Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting natural gas from a source, such as a wellhead, pipeline, or a storage facility, into hydrocarbon liquid stable at room temperature, comprising a skid or trailer mounted portable gas to liquids reactor. The reactor includes a preprocessor which desulfurizes and dehydrates the natural gas, a first stage reactor which transforms the preprocessed natural gas into synthesis gas, and a liquid production unit using a Fischer-Tropsch or similar polymerization process. The hydrocarbon liquid may be stored in a portable tank for later transportation or further processed on site.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing process monitoring and control are provided herein. In some embodiments, apparatus for substrate processing may include a process chamber for processing a substrate in an inner volume of the process chamber; a radiation source disposed outside of the process chamber to provide radiation at a frequency of about 200 GHz to about 2 THz into the inner volume via a dielectric window in a wall of the vacuum process chamber; a detector to detect the signal after having passed through the inner volume; and a controller coupled to the detector and configured to determine the composition of species within the inner volume based upon the detected signal.

Abstract: A process for separating water from pyrolysis gasoline obtained from a steam cracking step uses a coalescer for the water separation. And a device comprises a coalescer for water separation from pyrolysis gasoline.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating higher alcohols from synthesis gas produced from carbonaceous materials are described, which can include a reactor configured to produce an alcohol stream and CO2 from a syngas feed. The alcohol stream can be separated in one or more downstream separators to produce a net reactor product and a methanol stream that can recycled into the reactor. The net reactor product preferably comprises higher-order alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a process for removing iron ions from an organic stream by contacting the organic stream with an ion exchange resin prior to contacting the organic stream with a peroxide solution including a stabilizer.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus which synthesizes a hydrocarbon compound by a chemical reaction of a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the main components, and a slurry having solid catalyst particles suspended in a liquid, the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus is provided with: a reactor which contains the slurry; a synthesis gas introduction part which introduces the synthesis gas into the reactor; and a synthesis gas heating part which is provided in the synthesis gas introduction part to heat the synthesis gas introduced into the reactor to the decomposition temperature of carbonyl compounds or higher.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is distilled or fractionated to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture to form a higher boiling fraction comprising the residue of the distillation or fractionation. The higher boiling fraction is distilled or fractionated to separate remaining dichlorohydrin(s) from the above mixture to form an even higher boiling fraction comprising the residue of the distillation or fractionation. At least some of the lower boiling fraction and the dichlorohydrin(s) are recovered.

Abstract: Methods and systems for upgrading hydrocarbon material, including bituminous material such as tar sands. A hydrocarbon material and a cracking material can be injected into separate injection ports of a nozzle reactor to produce a hydrocarbon product. The hydrocarbon product can be injected directly into a coker so that heavy hydrocarbon compounds can be upgraded into lighter hydrocarbon compounds, or the hydrocarbon product can first be injected into a separation vessel to separate hydrocarbons having higher boiling point temperature from hydrocarbons having lower boiling point temperature. The hydrocarbons having higher boiling point temperature can then be injected into a coker.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization system is useful for creating 1-butene from ethylene in the presence of an ethylene oligomerization catalyst. The ethylene oligomerization system includes an internal baffle single pass reactor, a separation system and an exterior motion driver. The exterior motion driver is operable to induce unsteadiness in the flow of the process fluid contained in the internal baffle single pass reactor by transferring motion into the process fluid. An ethylene oligomerization process is useful for creating a refined 1-butene product from ethylene using the ethylene oligomerization system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a system and a process for producing an oxirane. For the various embodiments, the system and process of the present disclosure includes: a reaction vessel having a reaction mixture of an olefin, a peroxide compound, a solvent mixture with an alcohol and a non-reactive co-solvent, a solid phase, and reaction products of the reaction mixture, where the reaction products include an oxirane; a separation vessel coupled to the reaction vessel, where an effluent of the reaction mixture and reaction products from the reaction vessel separates in the separation vessel into a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; and an extraction vessel coupled to an outlet of the separation vessel, where the liquid aqueous phase taken from the outlet of the separation vessel mixes with an extraction solvent to extract oxirane from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous manufacturing apparatus for a carbon nanotube having gas separation units and a continuous manufacturing method for a carbon nanotube using the same, and more specifically, to a continuous manufacturing apparatus for a carbon nanotube having gas separation units and a continuous manufacturing method for a carbon nanotube using the same, in which the apparatus includes i) a reactor for synthesizing the carbon nanotube; ii) a separator for separating a mixed gas and the carbon nanotube transferred from the reactor; iii) a gas separation unit including more than one polymer membrane for removing in part or in whole of more than one component gas from the mixed gas separated; and iv) a recirculation pipe for recirculating the mixed gas without in part or in whole of the component gas to the reactor of carbon nanotube.

