Abstract: The present invention relates to an adiabatic, zoned reactor for the reforming of NH3 to N2 and H2, the reactor particularly comprising n reaction zones arranged in sequence and extending along the axial length L of the reactor, wherein n is an integer in the range of from 2 to 5, wherein independently from one another, each of the n reaction zones comprises one or more catalytic components, wherein from the inlet reaction zone to the outlet reaction zone each reaction zone displays a lower light-off temperature T50 in the reforming of NH3 to N2 and H2 then the subsequent downstream one. Further, the present invention relates to a production unit comprising said reactor, a process for the reforming of NH3 to N2 and H2, and use of said reactor and said production unit.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a method for producing activated carbonaceous balls. The method includes a step of crushing and sizing raw coconut shells to form coconut shell granules having a diameter of about 0.02 mm-2.36 mm, preferably 0.075 mm-1.18 mm. The method includes a step of mixing pure water to a food grade powder appropriately and boiling it slowly at 15° C.-80° C. to obtain a water-food grade powder mixture. The method includes a step of adding the water-food grade powder mixture 20-40% by weight to the coconut shell granules 100% by weight to obtain a slurry in a pourability condition. The method includes a step of pouring the slurry into a pill making machine equipped with a mold of 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm in diameters selectively to produce the spherical carbon tablets. The method includes a step of drying the spherical carbon tablets and carbonizing the spherical carbon tablets to obtain the activated carbonaceous balls.

Abstract: The present invention discloses systems and methods for supplying hot water for primary extraction in the oil sands bitumen extraction process. Direct contact process and method for producing hot water using mature fine tailings are provided by employing a double staged submerge arrangement with a thickener vessel containing a submerged fuel burner and a hot water vessel containing a submerged fuel burner, a flash submerged arrangement with a flash concentrator vessel containing or adjacent to a fuel burner and a hot water vessel containing a submerged fuel burner or a triple cascade arrangement with a flash concentrator vessel, a thickener vessel containing a submerged fuel burner and a hot water vessel containing a submerged fuel burner.

Abstract: A method to produce syngas from a feed oil comprising the steps of increasing a pressure of a slurry catalyst; increasing a temperature of the pressurized slurry stream; increasing a pressure of the feed oil; increasing a temperature of the pressurized feed stream; mixing the hot slurry stream and the hot oil stream; increasing a temperature of the mixed stream in a combined heater to produce a hot mixed stream; maintaining upgrading reactions of hydrocarbons in the supercritical reactor to produce a supercritical effluent; reducing a pressure of the supercritical effluent; separating the depressurized effluent in a separator to produce a gas stream; separating the gas stream to produce a light hydrocarbon stream; mixing the light hydrocarbon stream and a catalyst feed; introducing the hot feed to a steam reformer; maintaining water gas shift reactions of the light hydrocarbon gases in the steam reformer to produce a reformer effluent.

Abstract: Apparatuses for reducing or eliminating Type 1 LOCAs in a nuclear reactor vessel. A nuclear reactor including a nuclear reactor core comprising a fissile material, a pressure vessel containing the nuclear reactor core immersed in primary coolant disposed in the pressure vessel, and an isolation valve assembly including, an isolation valve vessel having a single open end with a flange, a spool piece having a first flange secured to a wall of the pressure vessel and a second flange secured to the flange of the isolation valve vessel, a fluid flow line passing through the spool piece to conduct fluid flow into or out of the first flange wherein a portion of the fluid flow line is disposed in the isolation valve vessel, and at least one valve disposed in the isolation valve vessel and operatively connected with the fluid flow line.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a housing (3) that contains a set of channels (12); an inlet collector (4) having an inlet collector chamber (9) with an inlet (5), wherein the inlet collector chamber (9) includes first flow distribution means (10) configured to distribute a flow originating from the inlet (5) evenly over the set of channels (12); and an outlet collector (6). The first flow-rate distribution means (10) consist of a single body (15) that comprises two flow-conducting surfaces (16), which are symmetrical with respect to each other according to the first plane of symmetry and the second plane of symmetry, and which two flow-conducting surfaces (16), as seen from the inlet (5), are inclined downward in a first direction perpendicular to the first plane of symmetry and/or in a second direction perpendicular to the second plane of symmetry.

