Abstract: A liquid phase reactor comprising a screw within a barrel, the screw and barrel being relatively rotatable and defining a mixing zone therebetween, the barrel having at least two inlets for introduction of components for mixing into the barrel and an outlet for discharge of a product of mixing from the barrel, the screw comprising a spiral groove whereby relative rotation of the screw and barrel is adapted to axially transport the components between the screw and barrel while mixing the components and to extrude the product through the outlet, wherein the reactor is adapted to achieve a substantially constant flow ratio of components into the barrel during operation of the reactor.

Abstract: A method of reacting compounds can include directing a liquid into a helical constrained flow (37) having an inner circumferential flow surface and an outer circumferential flow surface. The helical constrained flow (37) can be formed around an axial interior volume (38). At least a portion of the helical constrained flow can be exposed to a sparging portion (35) to allow a fluid to be sparged into the liquid along the helical constrained flow (37). The fluid reactant can be sparged through the helical constrained flow so as to form a fluid product.

Abstract: An apparatus 1 for manufacturing trichlorosilane includes a decomposition furnace 2 into which polymers and hydrogen chloride are introduced, the decomposition furnace 2 includes: a heating device 11 which heats an interior of the decomposition furnace 2; a reaction chamber 4 which is formed in the decomposition furnace; a center tube 3 which is inserted in the reaction chamber 4 along a longitudinal direction of the reaction chamber and has a lower-end opening portion 3a; raw-material-supply pipes 5 and 6 which supplies the polymer and the hydrogen chloride to the reaction chamber 4 at an exterior of the center tube 3; and a gas-discharge pipe 7 which leads out reacted gas from the center tube 3, the apparatus 1 further includes a fin 14 that leads the polymer and the hydrogen chloride to the lower-end opening portion 3a of the center tube 3 so as to stir the polymer and the hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A device is provided with which it is possible to produce poly(methyl methacrylate) bone-cement paste, which is degassed to the greatest extent possible, while avoiding large-volume mixing containers and large cement volumes contained therein. The device includes a tubular hollow body (10) having a first opening (30) on the input side and a second opening (20) on the output side, at least one rotatably-mounted shaft (40) arranged in the axial direction in the tubular hollow body (10), thread turns (50) arranged axially along the outer side of the shaft (40), wherein the shaft (40) has at least one section with thread turns (50) whose pitch decreases in the direction of the second opening (20), at least one stirring blade (60) arranged on the shaft (40), and rigid mixing elements (70) arranged on the inner side of the tubular hollow body (10).

Abstract: A process for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons in a reactor, in which a stream comprising the hydrocarbon and a stream comprising the oxygen are fed to the reactor, wherein both streams fed to the reactor are conducted within the reactor separately through in each case one or more spatially separate lines, these lines having turbulence generators in their interior, owing to which, as a result of the imposed deflection of the flow direction downstream of turbulence generators, a highly turbulent flow field forms, and the streams are then mixed in a mixing zone after exiting from the lines and then converted in a reaction zone.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for restoring plastics to oil, thereby efficiently recycling waste plastics, comprises a decomposer, an oil reduction body, a cooling tank, and a filter and emission part. The decomposer comprises a decomposition space comprising an opening to receive the plastic, a heating coil inside the decomposer to heat the decomposition space to pyrolyze the plastic, and a pyrolyzing gas exhaust pipe to exhaust pyrolyzing gas produced in pyrolyzing the plastic. The oil reduction body is divided into a cooling space and a oil catchment space by a partition. The cooling tank provides cooling water to the cooling space to cool and reduce the pyrolyzing gas to oil, which is collected in the oil catchment space.