Abstract: Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Mn (manganese), Li (lithium), and Fe (iron) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

Abstract: Systems and methods for inhibiting foam formation in an acid gas removal system are provided. Preconditioning a rich amine or triethylene glycol stream exiting an absorber of an acid gas removal system through a rotary separation turbine can provide pre-separation of gas from rich amine or triethylene glycol, as well as effectively reduces or inhibits foam formation. Systems provided enhance plant reliability and also recovers hydraulic power into electricity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a motor powered by an expandable, combustible gas. The motor includes a cartridge for the generation of hydrogen. The cartridge is configured to generate high pressure and high temperature hydrogen. The motor is configured such that hydrogen generated by the cartridge is directed into a series of expandable chambers defined by at least one flywheel. The flywheel is connected to a shaft such that power generated by the hydrogen can be transmitted out of the motor. The motor is configured such that power can be generated by expansion of the hydrogen and subsequent combustion of the hydrogen.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor is disclosed. The fluidized bed reactor includes a head; a first body part connected with the head, located under the head, the first body part having a first reaction pipe provided therein; a second body part connected with the first body part, located under the first body part, the second body part having a second reaction pipe provided therein; and a bottom part connected with the second body part, located under the second body part, the bottom part having a flowing-gas supply nozzle, a reaction gas supply nozzle, a heater and an electrode assembled thereto.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include processing steps and subsystems, within automated-biopolymer-synthesis systems and within other automated systems for organic-chemistry-based processing, for removing reagent solutions and solvents from reaction chambers following various synthetic reaction steps and washing steps undertaken during biopolymer synthesis. Embodiments of the present invention employ any of various different types of liquid-absorbing materials to wick, or remove by capillary action, liquids from reaction chambers. Wicking-based methods and subcomponents of the present invention remove significantly greater fractions of solutions from reaction chambers than conventional methods and subsystems and, in addition, are mechanically simpler and produce fewer deleterious side effects than currently used methods and subsystems.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor is disclosed. The fluidized bed reactor includes a reaction pipe comprising silicon particles provided therein; a flowing-gas supply unit configured to supply flowing gas comprising silicon elements to the silicon particles provided in the reaction pipe; and a heater unit configured to supply heat to an internal space of the reaction pipe, with a heater channel in which inert gas flows serially.

Abstract: Dehydrogenative coupling can be achieved in nearly quantitative conversions and yields using a membrane reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalytic cracking method and an apparatus for implementing the method.

Abstract: Process for the fluidized-bed catalytic cracking of a weakly coking feedstock having a Conradson carbon residue equal to or less than 0.1% by weight and a hydrogen content equal to or greater than 12.7% by weight, comprising at least a step of cracking the feedstock, a step of separating/stripping the effluents from the coked catalyst particles and a step of regenerating said particles, the process being characterized in that at least one coking, carbonaceous and/or hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a content of aromatic compounds of greater than 50% by weight, comprising more than 20% by weight of polyaromatic compounds, is recycled to homogeneously distributed and weakly coked catalyst, before regeneration, in order to adjust the delta coke of the process.

Abstract: A method of preparing a spray dried catalyst by combining spray dried catalyst particles with wax so the spray dried catalyst particles are coated with wax, yielding wax coated catalyst particles, and shaping the wax coated catalyst to provide shaped wax coated catalyst. A method of activating Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles containing oxides by contacting the catalyst particles with a reducing gas in an activation vessel to produce an activated catalyst, wherein contacting is performed in the absence of a liquid medium under activation conditions. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing an activation reactor configured to introduce an activation gas to a fixed or fluidized bed of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in the absence of a liquid medium and at least one separation device configured to separate a gas stream comprising entrained catalyst fines having an average particle size below a desired cutoff size from the activation reactor.