Abstract: A chemical synthesis plant comprising: one or more reactors configured for producing, from one or more reactants, a process stream comprising at least one chemical product; a feed preparation system configured to prepare one or more feed streams comprising one or more of the one or more reactants for introduction into the one or more reactors; and/or a product purification system configured to separate the at least one chemical product from reaction byproducts, unreacted reactants, or a combination thereof within the process stream, wherein the chemical synthesis plant is configured such that a majority of the net energy needed for heating, cooling, compressing, or a combination thereof utilized via the one or more reactors, the feed preparation system, the product purification system, or a combination thereof is provided from a noncarbon based energy source, from a renewable energy source, and/or from electricity.

Abstract: A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (CxHy) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes, a gas supply pipe configured to supply hydrocarbon gas to the first catalyst tube, a first steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the first catalyst tube, and a second steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the second catalyst tube.

Abstract: A system includes a fluid conduit, a fluid chamber in communication with the fluid conduit, a rheology sensor in communication with the fluid chamber, and an electric temperature controller in communication with the fluid chamber. The fluid chamber is cooled or heated in response to a first control signal from the electric temperature controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oligomerization process implemented in a sequence of at least two gas/liquid reactors, placed in series, comprising at least one gas headspace recycle loop. The process more particularly relates to the oligomerization of ethylene to linear alpha-olefins such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or a mixture of linear alpha-olefins.

Abstract: Disk shaped fine carbon particles. A fine carbon particle having a diameter of less than 3 microns and a height of less than 0.05 micron substantially in disk form are described. Admixtures with other fine particles are also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a modular compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling station. The modular CNG fueling station modules include a control station skid, an interface module, and a compressor skid. The compressor skid includes a fueling station for fueling a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle. Each of the modules of the modular CNG fueling station are configured as fully wired “plug and play” station modules. The control station module, the interface module, and the compressor module are each pre-plumbed with electrical connections to allow the CFS station to be portable and easily installed above-ground at a utility site.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is reacted with water in the presence of a catalyst to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is selectively allowed to pass through a hydrogen separation membrane to a permeate side of a reactor, while water and carbon-containing compounds remain in a retentate side of the reactor. An outlet stream is flowed from the retentate side to a heat exchanger. The outlet stream is cooled to form a cooled stream. The cooled stream is separated into a liquid phase and a vapor phase. The liquid phase is flowed to the heat exchanger and heated to form steam. The vapor phase is cooled to form condensed water and a first offgas stream. The first offgas stream is cooled to form condensed carbon dioxide and a second offgas stream. The steam and the second offgas stream are recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing acetic acid includes an absorption step that suppresses corrosion inside a distillation column when a solution after that has absorbed a target component is subjected to distillation. The method for producing acetic acid also includes an absorption step of supplying, to an absorption column, at least a portion of offgas generated in an acetic acid production process, bringing the offgas into contact with an absorbent containing one or more liquids selected from a hydrocarbon, an ester of a carboxylic acid having 3 or more carbon atoms, an ester of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol having 2 or more carbon atoms, and an ether, to allow the absorbent to absorb an iodine compound in the offgas, and separating into a gas component having a lower iodine compound concentration than the offgas and a solution containing the absorbent and the iodine compound.

Abstract: A reactor includes first heat transfer bodies including reaction flow channels through which a reaction fluid flows, second heat transfer bodies stacked on the first heat transfer bodies and including heat medium flow channels through which a heat medium flows and product flow channels through which a product flows that is produced in the reaction flow channels by a heat exchange between the reaction fluid and the heat medium, and product communication parts including communication spaces through which the product flows from the reaction flow channels to the product flow channels.

Abstract: An additively manufactured non-uniform porous material in-situ with dense material for the in situ additive manufacturing of both porous and dense material in the same part so that no secondary process is required. The additively manufactured non-uniform porous material in-situ with dense material generally includes additively manufactured porous material which can be tuned for porosity and density, has the ability to be built in situ with dense material, and can also be tuned for response to pressure waves. Also included are computer program products, methods and components and systems manufactured using the methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

Abstract: A method is provided for assessing health of a mechanical system. The method includes receiving discontinuous system data that is obtained intermittently and is associated with health of the system and generating a discontinuous health index that is based on the discontinuous system data and receiving continuous system data that is obtained continuously and is associated with the health of the system and generating a continuous health index that is based on the continuous system data, wherein the discontinuous health index and the continuous health index are configured to be combinable. The method further includes combining the discontinuous health index and the continuous health index, generating an overall health index based on the combination of the discontinuous health index and the continuous health index, and automatically taking one or more actions to maintain or improve health of the mechanical system and/or avoid risk based on the overall health index.

