Apparatus Operates At Positive Pressure Patents (Class 422/208)
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Patent number: 5324486Abstract: Apparatus and process for compressing and quenching a cracked gas stream from a hydrocarbon cracking furnace including the step of feeding furnace output directly into an ejector in the effluent line, the ejector acting to quench and compress the effluent by injection of pressurized motive fluid into the ejector thereby rapidly mixing the motive fluid with the effluent for quick quenching and compression to prevent coke build-up and allow efficient heat exchanger and low pressure furnace operation.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1992Date of Patent: June 28, 1994Inventor: Gaetano Russo
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Patent number: 5264188Abstract: Apparatus is provided whereby the heat released from exothermic hydrodemetallization reactions is recovered in order to provide either a lower operating cost of a two-stage hydrotreating process or protection of process equipment against excessive operating temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1992Date of Patent: November 23, 1993Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Lawrence E. Lew
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Patent number: 5244640Abstract: An gas generator is disclosed that generates gas from a pressure-producing reaction of reactant pieces and reactant fluid. The generator includes a pressure/reaction regulator for use with a reaction chamber. The regulator includes a reactant-fluid accumulator in communication with the reaction chamber via a reactant-fluid port for adjusting pressure in the chamber relative to a preselected threshold pressure. The regulator also includes at least one body extending substantially into the reaction chamber from the reactant-fluid port. The body is formed with holes for letting fluid under pressure into and out of the chamber. Also disclosed is such a regulator that is usable with a reaction chamber having plural reactant-fluid ports and includes plural bodies, one for each port.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1991Date of Patent: September 14, 1993Inventor: J. Harvey Crawford
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Patent number: 5244638Abstract: A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1991Date of Patent: September 14, 1993Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventor: Donald E. Morris
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Patent number: 5209907Abstract: An improved system for performing an alkylation process and a method for handling liquid catalyst in an alkylation process. This improvement involves a method and apparatus by which liquid alkylation catalyst contained in alkylation process equipment can be safely stored and isolated from the external environment. Additionally, the apparatus improvement will allow for an improved method for controlling the circulation of liquid alkylation catalyst by providing means for quickly stopping the circulation of alkylation catalyst. The apparatus improvement includes a baffle contained within a vessel which is attached to the bottom of the vessel and extends upwardly into the vessel. The baffle is designed to allow for the liquid flow between the inside of the vessel and the inside of the baffle and it allows for the venting into a vapor space from the top of the baffle. Within the baffle is standpipe which provides for fluid flow from within the baffle to a region outside the vessel.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1992Date of Patent: May 11, 1993Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Keith W. Hovis
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Patent number: 5182085Abstract: An FCC process and apparatus is arranged to provide a low volume dilute disengagement zone in a reactor vessel. A vented riser that provides an open discharge of catalyst and gaseous products is directly discharged into a reactor vessel. The interior of the reactor vessel is arranged such that the outlet of the reactor riser is located close to and directed at the top of the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel operates with a dense bed of catalyst having an upper bed level that is only a short distance below the outlet of the reactor riser. The cyclone separators are located to the outside of the reactor riser and circulate catalyst back to the dense bed of the reactor section.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1991Date of Patent: January 26, 1993Assignee: UOPInventors: David A. Lomas, Edward C. Haun, Paul A. Sechrist
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Patent number: 5180556Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a laboratory determination of the rate and type of hydrocarbon generated from a hydrocarbon source utilizes hydrous pyrolysis to generate hydrocarbons from the sample and then utilizes cryogenic methods to remove the fluid portions to a transfer vessel. The gaseous components are removed to a further vessel of known dimensions for determination of weight. The hydrocarbons in the transfer vessel are passed through a dryer to separate the water and their makeup determined. The hydrocarbons remaining in the reactor vessel are removed by working with solvents and their weights are determined after separation and evaporation of the solvents.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1991Date of Patent: January 19, 1993Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: David G. Nolte, Helen K. Haskin, Edwin L. Colling, Jr.