Abstract: The present discloses a method and a device for biogenic waste, or bio-waste treatment, and said method is as follows: Firstly, the biogenic waste is evenly mixed with water vapor, or steam, heating and pressurizing so that the temperature reaches 130-190° C. and the pressure reaches 1.5-1.9 MPa after mixture, and this state is maintained for 1-25 minutes; Then, the pressure of the mixture of said biogenic waste and water vapor is reduced to normal pressure, such as atmospheric pressure so as to conduct low-molecularization, such as decreasing or reduction of molecular weight of the biogenic waste to obtain a low-molecularized mixture, such as a low molecular weight mixture; finally, the low-molecularized mixture, such as low-molecular weight mixture is separated so as to obtain the final products. Said device includes reaction vessel, stirring device, vapor input device, pressure-reducing regulator and separation device.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane includes: a decomposing furnace, a heating unit heating the inside of the decomposing furnace, a raw material supplying tube for guiding polymer and hydrogen chloride to be guided to the inner bottom portion of the decomposing furnace, and a gas discharge tube for discharging reaction gas from the top of the reaction chamber provided between the outer peripheral surface of the raw material supplying tube and the inner peripheral surface of the decomposing furnace, a fin, which guides a fluid mixture of the polymer and the hydrogen chloride supplied from the lower end opening of the raw material supplying tube to be agitated and rise upward in the reaction chamber, and is formed integrally with at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the raw material supplying tube and the inner peripheral surface of the decomposing furnace.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating by itself an organic waste material which can treat the waste material with steam having a high temperature and a high pressure and which can separate and recover the waste material and a liquid material given by performing the treatment continuously by a simple operation. An apparatus (10) for treating an organic waste material characterized in that it comprises a sealed vessel (12) having a closed space (S1) for holding an organic waste material therein, a steam jet means (14) provided in the sealed vessel (12) for providing a steam jet having such temperature and pressure that the waste material can be carbonized, a discharge port (16) arranged at the bottom of the sealed vessel (12) and having an opening/closing mechanism, and a separating and recovering means (18) for separating the waste material and a liquid material given after the treatment only by direct discharge operation from the discharge port (16) and recovering the waste material and the liquid material.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing viscous material includes a chamber having a cylindrical sidewall and a bottom and receiving viscous material to be mixed; a cylindrical draft tube fixed at an inside center of the chamber to be spaced from the bottom and the sidewall and forming a space between the draft tube and the sidewall to allow passage of the viscous material, and including a heat medium passage therein; a carrying impeller installed in the draft tube and driven by a motor to transfer the viscous material above or below the draft tube and suck the viscous material in the space into the draft tube; and a sweeping impeller installed in the space and rotated in a circumferential direction by a motor to apply a pressure to the viscous material so that the viscous material in the space is not adhered to the draft tube and the sidewall.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an iron-bearing residue generated in a hydrometallurgical process that contains small amounts of soluble heavy metals into a stable form by means of a neutralising agent. The residue is elutriated and the elutriated residue is fed into at least one stabilisation or homogenisation reactor, into which a neutralising agent is also routed, and the homogenous mixing together of the residue and neutralising agent takes place by means of a helix mixer, where the ratio of the diameter of the mixer to the diameter of the reactor is 0.75-0.99.

Abstract: Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain torrefied and/or carbonized final products. In general, the processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. The torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product may be directed to a carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer. In certain instances, portions of the dried biomass are directed to the burners, as an additional source of fuel.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the preparation of chlorohydrins are described herein. The method includes introducing a liquid stream into a high shear device, wherein the liquid stream has an aqueous phase; introducing a gas stream into the high shear device, wherein the gas stream has an olefin gas; forming a dispersion in the high shear device, the dispersion comprising gas bubbles dispersed in the liquid stream; and reacting at least a portion of the dispersion to produce chlorohydrin.

Abstract: A catalytically activated vacuum distillation system, several novel component parts of said system, a process for producing carbon based products and novel carbon black that is produced from such a system and process.