Abstract: Reactor systems, reactor coolant systems, and associated processes for polymerizing polyolefins are described. The reactor systems generally include a reactor pipe and a coolant system, in which the coolant system includes a jacket pipe surrounding at least a portion of the reactor pipe to form an annulus therebetween, at least one spacer coupling the jacket to the reactor pipe, and a coolant which flows through the annulus to remove heat from the reactor pipe. At least one of the external surface of the reactor pipe, the internal surface of the jacket, and at least one spacer, are independently modified, for example by polishing, coating, or reshaping, to reduce the fluid resistance of the coolant flow through the annulus.

Abstract: A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

Abstract: A method by which an environmental energy (e.g., wave energy) is harvested, converted into electrical power, and thereafter used to electrolyze seawater into hydrogen and chlorine gases. Those gases are recombined into hydrogen chloride from which is formed hydrochloric acid solution which is diluted and deposited at a depth sufficient to ensure its neutralization and sequestration for a significant period of time (e.g., for over a millennium). By removing chloride ions from a portion of the sea adjacent to its upper surface and depositing them into a portion of the sea more adjacent to its bottom, acidity is shifted from the surface to base of the sea, and the surface ocean is given a greater ability to absorb and buffer atmospheric carbon dioxide without a corresponding increase in acidity.

Abstract: The present disclosure refers in one embodiment to processes for making and transporting clean hydrogen fuel. The processes may involve hydrotreating, hydrocracking, or both hydrotreating and hydrocracking an aromatic feedstock under conditions to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is hydrogenated to obtain a hydrogen-rich fuel that is transported to a dehydrogenation facility that may also be at or near a hydrogen station. The hydrogen-rich fuel is used to obtain hydrogen and a second liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: A formation of multielement nanoparticles is disclosed that includes at least three elements. Each of the at least three elements is uniformly distributed within the multielement nanoparticles forming nanoparticles having a homogeneous mixing structure. At least five elements may form a high-entropy nanoparticle structure. A method for manufacturing a formation of multielement nanoparticles includes providing a precursor material composed of the at least three component elements in multielement nanoparticles; heating the precursor material to a temperature and a time; and quenching the precursor to a temperature at a cooling rate to result in a formation of multielement nanoparticles containing at least three elements and the heating and the quenching representing a multielement nanoparticle thermal shock formation process. A corresponding system for manufacturing the formation of multielement nanoparticles and a method of using the multielement nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided that can include furcating unit cells coupled with each other. Each of the unit cells can be elongated along an axis and include a sidewall that defines annular ring openings on opposite ends of the unit cell along the axis. The sidewall also can define undulating annular rings between the annular ring openings and axially separated from each other along the axis. The sidewall can further define angled openings into the unit cell both above and below each of the undulating annular rings. At least a first opening of the annular ring openings and the angled openings can be configured to be an inlet to receive a first fluid into the unit cell and at least a second opening of the annular ring openings and the angled openings configured to be an outlet through which the first fluid exits the unit cell.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for vaporizing liquid from a liquid source into the surrounding environment, are disclosed, where the apparatus comprises at least one manifold comprising at least one liquid port formed by a through-hole and at least one ridge structure, wherein the liquid port is in fluid communication with the liquid source and the one ridge structure At least one vaporization port is included in a planar structure connecting a first side of the structure to a second side, in fluid communication with the at least one ridge structure and the surrounding environment, wherein fluid flow through the liquid and vaporization ports is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the structure, and the ridge structures are substantially parallel to the plane of the structure. At least one heating element is present that is in thermal communication to the at least one vaporization port and at least one ridge structure.