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Patent number: 5143703Abstract: An improved system for performing an alkylation process and a method for handling liquid catalyst in an alkylation process. This improvement involves a method and apparatus by which liquid alkylation catalyst contained in alkylation process equipment can be safely stored and isolated from the external environment. Additionally, the apparatus improvement will allow for an improved method for controlling the circulation of liquid alkylation catalyst by providing means for quickly stopping the circulation of alkylation catalyst. The apparatus improvement comprises a baffle contained within a vessel which is attached to the bottom of the vessel and extends upwardly into the vessel. The baffle is designed to allow for the liquid flow between the inside of the vessel and the inside of the baffle and it allows for the venting into a vapor space from the top of the baffle. Within the baffle is standpipe which provides for fluid flow from within the baffle to a region outside the vessel.Type: GrantFiled: December 24, 1990Date of Patent: September 1, 1992Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Keith W. Hovis
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Patent number: 5133940Abstract: Amplification of nucleic acids is performed by incubating in a polymerization vessel a reaction mixture which contains in a suitable buffer solution, one or several single-stranded target nucleic acids, suitable primers, deoxyribouncleoside triphosphates and a polymerase. After a sufficient time for polymerication to occur, the reaction mixture is transferred into another vessel for the denaturation of the nucleic acids into single stranded nucleic acids. After denaturation, the reaction mixture is transferred back into the original vessel. The amplification process is regulated to maintain a temperature advantageous for the action of the polymerization enzyme in the polymerization vessel and a temperature advantageous for denaaturation in the denaturation vessel.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1988Date of Patent: July 28, 1992Assignee: Orion Corporation Ltd.Inventors: Nisse E. J. Kalkkinen, Hans E. Soderlund
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Patent number: 5094959Abstract: The analyte sensing system utilizes a sensor indicator which may be a perlyene derivative, coronene, or naphtho [8,1,2-abc] coronene in an analyte permeable silicone matrix. The matrix is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength, and fluorescence emissions of the dye indicator is measured over two different emission spectra having different sensitivities to the analyte. The emission spectrum which is less sensitive to quenching by the analyte can be used as a reference for determining the analyte concentration based upon a ratio of the intensities of the different emission spectra.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1989Date of Patent: March 10, 1992Assignee: FOxS LabsInventors: George Allen, Henry K. Hui, Amos Gottlieb
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Patent number: 5026527Abstract: A reaction product is formed by a process which involves the transfer of the reaction product from the autoclave to a receiving vessel at a substantially constant flow rate. Just prior to this transfer, the pressure in the receiving vessel is brought up to the pressure in the autoclave by passing gas from the autoclave to the receiving vessel. The flow of gas from the autoclave to the receiving vessel is then stopped, and the pressure in the receiving vessel is allowed to drop due to transfer of heat from the gas to the walls of the receiving vessel. The resulting pressure difference between the autoclave and the receiving vessel is used to initiate the transfer of the reaction products from the autoclave to the receiving vessel. A pressure release valve on the receiving vessel is then controlled by means a signal derived from a flow meter which measures the flow rate of the reaction products flowing from the autoclave to the receiving vessel to maintain constant this flow rate.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1988Date of Patent: June 25, 1991Inventor: Pieter Krijgsman
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Patent number: 5021223Abstract: An improved system for performing an alkylation process and a method for handling liquid catalyst in an alkylation process. This improvement involves method and apparatus by which liquid alkylation catalyst contained in the alkylation process equipment can be transferred into a catalyst storage vessel without the need for venting excess pressure from the storage vessel to atmosphere. Through a combination of the physical arrangement of the process equipment and the storage vessel along with the addition of a pressure equalization line, apparatus is provided whereby certain process steps can be followed which allow the transfer of catalyst from the process equipment to the storage vessel without venting the storage vessel. The improvement comprises physically locating the catalyst storage vessel at a relative elevation below the alkylation process equipment and providing a line to connect the vapor space of the storage vessel with that of a catalyst settling vessel in the process equipment.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1990Date of Patent: June 4, 1991Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Keith W. Hovis
