water. A gas-liquid contactor in the flash vessel is configured to contact the stream from slag sump with the first flash gas to enable the first flash gas to deaerate the stream from slag sump. A first outlet of the vessel is configured to output an overhead discharge comprising the first flash gas and oxygen from the stream from slag sump.

Abstract: A process for producing pipeline-ready or refinery-ready feedstock from heavy hydrocarbons using a high-performance solvent extraction process with high local solvent-to-process fluid ratios yet maintaining low overall solvent-to-process fluid ratios, by first performing mild thermal cracking on the heavy hydrocarbons and then separating asphaltene-rich fractions from a resulting thermally affected fluid so that the high solvent-to-oil ratio portion of the process acts only on those asphaltene-rich fractions, and producing a dry, solid asphaltene as an end-product.

Abstract: A cyclone system for a gasifier having two or more cyclones arranged in series sharing a combined loop seal and dipleg is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for capturing and recycling fines with the cyclone system.

Abstract: A method and system for reforming hydrocarbon gas, which includes stripping from the hydrocarbon gas at least most of gaseous impurities of a type and/or quantity which would normally interfere with efficient catalytic reforming in order to provide stripped hydrocarbon gas including carbon dioxide, optionally compressing the stripped hydrocarbon gas to provide compressed stripped hydrocarbon gas, and reacting the stripped hydrocarbon gas in a solar radiation receiving reactor having a catalyst that is heated by concentrated solar radiation impinging thereon, thereby providing an output gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The invention also includes a method and system for reforming hydrocarbons in a solar radiation receiver reactor, and such a system that also includes a certification system for certifying the amount and composition of the output gas mixture.

Abstract: A system includes a dip tube configured to direct a gas toward a sump. The dip tube includes an inner surface and an outer surface. The system also includes a quench ring coupled to the dip tube. The quench ring is configured to provide a quench fluid flow to the sump over both the inner surface and the outer surface of the dip tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus convert carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials. Carbon dioxide is isolated from flue gas emitted by a combustion system. An electropositive metal is burned in an atmosphere of isolated carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials.

Abstract: The plate reactor includes a rotatable plate coated with a thin film containing an active photocatalytic nanocomposite. In use, the plate is partially submerged in polluted water so that a portion thereof is exposed to air and light. The exposed areas of the plate gains oxygen from the air, which reacts with the photo-promoted electrons from the coating. This results in the formation of very reactive superoxide radical ions (O2?) and/or the generation of hydroxyl radicals (.OH), either of which can oxidize targeted organic matter and pollutants in wastewater when the exposed area is submerged during rotation of the plate, thus purifying the water. A plurality of paddles radially extend from the edge of the plate to mix the water during rotation.

Abstract: The invention features a method of attaching a ligand that has a free carboxyl group to a solid support by adding an amino group to the ligand to form a ligand-amino derivative, converting the ligand amino derivative to a ligand sulfhydryl derivative, attaching the ligand sulfhydryl derivative to a protein to form a ligand-linker-protein conjugate, and applying the ligand-linker-protein conjugate to the solid support. The method is particularly useful for immobilizing small molecule ligands having a free carboxyl group, such as cloxicillin, to a lateral-flow test strip, in order to make a detection zone on the test strip that exhibits a clear signal and enhanced sensitivity.

Abstract: A continuous process and system for preparing branched aldehydes by reacting aldehyde with an acid polymeric catalyst absent any metal from Group VIII to produce a product having about 10 to 99.99% by weight branched unsaturated aldehyde and at least 92% selectivity of reaction to the branched aldehyde and recycling a portion of the product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils of high viscosity and low API gravity that are typically not suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sequestering carbon dioxide from a waste gas and reusing it as a recycled gas without emissions concerns, including: given a gas source divided into a process gas and a waste gas: mixing the process gas with a hydrocarbon and feeding a resulting feed gas into a reformer for reforming the feed gas and forming a reducing gas; and feeding at least a portion of the waste gas into a carbon dioxide scrubber for removing at least some carbon dioxide from the waste gas and forming a carbon dioxide lean gas that is mixed with the reducing gas. Optionally, the method also includes feeding at least a portion of the waste gas into the carbon dioxide scrubber for removing at least some carbon dioxide from the waste gas and forming a fuel gas after the addition of a hydrocarbon that is fed into the reformer.