Abstract: A gasoline blending components production system useful for producing both aromatics and gasoline blending components from naphtha. The production system includes a light hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a medium hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a naphtha hydrotreater, an isomerization unit, a continuous catalytic reformer and aromatics complex. The production system is operable to produce both refined benzene and para-xylene products in addition to medium hydrocracked naphtha, isomerate, a C7s cut and a C9+ cut, which are useful for gasoline blending without additional treatment. A method for producing gasoline blending components while maximizing aromatic production includes introducing both stabilized hydrocracked naphtha to the light hydrocracked naphtha splitter and straight run naphtha to the naphtha hydrotreater. Operating the production system produces three types of hydrocracked naphtha: a light hydrocracked naphtha, a medium hydrocracked naphtha and a heavy hydrocracked naphtha.

Abstract: A sorption apparatus for gas purification consists of a vertical flow column with gas tight walls, inlet and outlet filters, and a disintegrator producing reactive powder in the medium of the gas to be purified at ambient temperature, i.e. without forced heating or cooling. A process of sorption purification of gas flow using the sorption apparatus, where the reactive powder is produced as needed by mechanical milling of a monolithic ingot structure in the medium of the gas to be purified and a reactive sorption material. The composition of the sorption material corresponds to an eutectic on the basis of a reactive metal Me or an intermetallic compound MenM with a relatively low melting point, where M is the second metal and n 2:1, wherein the sorption material is obtained according to the above process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting natural gas from a source, such as a wellhead, pipeline, or a storage facility, into hydrocarbon liquid stable at room temperature, comprising a skid or trailer mounted portable gas to liquids reactor. The reactor includes a preprocessor which desulfurizes and dehydrates the natural gas, a first stage reactor which transforms the preprocessed natural gas into synthesis gas, and a liquid production unit using a Fischer-Tropsch or similar polymerization process. The hydrocarbon liquid may be stored in a portable tank for later transportation or further processed on site.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising C4, C5, C6, and/or C7 hydrocarbons, water, and contaminants with a Linde Type A molecular sieve at dehydration conditions effective to remove water and form a dehydrated feed stream. The contaminants comprise oxygenates, sulfur compounds, or combinations thereof. The dehydrated feed stream is contacted with a sodium faujasite molecular sieve having a silica/alumina molar ratio of from about 2 to about 2.5 at absorption conditions effective to remove the contaminants and form a dehydrated contaminant-depleted feed stream.

Abstract: A water treatment composition capable of effectively adsorbing pollutants from water is described. The composition includes magnetic extractants, which comprise magnetite nanoparticles containing functional groups. The composition is used to remove from water and aqueous streams oils and other contaminants. A process for removing contaminants from water and apparatus used in the process are also described.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons comprising reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure in contact with a suitable catalyst in a reactive distillation column is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst structure 1 used for hydrogenation reaction or dehydrogenation reaction is characterized by the inclusion of a first coiled catalytic wire body 4 formed by coiling a catalytic wire in which a catalytic material is supported on the surface of a metallic core material, and a second catalytic member 5 disposed on the inner surface side and/or outer surface side of the coiled catalytic wire body 4.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon compound synthesis reaction unit which synthesizes a hydrocarbon compound by a chemical reaction of a synthesis gas including a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide as the main components, and a slurry having a solid catalyst suspended in liquid hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon compound synthesis reaction unit is provided with: a reactor which contains the slurry inside, into which the synthesis gas is introduced, and from which the gas after the reaction is discharged from the top thereof; an internal separation device provided inside the reactor to separate the catalyst and the synthesized liquid hydrocarbons in the slurry; and an external separation device provided outside the reactor to separate the catalyst and the liquid hydrocarbons in the slurry which is extracted from the reactor.

Abstract: A gas separation process for treating off-gas streams from reaction processes, and reaction processes including such gas separation. The invention involves flowing the off-gas across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, and passing the permeate/sweep gas mixture to the reaction. The process recovers unreacted feedstock that would otherwise be lost in the waste gases in an energy-efficient manner.