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Patent number: 4988431Abstract: A process for performing catalytic reactions with intensive heat of reaction, in which a reaction mixture is conducted through a catalyst bed, from which the reaction heat is removed or to which it is fed by indirect heat exchange with a heat exchange medium. The catalyst bed adjoins at least one bed of a catalytically inert material, which also is in indirect heat exchange with the heat exchange medium.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1987Date of Patent: January 29, 1991Assignee: Linde AktiengesellschaftInventors: Michael Heisel, Freimut Marold, Reiner Lohmueller
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Patent number: 4929348Abstract: The present invention relates generally to improvements in processes and apparatus for effecting solvent extractions using liquefied gas or gases in the supercritical state as the solvents and specifically to continuous processes for carrying out such extractions at high pressures. Further, the present invention relates to an apparatus which is a long vertical cylinder of relatively small diameter, wherein the solvent gas and the material to be extracted are continuously circulated through the long vertical reactor.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1989Date of Patent: May 29, 1990Assignee: Wayne K. RiceInventor: Wayne K. Rice
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Patent number: 4921684Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for synthesizing ammonia from an ammonia feed gas passing to an ammonia synthesis converter from a heat exchanger. The synthesis converter is close coupled through a channel to a heat exchanger and a conduit extends through the channel and is adapted to be connected to the tube side of the heat exchanger.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1988Date of Patent: May 1, 1990Assignee: C F Braun, Inc.Inventors: Bernard J. Grotz, Fiske O. Parnkopf, G. Robert Prescott
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Patent number: 4869833Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting accelerated chemical reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures including wet oxidation of materials in waste streams. An influent waste stream or first reactant is directed through a long tubular coil within a containment vessel with a second reactant being added to the influent. The flow rates for the gas and liquid components of the waste stream are set to cause plug or slug flow of the waste stream through the tubular coil. The curvature of the coil tends to induce a secondary flow in the liquid such that the liquid tends to travel in a spiral thereby providing more intimate mixing of the reactants; and the containment vessel may be partitioned to form a series of successive compartments to permit different temperature gradients to be applied to successive sections of the tubing coil across its length.Type: GrantFiled: November 27, 1987Date of Patent: September 26, 1989Assignee: VerTech Treatment Systems, Inc.Inventors: Jack E. Binning, Frances M. Ferraro, Franklin B. Carlson
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Patent number: 4847401Abstract: The large scale preparation of ethyl 2,2-difluoro-4- pentenoate and 2-fluorinated methyl aminoacetonitriles by reaction of 2-H-perfluoroethyl allyl ether and n-butyl lithium and fluoromethylacetonitrile and a Grignard reagent, respectively, is largly unsuccessful because of side reactions which convert intermediate products and reactants to undesired products. Applicants have overcome these problems by performing the reactions with cooling in a continuous manner in a flow reactor with short residence time.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1988Date of Patent: July 11, 1989Assignee: Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.Inventors: Fritz Gerhart, Michael Kolb
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Patent number: 4721575Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting accelerated chemical reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures including wet oxidation of materials in waste streams. An influent waste stream or first reactant is directed through a long tubular coil within a containment vessel with a second reactant being added to the influent. The waste stream includes gas and liquid components. The flow rates for the reactants of the waste stream are set to cause plug or slug flow of the waste stream through the tubular coil. The curvature of the coil tends to induce a secondary flow in the liquid component such that the liquid component tends to travel in a spiral thereby providing more intimate mixing of the reactants. The containment vessel may be partitioned to form a series of successive compartments to permit different temperature gradients to be applied to successive sections of the tubing coil across its length.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1986Date of Patent: January 26, 1988Assignee: VerTech Treatment Systems, Inc.Inventors: Jack E. Binning, Francis M. Ferraro, Franklin B. Carlson
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Process for the staged heating of a material in a treatment apparatus and subsequent cooling thereof
Patent number: 4685507Abstract: In a process for heating material in a treatment apparatus, using heating vapor, followed by cooling of the material, the condensate from the heating stage is stored in a storage container and the heat content thereof is utilized for the recovery of heat for further use in the process, by the condensate, in a subsequent heating cycle, being returned directly to the treatment apparatus, for preheating of fresh material to be subsequently heated therein. After being cooled, the condensate is discharged from the treatment apparatus and removed from the process.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1983Date of Patent: August 11, 1987Inventor: Otmar U. Schafer -