Abstract: With a method for the generation of synthesis gas by means of gasification of solid or liquid carbonaceous fuels with an oxidation agent containing oxygen, in a reactor, wherein the synthesis gas is passed out of the reactor overhead, and the mineral ash/slag droplets that occur during the reaction are passed out of the reactor downward, in the direction of gravity, it is supposed to be made possible to use a flue-tube boiler, which is clearly less expensive, for heat removal in place of radiant boilers. This is achieved in that the synthesis gas is passed over a hot-gas filter (2), without being cooled, and subsequently passed through a flue-tube boiler (3), for cooling, wherein ash/slag particles precipitated on the hot-gas filter (2) are passed back into the gasification reactor (1), in the direction of gravity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reaction device for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, in which hydrocarbons, olefins, oxygenates, etc., are produced over a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by using synthesis gas, so that catalyst particles can easily be from a slurry which is discharged to the outside. That is, the present invention provides a reaction device for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, in which an internal filter system for separating particles enlarged due to a agglomeration phenomenon of a catalyst is installed inside the reactor, and an separating device is separately disposed outside, such that it is possible to recirculate only particles having a size appropriate for performing F-T synthesis in the slurry phase, and additionally, it is possible to effectively discharge and process a catalyst aggregated due to a combination of fine catalyst particles, the catalyst chipped off during the operation, etc., liquid hydrocarbon, resulting water, etc., in the slurry phase reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions of nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles are Janus particles, where each particle includes a first component and second component that are exposed to the surface of the particle. Also, disclosed are methods and systems for making a composition of nanoparticles. Finally, a method of treating a mammal by administering a composition of nanoparticles is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a honeycomb reactor or reactor component is disclosed, including the steps of providing a honeycomb structure having cells divided by cell walls, providing an array of cutting tools arrayed in a pattern so as to be able to simultaneously align with a first plurality of the cell walls at a first end of the structure, and cutting the walls of the first plurality, reducing their height. Systems utilizing the reactors or reactor components thus formed are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feed in a hydroprocessing unit and hydrotreating a second hydrocarbon. The hydrotreating effluent is mixed with hydroprocessing effluent and together fractionated.

Abstract: A reactor (6) for pyrolysing waste, in particular rubber tires, said reactor comprising a pyrolysis space (68), an inlet port (63) and an outlet port (64) enabling a flow across the pyrolysis space (68) of a heating medium for transferring heat required for the pyrolysis, and a lower discharge port (62) for discharging solid residues of the pyrolysis. The invention is, characterized in that—it comprises a baffle means (65) made of a plate material and enabling a gravitational slipping of the solid residues towards the discharge port (62), which baffle means (65) has openings (66) allowing the flow of the heating medium and is arranged to divide the inner space of the reactor (6) to form an upper pyrolysis space (68) and a lower space and—one of the inlet and outlet ports (63, 64) is in connection with the pyrolysis space (68) and the other one with the lower space. The invention is also an apparatus comprising the above reactor (6).

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen generation device using a photocatalyst to generate hydrogen from liquid water or water vapor and a method of using the same. The hydrogen generation device of the present invention has a water channel through which liquid water or water vapor flows, and which has an outer circumferential wall made at least in part of a transparent material; a hydrogen channel through which hydrogen flows and which is located at the inner circumference side of the water channel; a hydrogen separating membrane forming at least part of a wall between the water channel and hydrogen channel, separating hydrogen from the liquid water or water vapor in the water channel, and providing the hydrogen to the hydrogen channel; and a photocatalyst layer arranged on least at part of the water channel-side surface of the hydrogen separating membrane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new system for controlling temperature and pressure in, at least, one chemical reactor, characterized in that it includes, at least, the following devices: a) a deposit with at least one pressure regulation device; b) a connecting duct between said deposit and the reactor; c) a device for injecting condensates into the reactor. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of said control system to control the pressure and temperature of at least one chemical reactor, being especially applicable to a chemical reactor in which a hydrothermal biomass carbonization reaction takes place.

Abstract: A recirculated-suspension pre-calciner system is disclosed, comprising: a vortex cyclone dust collecting equipment including a plurality of devices, wherein a top device of the vortex cyclone dust collecting equipment is used as a feed system; a vertical combustion kiln; a blower; and a powder purge system, wherein powders in the feed system fall into the vortex cyclone dust collecting equipment and pass through a plurality of the devices to mix and exchange heat with flue gas comprising CO2, generating calcination reaction and releasing CO2 into the flue gas. and the steam is separated and transported to the feed system by the blower and acts as a carrier gas of powders.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing an ozone destructor are disclosed herein. Generally, these systems and methods include an ozone destructor that has a housing defining an air passage duct. In some cases, this air passage duct includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are arranged so that air is able to flow into the first chamber, through the second chamber, and out of the destructor. In some cases, an air drying mechanism is disposed in the first and/or the second chamber. Additionally, in some cases, the ozone destructor further includes multiple mechanisms that reduce ozone to oxygen. In light of these features, the ozone destructor is capable of incrementally drying and reducing air and ozone, respectively, as they pass through the first chamber and the second chamber.

Abstract: Continuous flow systems and methods produce succinic anhydride by a double carbonylation of ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and at least one catalyst. In some embodiments, the double carbonylation occurs using a single catalyst. In other embodiments, a first catalyst is used to promote the first carbonylation, and a second catalyst different from the first catalyst is used to promote the second carbonylation. The succinic anhydride is isolated from the product stream by crystallization and the catalyst is recycled to the reaction stream.