Abstract: An additively manufactured heat transfer device is disclosed, including an enclosure portion with outer walls. The outer walls contain an inner channel configured to direct a flow of coolant fluid. The heat transfer device further includes a fluid intake port and a fluid outtake port, each connected to the first inner channel. The fluid intake port is configured to direct a flow of coolant fluid through an outer wall of the enclosure portion into the inner channel, and the fluid outtake port is configured to direct a flow of coolant fluid through an outer wall of the enclosure portion out of the inner channel. The inner channel is defined by internal walls, and the enclosure portion and the internal walls form a single additively manufactured unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a general-purpose fluorescent fluid photochemical microreactor and a manufacturing method therefor by means of 3D printing, belonging to the technical field of photochemical reactor research. By using a transparent photosensitive resin and the strong space building capacity of 3D printing, a photochemical microreactor having both a light-collecting channel and a reaction channel is prepared. By means of introducing a light-collecting substance in a fluid form into a light channel, not only can play the role of light collection and wavelength conversion, which solves the difficulty of traditional photochemical reactors of light source matching, but also the light-collecting substance can be flexibly changed so as to meet the requirements of different photochemical reactions in the reaction channel, which greatly expands the application range of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a single stage energy efficient process for production of hydrogen enriched/mixed gas at low temperature. More particularly, the present invention discloses a single stage energy efficient process for production of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (CNG) or LPG or biogas at low temperature.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a transmission unit of an aircraft is described that comprises: a first module defining a first feed path for a first fluid to be cooled; a second module defining a second feed path for a second cooling fluid; the first and second feed paths being thermally coupled to each other; each second module comprising: at least one cell formed by an inlet for a second cooling fluid; an outlet for the second cooling fluid, which is arrange on the opposite side to the inlet along a first direction; a first wall thermally coupled to the first path; a pair of second walls; and a plurality of fins projecting in a cantilever fashion from the first wall. The heat exchanger further comprises at least a first row of fins, which lie on a plane orthogonal to the first direction, the fins of the first row extending at progressively increasing distances from one of the second walls along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for revamping a catalytic converter wherein: said catalytic converter comprises a pressure vessel and a catalytic cartridge containing at least one catalyst bed, the pressure vessel includes a cylindrical shell with a full aperture and includes a removable cover of said aperture, and the catalytic cartridge is removable through said upper aperture, and the method includes: installing an additional shell over the aperture of the original shell, thus obtaining an axially extended shell of the pressure vessel; providing an axially extended catalytic cartridge having an axially extended room for holding catalyst in the so obtained axially extended shell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for power plant facilities are disclosed herein. A power plant facility includes a gas turbine; and a power generator that generates electricity from power supplied by the gas turbine. The power plant facility can also include at least one post-combustion capture unit that generates a CO2-rich stream from the combustion products of the gas turbine; and a sequestration compression unit that compresses and conveys at least one CO2-rich stream from a post-combustion capture unit, towards a sequestration site.

Abstract: A system includes a fluid conduit, a fluid chamber in communication with the fluid conduit, a rheology sensor in communication with the fluid chamber, and an electric temperature controller in communication with the fluid chamber. The fluid chamber is cooled or heated in response to a first control signal from the electric temperature controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oligomerization process implemented in a gas/liquid reactor comprising a headspace recycle loop. The process more particularly relates to the oligomerization of ethylene to linear alpha-olefins such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or a mixture of linear alpha-olefins.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor supplied with a monomer stream and a solvent stream to perform an oligomerization reaction; a product discharge line provided on a lower portion of a side surface of the reactor; a washing liquid supply line connected to a first point of the product discharge line; and a washing liquid discharge line extending from a second point of the product discharge line, wherein the product discharge line includes a branch point at which the product discharge line is branched into two or more lines and a junction point at which the respective branched lines are joined, and the product discharge line includes pressure control devices provided in each of the two or more branched lines.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a chemical reactor (100) having (a) two or more gas reactor elements (12) with each gas reactor element (12) having (i) a first reaction chamber (38), and (ii) a feed assembly unit (36), (b) a second reaction chamber (20) coupled with each of the two or more gas reactor elements (12) and configured to independently receive two or more product streams from the two or more gas reactor elements (12); and optionally, (c) a gas converging section (40) located downstream to the second reaction chamber (20). The invention is further directed to a method of producing chemical products using the chemical reactor (100) of the present invention.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the technical field of carbon nanotubes, provides an ultra-long chiral carbon nanotube and a method for preparing the same. The ultra-long chiral carbon nanotube has a diameter of about 1.5 nm to 5.5 nm and has a length of about 100 mm to 650 mm, the ultra-long chiral carbon nanotube includes a double-walled carbon nanotube and a triple-walled carbon nanotube, and each layer of the ultra-long chiral carbon nanotube is semiconducting and has a helix angle greater than 10°.

Abstract: Provided are graphene nanosheets having a polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentration of less than about 0.7% by weight and a tap density of less than about 0.08 g/cm3, as measured by ASTM B527-15 standard. The graphene nanosheets also have a specific surface area (B.E.T) greater than about 250 m2/g. Also provided are processes for producing graphene nanosheets as well as for removing polyaromatic hydrocarbons from graphene nanosheets, comprising heating said graphene nanosheets under oxidative atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 200° C.