Patent number: 4670404Abstract: Micro-scale chemical process simulation apparatus is disclosed which is useful for design of full-scale processes and associated equipment as well as emergency relief systems. A thin-walled vessel for receiving a quantity of the material to be evaluated is supportd within and thermally insulated from the walls of a surrounding containment unit. A guard heater is provided around the vessel and temperature thermocouples and pressure transducers are strategically located to monitor the temperature conditions existing in the material in the vessel as well as the pressure within the vessel and the containment unit respectively. Fluid may be selectively introduced into or exhausted from the containment unit to maintain a required pressure balance between the interior of the vessel and that of the containment unit.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 1985Date of Patent: June 2, 1987Assignee: Fike CorporationInventors: Ian Swift, Hans K. Fauske
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Patent number: 4670225Abstract: Apparatus for continuously making products in dry-phase in an exothermic reaction includes a chamber having a mixer disposed at the bottom thereof with a reaction chamber above the mixer. First and second inlets are provided for introducing reactant materials into the reaction chamber at a position above the mixer. The mixer projects the solid particles into the reaction chamber in order to interact and produce the final product while an expansion chamber is provided above the reaction chamber for evacuating the resulting gas.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 1984Date of Patent: June 2, 1987Assignee: Societe Anonyme Styled: S.A.E.TIMACInventors: Christian Fayard, Hubert de Villele, Paul Gillet
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Patent number: 4670222Abstract: A high pressure reaction vessel has a container portion and a removable head portion which houses a flow channel or channels, valve members and valve operators and which seals and covers the container portion. Each channel terminates at a tapered valve seat angled at at least 36.degree. with respect to the horizontal and each of the valve members is provided with a mating tapered surface which is wedged more tightly within the valve seat as pressure within the vessel increases. A port and a chute are provided for introducing a particulate solid feed through at least one of the channels into the interior of the vessel. In one embodiment a dip tube depends from a second valve seat (in communication with a second channel) and extends to a point adjacent the bottom of the container portion.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1985Date of Patent: June 2, 1987Inventor: Lothar Jung
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Patent number: 4618732Abstract: A process of directly converting natural gas to methanol employs controlled oxidation. The reaction takes place in an inert reactor, i.e. one having internal surfaces which do not affect the reaction, in the absence of a catalyst. The natural gas is intimately mixed with air or oxygen prior to introduction of the mixed gases into the reactor. Reaction takes place at an elevated temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C. and at an elevated pressure of 10 to 100 atmospheres. The percentage of oxygen in the mixture of reactant gases is kept below 20% by volume and is preferably 2 to 10% by volume. Apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1985Date of Patent: October 21, 1986Inventors: Hyman D. Gesser, Norman R. Hunter, Lawrence Morton
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Patent number: 4555325Abstract: The invention provides pressure protection for the interior casing of hydrogenation reactors by the use of a manifold interconnecting the annular chambers of the aforesaid reactors with the processed-gas vapor path whereby process-conditioned pressure changes generated during the reaction process are simultaneously balanced. As a result, the interior casings of the reactors which define the reaction vessel can be made of relatively thin material as compared to conventional reaction vessels.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1984Date of Patent: November 26, 1985Assignee: Ruhrkohle AktiengesellschaftInventors: Eckard Wolowski, Frank Mirtsch
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Patent number: 4547242Abstract: A small autoclave for bonding composite lenses comprising a cylindrical pressure vessel adapted to contain therein a lens tray for holding optical lenses aligned horizontally in a vertical array.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1983Date of Patent: October 15, 1985Assignee: Coburn Optical Industries, Inc.Inventors: Joseph Tusinski, Phillip D. Hill, John M. Griffith
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Patent number: 4383977Abstract: A apparatus for the catalytic alkylation of an isoparaffin with one or more olefins. Reactant hydrocarbons are passed in contact with a liquid catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid in a reaction zone. The hydrocarbon phase is allowed to separate from the catalyst phase in a settling zone, and a portion of the hydrocarbon phase is cooled and reintroduced to the reaction zone in a separate stream from that of the feed hydrocarbons. The alkylation apparatus by which the process is carried out includes a vertical reaction vessel, which in a preferred embodiment is 2 to 6 feet in height, a settling vessel, means for fluid flow from the reaction vessel to the settling vessel, a conduit for fluid flow between the upper part of the settling vessel and the reaction zone, and means for cooling fluid in this conduit.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1981Date of Patent: May 17, 1983Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Thomas Hutson, Jr., Donald J. Makovec, Alden E. Beckworth