Abstract: An oxygen manufacturing device includes a compressor having a power input shaft from which the vehicle's power is introduced and an inlet end for introducing filtered air and an outlet end for outputting compressed air. A case is connected to the compressor, and the compressed air is introduced into the case. The case has a dust-removal and sterilization unit, a drain unit, a cold catalyst sterilization unit and a molecular sieve unit which divides oxygen and nitrogen. The molecular sieve unit has an oxygen outlet end for outputting oxygen. By using the power from the engine of the vehicle, the device manufactures oxygen.

Abstract: Methods for converting petroleum based oil into fuel generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, and adding the conversion mixture to petroleum based oil, such as used motor oil, to form a reaction mixture. The methods can also include adding a high nitrate compound and an amino acid to the reaction mixture and ozonizing the reaction mixture. The result of the methods can include a three phase system in which the bottom phase is asphalt oil, the middle phase is diesel fuel or jet fuel, and the top phase is sulfuric acid. The three phases can be separated to obtain the final diesel fuel or jet fuel product.

Abstract: A thermochemical system having a reactor or a chamber for storing a reactive material capable of absorbing a gas that is taken into the reactor by a diffuser placed along the longitudinal axis of the latter. The reactive material and the gas are such that, when placed in the presence of each other, same are subjected to a reaction causing the reactive material to absorb the gas, and conversely, same are subjected to a reaction for desorbing the gas, absorbed by the reactive material, by heating applied to the latter when it has absorbed gas. The diffuser includes a gas supply mechanism, a mechanism for dispensing the gas into the reactive material, a filtration mechanism, and a heating mechanism. The various mechanisms form a sub-assembly that is attached onto the housing of the reactor by a sealing element.

Abstract: A method of forming mixed xylenes from a heavy reformate using a dealkylation-transalkylation system includes the step of introducing both a heavy reformate containing methyl ethyl benzenes and tri-methyl benzenes and that is sufficiently free of toluene and a hydrogen-containing material into the dealkylation stage such that the heavy reformate and the hydrogen-containing material intermingle and contact the hydrodealkylation catalyst. The dealkylation-transalkylation system includes dealkylation, non-aromatic product gas separations and transalkylation stages. Toluene forms from the reaction of methyl ethyl benzenes and hydrogen in the presence of the hydrodealkylation catalyst. The method also includes the step of introducing a dealkylated heavy reformate into the transalkylation stage such that the dealkylated heavy reformate contacts a transalkylation catalyst, forming a transalkylation stage product mixture includes mixed xylenes.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for purifying brine are provided including (1) providing an aqueous brine solution comprising one or more inorganic salts and one or more organic compounds and (2) conducting at least one unit operation for removing organic compounds from the brine solution to obtain a purified brine solution.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia suitable for use as a reductant in a combustion exhaust gas treatment system is provided that includes the electrolytic hydrolysis of urea under mild conditions. The ammonia generator, which includes an electrolysis apparatus including an electrolytic flow cell, an alkaline electrolyte composition, and a recirculation system, may be operatively coupled to an exhaust gas treatment system to provide an apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and/or particulate in exhaust gases.

Abstract: Methods and system for obtaining long chain carbons that generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, adding the conversion mixture to oil (such as petroleum based oil, crude oil, used oil, used motor oil, and new motor oil) to form a reaction mixture, adding a high nitrate compound the reaction mixture, and separating out the long chain carbons for use as an input by other processing such as pharmaceutical and/or additional petro-chemical processing. Additional cooling and/or filtering processes may be utilized to complete and/or optimize oil conversion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, an apparatus and chemical products for treating petroleum equipment wherein a fluid is flowing, preferably of the hydrocarbon type, and wherein treating is performed by establishing a closed or semi-closed flow circulation loop, during the normal production operations of the equipment. The treatment can refer to the cleaning of equipment, to yield improvement as compared to normal run conditions and/or to a reduction of coke formation and/or to coke removal on catalysts.

Abstract: Liquid phase isomerization technology is employed in a manner to increase efficiency and reduce energy in paraxylene recovery.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a substitute natural gas. The method includes: generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen using coal and a metal fuel; and generating methane from the generated carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Since the method supplies a metal fuel along with coal, generates hydrogen from the metal fuel, and supplies the hydrogen, the amount of coal needed to generate methane through methanation may be reduced and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated when the coal is combusted may be reduced.