Abstract: Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel gas injection apparatus includes a chamber, a heat exchanger, a supply manifold, injectors, and a mount body. The chamber is in communication with a fuel gas tank, and the heat exchanger is in communication with the chamber. The supply manifold is in communication with the heat exchanger and has a plurality of branched flow channels for flowing a fuel gas. The plurality of injectors detachably communicate with the branched flow channels of the supply manifold. The mount body is in communication with the plurality of injectors and guides the fuel gas injected from plurality of injectors to a fuel cell stack. The chamber and the heat exchanger are attached to the mount body.

Abstract: A microfluidics device has one or more bubble diversion regions. Problems associated with the generation of air bubbles are avoided in a microfluidics device such as a cartridge, for use with a point of care (POC) diagnostics device, the cartridge being able to carry out downstream processing such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or nucleic acid capture. The bubble diversion region has a lower flow resistance than the flow resistance of an area of interest.

Abstract: An example system includes an array of retaining features in a microfluidic cavity, an array of thermally controlled releasing features, and a controller coupled to each releasing feature in the array of releasing feature. Each retaining feature in the array of retaining features is to position capsules at a predetermined location, the capsules having a thermally degradable shell enclosing a biological reagent therein. Each releasing feature in the array of releasing features corresponds to a retaining feature and is to selectively cause degradation of the shell of a capsule. Each releasing feature is to generate thermal energy to facilitate degradation of the shell. The controller is to selectively activate at least one releasing feature in the array of thermally controlled releasing features to release the biological reagent in the capsules positioned at the retaining feature corresponding to the activated releasing feature.

Abstract: A method of making an atomic layer nanoribbon that includes forming a double atomic layer ribbon having a first monolayer and a second monolayer on a surface of the first monolayer, wherein the first monolayer and the second monolayer each contains a transition metal dichalcogenide material, oxidizing at least a portion of the first monolayer to provide an oxidized portion, and removing the oxidized portion to provide an atomic layer nanoribbon of the transition metal dichalcogenide material. Also provided are double atomic layer ribbons, double atomic layer nanoribbons, and single atomic layer nanoribbons prepared according to the method.

Abstract: Provided is a novel defibration method different from defibration by physical/mechanical pulverization and different from defibration by chemical modification. Provided is a defibration method and a production apparatus each capable of obtaining an intended, fine CNF without chemically modifying the CNF itself and by a treatment for a short time. A method for producing a cellulose nanofiber, the method being a method for continuously obtaining a cellulose nanofiber from raw material cellulose without performing chemical defibration and without performing physical/mechanical defibration in a post-treatment, and comprising mixing subcritical water in a high-temperature/high-pressure state, the subcritical water having a temperature of 180° C. or higher and lower than 370° C. and having a pressure of 5 MPa to 35 MPa, and the raw material cellulose, thereby defibrating the raw material cellulose to obtain a cellulose nanofiber dispersed in water, and a production apparatus for obtaining the cellulose nanofiber.

Abstract: A heater for a vehicle exhaust system includes a housing defining a fluid chamber, and the housing has a fluid inlet configured to receive fluid from a fluid supply and a fluid outlet. A helical body is positioned within the fluid chamber and a heater is integrated into the helical body to heat fluid supplied from the fluid supply such that heated fluid can be injected into a vehicle exhaust component via the fluid outlet. At least one sensor is integrated into the helical body to measure a fluid characteristic.

Abstract: A vehicle provided with a rechargeable battery, a charging port connected to a charging cable for supplying the battery with electric power of an outside power source, a CO2 recovery device for recovering CO2, a CO2 collection port connected to a collection hose for collecting CO2 from the CO2 recovery device, and a single openable lid covering both the charging port and the CO2 collection port.

Abstract: In a reactor, a first reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a first open end of the introduction port on the side bent toward the second flow channel and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channels, and a second reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a second open end of the introduction port on the opposite side of the first open end and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channel. At least part of the catalyst body is provided at least either in a region defined between the first reference position and the second reference position, or in a region defined between the second reference position and an inlet position of the first flow channels.

Abstract: This invention involves the addition of ester bottoms to an asphalt paving composition to improve the usable temperature range (UTR). The ester bottoms are a byproduct of refining a feedstock containing all or a portion of vegetable oil or animal fat.