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Patent number: 4368174Abstract: A down-flow apparatus for continuous crystallization of zeolites comprises a vertically-positioned reactor having at least one reactor inlet port at the top thereof and at least one product egress port at the bottom thereof. The reactor is equipped with an inside stirrer extending throughout the length of the reactor and with heating means surrounding the reactor. Product and spent liquids are collected into one or more product collectors at the bottom of the reactor wherein spent liquids are decanted from the crystalline product settling to the bottom. The entire assembly is pressurized with an inert gas, e.g., air, nitrogen, helium (He), to prevent water boiling at the reaction temperature.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1980Date of Patent: January 11, 1983Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Ernest W. Valyocsik
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Patent number: 4361541Abstract: A method for continuously extracting uranium from ores comprises the steps of forming a slurry of ore in a leaching solution; heating the slurry while pumping it through a tube reactor at high turbulences characterized by Reynolds numbers in excess of 50,000; supplying gaseous oxygen at high pressures of at least 30 bar into the tube reactor such that the uranium is substantially completely oxidized in a soluble form but impurities in the slurry are substantially kept from becoming soluble; recovering the uranium oxide solute which is substantially free of impurities.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1979Date of Patent: November 30, 1982Assignees: Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Metallgesellschaft AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hubert Bings, Fritz Kampf, Roland Thome, Gerhard Wargalla, Gunter Winkhaus, Hartmut Pietsch, Wolfgang Turke, Peter Fischer
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Patent number: 4327058Abstract: A system for the manufacture of synthetic hydrocarbon products from coal or similar carbonaceous solids is described. This coal liquefaction system includes means for reducing the pressure of high pressure and temperature liquid reaction product streams without attendant corrosion of the metal parts in the pressure reducing unit. The pressure reducing means comprises at least one elongated tube defining relatively narrow fluid flow passage, the reduction in pressure being effected substantially entirely by friction of the fluid within the tube.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1980Date of Patent: April 27, 1982Assignee: Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc.Inventor: John A. Tillinghast
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Patent number: 4323252Abstract: A methanation reactor to be used preferably in an integrated urea-ammonia process for methanizing carbon oxides is disclosed in which the catalyst bed and an underlying heat exchanger of the tube-bundle type make up a unit mounted centrally of the reactor casing with a gap left between the reactor casing inside wall and centrally mounted unit. Fresh gases to be methanized enter the gap, then into the heat exchanger from below and flow upwards to the catalyst bed and thereafter flow down to the exchanger again. Incoming gases sweep the exchanger tubes from the outside, while the reacted gases flow in the interior of the tubes of the exchanging boundle. Particular blanket and a gland-seal system is provided to minimize the escape of gaseous fluids from the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 1980Date of Patent: April 6, 1982Assignee: Snamprogetti S.p.A.Inventors: Vincenzo Lagana', Francesco Saviano, Stanislad Ferrantino
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Patent number: 4310490Abstract: A method and apparatus for enriching the iron carbonyl content of a recycle gas stream produced in an iron carbonyl decomposition or reaction process to enable reuse of the recycle gas stream in the iron carbonyl decomposition or reaction process by cooling the recycle gas stream, adding carbon monoxide to the recycle gas stream, compressing the recycle gas stream to a pressure of about 20 to about 38 atmospheres under conditions suitable to prevent substantial decomposition of residual iron carbonyl, and contacting the compressed gas stream at a temperature of about 65.degree. to about 160.degree. C. with a reduced iron containing material in the presence of hydrogen sulfide under conditions suitable to produce substantially condensed iron carbonyl.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1980Date of Patent: January 12, 1982Assignee: Pentanyl Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Richard P. Ruskan, Humayon Z. Zafar, Duane N. Goens, David E. Hyatt, Charlie W. Kenney
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Patent number: 4297323Abstract: The invention provides a quick-action locking means for pressure vessels, consisting of a holder to which the top of the pressure vessel containing connections and/or measuring equipment is rigidly mounted, a presser, and a sliding spacer device positioned between the detachable lower part of the pressure vessel and the presser. The lower part of the pressure vessel positioned on the spacer device is pressed against the top by the presser. The locking means of the invention allows rapid opening and closing of the pressure vessel without using tools and without dismounting tubular ducts and fittings.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1980Date of Patent: October 27, 1981Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl-Heinz Tetzlaff, Wilhelm Riemenschneider, Gunter Leuschner