Abstract: A gasification system is disclosed having a combustion or reaction vessel, a scrubber housing, and a filter housing. A carbonaceous fuel is partially combusted in the reaction vessel to generate a combustible gas. An improved ash support and removal system reduces clogging and other problems in the reaction vessel. The combustible gas passes through the scrubber housing to remove matter such as tar and oil, and the scrubbed gas passes through a hybrid blower to the filter housing. Wood chips are used in the filter housing to provide a relatively clean, dry gas. Wastewater and other waste products from the scrubber housing and filter housing are captured and returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus 1 for manufacturing trichlorosilane includes a decomposition furnace 2 into which polymers and hydrogen chloride are introduced, the decomposition furnace 2 includes: a heating device 11 which heats an interior of the decomposition furnace 2; a reaction chamber 4 which is formed in the decomposition furnace; a center tube 3 which is inserted in the reaction chamber 4 along a longitudinal direction of the reaction chamber and has a lower-end opening portion 3a; raw-material-supply pipes 5 and 6 which supplies the polymer and the hydrogen chloride to the reaction chamber 4 at an exterior of the center tube 3; and a gas-discharge pipe 7 which leads out reacted gas from the center tube 3, the apparatus 1 further includes a fin 14 that leads the polymer and the hydrogen chloride to the lower-end opening portion 3a of the center tube 3 so as to stir the polymer and the hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A conversion-to-oil apparatus capable of efficiently treating plastic, includes a melting unit for heating and melting plastic fed thereto and a decomposing unit for further heating and vaporization-decomposing the molten plastic melted by the melting unit, wherein the decomposing unit is inclined upwardly, having a lead screw mounted therein, and is provided at its upper end portion with a catalyst cylinder extending upwardly and a residue takeout unit extending downwardly, and the decomposing unit has a prevention element for preventing molten plastic gas from flowing down to the residue takeout unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane includes: a decomposing furnace, a heating unit heating the inside of the decomposing furnace, a raw material supplying tube for guiding polymer and hydrogen chloride to be guided to the inner bottom portion of the decomposing furnace, and a gas discharge tube for discharging reaction gas from the top of the reaction chamber provided between the outer peripheral surface of the raw material supplying tube and the inner peripheral surface of the decomposing furnace, a fin, which guides a fluid mixture of the polymer and the hydrogen chloride supplied from the lower end opening of the raw material supplying tube to be agitated and rise upward in the reaction chamber, and is formed integrally with at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the raw material supplying tube and the inner peripheral surface of the decomposing furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing a spinning solution for producing a polymer fiber, particularly a p-aramid fiber, the polymer being blended with a solvent, mixed, melted, homogenized, and degassed and then discharged, liquid sulfuric acid being used as the solvent and at least the mixing, homogenization, and degassing taking place in a preferably continuously operated single or double cell reactor (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decomposing and recovering an isocyanate compound, which comprises: continuously mixing and dispersing into water at high pressure and high temperature an isocyanate compound having at least one isocyanate group or group derived from an isocyanate group in a molten state or solution state, supplying a liquid mixture containing the isocyanate compound and the water at high pressure and high temperature continuously to a reactor, followed by subjecting the isocyanate compound to a decomposition reaction in the reactor, and recovering a raw material for the isocyanate compound or a derivative thereof; and an apparatus for decomposing and recovering an isocyanate compound, which comprises: a reactor which brings water at high pressure and high temperature into contact with an isocyanate compound having at least one isocyanate group or group derived from an isocyanate group to cause a decomposition reaction, a water supply line which continuously supplies the water at

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of making nano-sized or micro-sized precipitate particles. The process comprising the steps of mixing, in a reaction zone, a metal salt solution with a precipitant solution to form a precipitate, said precipitate being at least one of a metal chalcogenide, metal hydroxide and metal oxide; and applying a shear force to said mixing solutions in said reaction zone during said mixing step, wherein said shear force and the conditions within said reaction zone form said nano-sized or micro-sized precipitate particles.

Abstract: A gasification system having a combustor vessel, an optional scrubber vessel, an optional fixer vessel, an optional cyclone vessel and an optional demister vessel. A wide variety of possibly moist solid or semi-solid carbonaceous fuels may be partially combusted in the combustor to generate a combustible gas and a mineral ash. An improved ash support and removal subsystem reduces clogging and other problems. The combustible gas is conveyed by optional heavy-duty blowers through the optional vessels to remove liquids and particulates and to undergo catalytic chemical reactions to provide a relatively clean, dry, highly-combustible hydrocarbon gas that captures a relatively high fraction of the potential heating value of the fuel. Internal gases, liquids and particulates from the vessels may be recycled inside the system to improve efficiency and prevent liquid waste. A portion of the internal liquids may also be extracted for other uses.