Abstract: Induction for thermochemical processes, and associated systems and methods. A method in accordance with a particular embodiment includes placing first and second substrates in a reactor, with each substrate having a surface facing toward the other. Method can further include directing a precursor gas into the reactor and activating an induction coil proximate to the facing surfaces of the substrates to dissociate the precursor gas. A constituent of the precursor gas is deposited on both the first and second surfaces, and heat radiated from each surface and/or a constituent deposited on the surface is received at the other surface and/or the constituent deposited on the other surface.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for separation of carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas of a fossil-fired power are provided. In an absorption process, the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide is brought into contact with an absorption medium so that the absorption medium is laden with carbon dioxide. In a desorption process, vapor from a water/steam circuit of the fossil-fired power plant is heated, wherein a laden absorption medium is regenerated. In a subsequent expansion process, the regenerated absorption medium is expanded so that a vapor and an expanded absorption medium are formed, wherein the vapor is recirculated into the desorption process. The laden absorption medium is divided into a first part stream and a second part stream. Only the second part stream is brought into heat-exchanging contact with the expanded absorption medium. The first and second part streams are supplied to the desorption process at different process stages.

Abstract: Fuel processing by a reformer (42) and a shift reactor (44) converts hydrocarbon feedstock (12) and steam (36) to hydrogen-rich reformate (11), such as for use in a fuel cell power plant (47). Some of the reformate is recycled through a restriction (18) to the inlet (15) of a feedstock pump (14), thereby increasing its pressure sufficiently to cause recycle flow through a hydrodesulfurizer (21) and the secondary inlet (26) of an ejector (28) driven by the steam (36). Recycle pressure (48) is maintained by steam pressure through a valve (34) regulated by a controller (17).

Abstract: In order to perform organic synthesis process through action with supercritical water and acid stably while suppressing a trouble caused by a by-product, a method and an apparatus are provided, including the following steps. Water is supplied to high-pressure pumps (110) and (210) from water headers (101) and (201), and a pressure-reducing valve (324) is regulated to increase the pressure to 35 MPa. Temperatures of preheaters (120) and (220) and a heater (310) are increased until the reaction solution is at a temperature of 400° C. Acid (sulfuric acid) and an organic compound raw material (glycerin) are supplied from an acid header (203) and a raw-material header (203?) for action with the supercritical water to obtain a reaction solution. The obtained reaction solution is cooled to 100 to 200° C.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Improved design of a catalytic method and reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions, whereby methanol, as it is formed, is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalyst. This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point or temperature of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place for the most at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and if at all within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gas-phase reduction/oxidation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor including at least one reactor tube or containment vessel with active redox material within the reactor tube or containment vessel, a first reactant gas or vacuum for reducing the active redox material, and a second reactant gas for oxidizing the active redox material. The method may be run under substantially isothermal conditions and/or energy supplied to the apparatus may include solar energy, which may be concentrated.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus (7?) for separating 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene by fractional distillation of a mixture (31) that contains C9 or C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons, and possibly hydrocarbons with less nine nine carbon atoms. In an aspect of the invention, a first distillation step and a second distillation step are carried out in respective distillation chambers (75, 75?) defined by a cylindrical vertical container 501 and by an inner partition wall (85) of the container.

Abstract: An integrated process comprising to convert crude oil, comprising: converting crude oil (10) in a feed preparation facility (800) by separating the crude oil to a gas fraction (101), liquid fraction (102), and first residuum fraction in an atmospheric distillation unit (100); separating the 1st residuum to a vacuum gas oil fraction (202) and a second residuum (201) in a vacuum distillation unit (200); converting the vacuum gas oil fraction to a CU gas fraction (301,401), a CU liquid fraction (302), and an CU higher boiling fraction (303,402) in a cracking unit (300,400); and processing the second residuum fraction to DCU gas oil/lighter fraction (501) in a coking unit (500); and steam cracking at least one of the gas fraction (101), liquid fraction (102), CU gas fraction (301,401), and DCU gas oil/lighter fraction (501) to the hydrocarbon products (920).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multiple oxide includes: a solution preparing step of adding to iron and steel pickling waste liquid, a lithium compound soluble in acidic aqueous solution and an oxoanion raw-material compound to prepare a mixed solution; a roasting step of introducing the mixed solution into a roasting furnace to roast the mixed solution; and a collecting step of collecting the multiple oxide obtained in the roasting step.