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Patent number: 4289731Abstract: An apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbon starting products comprises a horizontally split casing for molten heat carrier. At least one injector having a nozzle for feeding hydrocarbon starting products to the casing and at least one pipe for removal of pyrolysis products are mounted in the upper part of the casing. The apparatus also has means for supplying heat to the heat carrier. According to the invention, the injector is mounted in such a manner that the outlet section of its nozzle is spaced apart from the surface of the heat carrier at a distance which is sufficient for the formation of a hydrodynamic crater in this surface under the action of a jet of hydrocarbon starting products flowing from the nozzle. Means for supplying heat to the heat carrier is arranged within the casing in such a manner that heat is supplied directly within the heat carrier.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1977Date of Patent: September 15, 1981Inventors: Elena D. Khmelevskaya, Grigory I. Dvoskin, Vladislav A. Kablikov, Zinovy F. Chukhanov, Vadim M. Volny, Tamara N. Mukhina, Genrikh L. Stolyar, Olga E. Volnaya, Nikolai F. Kuptsov
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Patent number: 4288405Abstract: In a plant for hydrogenating coal to form hydrocarbons, wherein coal in powder or piece form is fed from a hopper into a preparation chamber, is compressed, conveyed and heated by a rotor comprising a rotating friction element and passed, through a feed aperture, into a hydrogenation chamber wherein hydrogen is injected into it by nozzles, monitoring and controlling means are provided whereby upon the pressure in the hydrogenation chamber rising above that in the end of the preparation chamber adjacent the hydrogenation chamber, as measured by sensors and gauges, the feed aperture is closed and the rotor is stopped. Preferably the feed aperture is closed by providing a conical portion on the rotor and a conical seat on the cylinder forming the chamber, the rotor normally being held in a position to keep the feed aperture open by an hydraulic cylinder but upon the pressure sensors sensing over pressure in the chamber, the cylinder is vented by control means to close the feed aperture.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1980Date of Patent: September 8, 1981Assignee: Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbHInventor: Klaus Koch
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Patent number: 4287157Abstract: A method and apparatus for sealing the drive end of a chamber for the preparation and hydrogenation of coal with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons in which the chamber comprises a hollow cylinder with a rotatable element therein having a conveying web thereon and in a sealing region a pressurized sealing substance such as coal particles mixed with oil is fed from a storage container through a feed passage into an annular recess at a pressure higher than that in the chamber so that the sealing substance passes through a conical annular gap which tapers towards the chamber. A further narrower gap on the drive side of the recess leads to a further annular recess from which the sealing substance can be extracted through a return pipe. Pressure comparison means control the feed pressure in the feed passage. The recesses and the annular gap can be provided by machining the rotatable element rather than the hollow cylinder and forward feed screw forms may be provided on the rotatable element in the sealing region.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1980Date of Patent: September 1, 1981Assignee: Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbHInventor: Klaus Koch
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Patent number: 4286111Abstract: An apparatus for connecting a power supply to an electrode within a high pressure, high temperature vessel is disclosed. The apparatus includes a conductor extending through the vessel such that the net force exerted upon the conductor by the vessel pressure is negligible. An elastomeric material seals the vessel conductor interface and the apparatus cools the sealing material to avoid softening thereof.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1980Date of Patent: August 25, 1981Assignee: CNG Research CompanyInventors: Lester G. Massey, David A. George, Robert I. Brabets, William A. Abel
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Patent number: 4275034Abstract: Hydrogenation reaction apparatus comprising a housing having walls which define a reaction zone and conduits for introducing streams of hydrogen and oxygen into the reaction zone, the oxygen being introduced into a central portion of the hydrogen stream to maintain a boundary layer of hydrogen along the walls of the reaction zone. A portion of the hydrogen and all of the oxygen react to produce a heated gas stream having a temperature within the range of from 1100.degree. to 1900.degree. C., while the boundary layer of hydrogen maintains the wall temperature at a substantially lower temperature. The heated gas stream is introduced into a hydrogenation reaction zone and provides the source of heat and hydrogen for a hydrogenation reaction. There also is provided means for quenching the products of the hydrogenation reaction. The present invention is particularly suitable for the hydrogenation of low-value solid carbonaceous materials to provide high yields of more valuable liquid and gaseous products.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1979Date of Patent: June 23, 1981Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: Joseph Friedman, Carl L. Oberg, Larry H. Russell
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Patent number: 4260585Abstract: Low-soda alumina granules suitable for use as an alumina porcelain insulator and alumina catalyst carrier, and the method and equipment for their manufacture. The method comprises dehydrating aluminum hydroxide at a high temperature and then granulating it. The granules thus obtained are placed in an autoclave, washed and cured with water drops, then taken out of the autoclave dried and fired. The manufacturing equipment is used for curing the granules with water drops.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 1978Date of Patent: April 7, 1981Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Fumiyoshi Noda, Mikio Murachi, Hideaki Ueno
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Patent number: 4259312Abstract: An outer enclosed pressure container is formed of a simple steel material. An inner enclosed container is positioned within the pressure container such that there is an intermediate space therebetween. Catalyst layers are provided within the inner container. A gas containing a reducing component and water vapor are introduced into the inner container and are therein reacted by means of the catalyst to perform a desired reducing reaction. At least part of the water vapor is alone introduced into the intermediate space to thereby pressurize the intermediate space to substantially the same pressure as occurs within the inner container. The water vapor in the intermediate space operates to protect the wall of the pressure container from the temperatures occurring due to the catalytic reaction within the inner container. The water vapor is removed from the intermediate space and is at least partially added to the gas containing a reducing component before the introduction thereof into the inner container.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1979Date of Patent: March 31, 1981Assignees: Didier Engineering GmbH, Thyssengas GmbHInventors: Claus Flockenhaus, Erich Hackler
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Patent number: 4252771Abstract: A methanation reactor, to be used preferably in an integrated urea-ammonia process for methanizing carbon oxides is disclosed, in which the catalyst bed and an underlying heat exchanger of the tube-bundle type make up a unit mounted centrally of the reactor casing with a gap left between the reactor casing inside wall and said centrally mounted unit. Fresh gases to be methanized enter the gap, then the heat exchanger from below and flow upwards to the catalyst bed, whereafter they flow down to the exchanger again. Incoming gases sweep the exchanger tubes from the outside, while the reacted gases flow in the interior of the tubes of the heat exchanging bundle. Insulation blankets and gland seals are provided.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 1978Date of Patent: February 24, 1981Assignee: Asnaprogetti S.p.A.Inventors: Vincenzo Lagana, Francesco Saviano, Stanislao Ferrantino
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Patent number: 4250015Abstract: Hydrogenation of coal is improved through the use of a mechanical force to reduce the size of the particulate coal simultaneously with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen, or other hydrogen donor composition. Such hydrogen in the presence of elemental tin during this one-step size reduction-hydrogenation further improves the yield of the liquid hydrocarbon product.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1978Date of Patent: February 10, 1981Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Ralph T. Yang, Robert Smol, Gerald Farber, Leonard M. Naphtali
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Patent number: 4235841Abstract: The high pressure furnace comprises a cylindrical pressure vessel with front and rear pressure closures. An electrical heating element is supported within the interior of the pressure furnace. The front closure supports a relatively thin-walled inner container opening only to an aperture in the front closure. A small closure plugs the aperture. A reaction frame secures the various closures. Blanket gases are introduced into the furnace chamber and process gases into the process chamber defined by the interior of the inner container. Means are provided for minimizing the pressure difference across the inner container to enable it to maintain its original shape.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 1979Date of Patent: November 25, 1980Assignee: Autoclave Engineers, Inc.Inventor: Franz X. Zimmerman
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Patent number: 4233264Abstract: Apparatus for the production and catalytic oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbon/air mixtures to form dicarboxylic acid anhydride. Hydrocarbon/air mixtures are formed in an evaporator and introduced into a shell-and-tube catalytic reactor fitted with a concave reactor hood to more effectively and safely distribute the gaseous mixture to and through the catalyst-filled tubes of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1978Date of Patent: November 11, 1980Assignee: Davy International AGInventors: John H. Maude, Lothar Sterck, Alfred Vilshofer
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Patent number: 4229419Abstract: A noble gas after heating in a nuclear reactor is passed through a tube-type reactor to carry out endothermic chemical reactions with a gas. The tube-type reactor includes reactor tube assemblies in a bundle formation supported by a mounting plate. A cover tube surrounds the upper portion of each reactor tube assembly. The cover tubes extend from the bottom surface of the mounting plate to a point slightly above the noble gas discharge opening in the pressure jacket of the reactor. The lower end portions of each cover tube include a reinforced member to seal the interspaces between the cover tubes and to seal the space between the cover tubes and the wall of the pressure jacket. Above the mounting plate are sealing containers including end members having edge flanges that are welded together to form a seal between the top side of the mounting plate and the reactor tube assemblies.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1977Date of Patent: October 21, 1980Assignee: Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.m.b.H.Inventor: Egon Haese
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Patent number: 4228134Abstract: An autoclave comprises a long upwardly open channel-shaped vessel, a gas and pressure resistant lid closing the vessel, means for actuating the lid for simultaneously closing and opening the autoclave along its entire length, the structure of the vessel being unitary and supported at a plurality of locations along its length for permitting heat promoted variations in length of the autoclave.Type: GrantFiled: October 13, 1977Date of Patent: October 14, 1980Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventor: Deregibus Alfio
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Patent number: 4224282Abstract: A composite injector is provided for handling the introduction to a thick-walled, high pressure polymerization autoclave of both monomer and catalyst streams. Said injector comprises an inner, separately enclosed, high pressure catalyst conduit of relatively small cross-section terminating in a fine orifice at its downstream end which substantially coincides with the inner wall boundary of said autoclave, and, surrounding the upstream portion of said catalyst conduit at least, a pressure-tight outer housing of much larger inner cross-section having an upstream monomer supply connection and a downstream fitting for sealing engagement with a matched opening through said thick-walled autoclave. By introducing the catalyst and the monomer through their respective separate passageways of this composite injector, the resultant catalyst stream is released into the monomer stream just as said streams are both emerging into the open space beyond the inner wall boundary of said autoclave.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 1976Date of Patent: September 23, 1980Assignee: El Paso Polyolefins CompanyInventors: Robert B. Steinert, William A. Schuessler
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Patent number: 4205044Abstract: A catalytic reactor for catalyzed exothermic reactions is disclosed having at least one catalyst layer, characterized in that each individual layer is arranged between two coaxial cylindrical shells, at least two inlets for the reacting gases to the catalyst being provided in one of said shells and at least two outlets in the other shell. The inlets are provided in the external cylindrical shell, and the outlets are provided in the internal cylindrical shell. The inlets and outlets consist of a plurality of openings made in said cylindrical shells and aligned on circumferences that are intersections of the cylindrical shells with equidistant planes perpendicular to the axis of said cylindrical shells.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1977Date of Patent: May 27, 1980Assignee: Tecnimont S.p.A.Inventor: Giorgio Gramatica
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Patent number: 4202672Abstract: A coal gasification reactor is disclosed which includes a gasification chamber surrounded by a pressure shell, a tubular quench section above the gasification chamber and a superposed waste heat boiler. Heat expansive members are provided in the form of bellow type expansion members between the waste heat boiler and the quench section as well as between the quench section and the gasification chamber to absorb or compensate for relative thermal expansion differences due to the temperature ranges involved in gasification.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1977Date of Patent: May 13, 1980Assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Inventor: Pieter J. Schuurman
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Patent number: 4200145Abstract: In the preheating of a liquid reaction mass of polyolefin dissolved in liquid olefin monomer by passing it through a multiple pass preheater, the improvement of using generally U-shaped heat exchanger tubes in a generally U-shaped shell.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1978Date of Patent: April 29, 1980Assignee: The Badger Company, Inc.Inventor: Max E. Underwood
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Patent number: 4186171Abstract: Reactor pressure vessel with reactant fluid injectors for forming a liquid environment of an oxygen carrier fluid, sulphur and water in the presence of a catalyst to yield sulphuric acid and heat exchangers to capture generated heat.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: January 29, 1980Inventors: Xerxes T. Stoddard, Vasper A. Vaseen, Ruel C. Terry