Abstract: A system, process, and apparatus are provided for the efficient continuous production of hydrates. Gas separated from a well fluid is fed into a hydrate reactor that is submerged under the sea at a predetermined depth. The hydrates generated in the hydrate reactor are then transferred to a marine vessel for shipping.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a rotatable mixing device, a dynamic mixing apparatus, and a high throughput workflow system and dynamic mixing method employing the same.

Abstract: A liquid phase reactor comprising a screw within a barrel, the screw and barrel being relatively rotatable and defining a mixing zone therebetween, the barrel having at least two inlets for introduction of components for mixing into the barrel and an outlet for discharge of a product of mixing from the barrel, the screw comprising a spiral groove whereby relative rotation of the screw and barrel is adapted to axially transport the components between the screw and barrel while mixing the components and to extrude the product through the outlet, wherein the reactor is adapted to achieve a substantially constant flow ratio of components into the barrel during operation of the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing hydrocarbon materials from a feed composition, the apparatus including a feed port; a viscous shear apparatus; a thermal decomposition assembly including a ribbonchannel reactor which includes an inner heated hollow cylinder; an outer heated hollow cylinder, one of which is rotatable with respect to the other, both heated hollow cylinders providing heat to the feed composition to convert it to a vapor fraction and a solid residue fraction; low height flighting mounted with respect to the inner and outer heated hollow cylinders to move the feed composition through the thermal decomposition assembly; at least one vapor port for removing the vapor fraction; and at least one solids port for removing the solid fraction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the conversion of aromatic alkyls to aromatic carboxylic acids in a reactor are provided, wherein the location of the feeding of the reaction mixture into the reactor significantly increases the conversion efficiency of the precursor materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for use in conducting chemical or biological reactions requiring the input of at least one fluid reagent and/or the output of at least one fluid product, the apparatus comprising a reaction chamber having an inlet for the supply of at least one reactant and an outlet for the recovery of at least one product, the reaction chamber being provided with a regulator comprising a propeller mounted in the reaction chamber in the region of the inlet for dispersing the at least one reactant in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A mixer and mixer assembly for turbulent mixing and enhancing a chemical reaction is provided. A method for using a mixer and mixer assembly for treatment of fluids is also provided. The mixer generally includes a first and second end, a surface configured for turbulent mixing, a catalyst supported thereon, and surface structure configured to increase interaction of catalyst and reactant. The mixer assembly generally includes a mixer inserted inside a fluid container or a tube and may also include a catalytic sleeve for enhancing interaction between catalyst and reactant.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxidation reactor for manufacturing terephthalic acid (CTA). In particular, in connection with manufacturing CTA by oxidizing para-xylene in the presence of air containing oxygen and acetic acid solvent, the present invention relates to location relationship among a gas reactant feeding location to feed air containing oxygen, a liquid reactant feeding location to feed para-xylene and a location of an impeller, and also relates to a new oxidation reactor, a structure of which is changed. The oxidation reactor of the present invention controls location relationship among a gas reactant feeding location, a liquid reactant feeding location and a location of an impeller in consideration of a flowing pattern of gas reactant and liquid reactant and a distribution of formed CTA, thereby performing a reaction without a dead zone in the reactor, thus manufacturing CTA in a higher forming rate than before.

Abstract: A mixer having improved axial and radial mixing which retains good mixing time even during large viscosity changes, comprising a housing with at least one helical or anchor agitator located centrally in the housing in combination with at least one eccentrically arranged screw or blade agitator, preferably in mutual engagement, the combination of a helical agitator and a screw agitator enabling a much shorter mixing time as compared to a mixer having only a helical agitator without a screw agitator.

Abstract: A screenless reactor design is presented. The reactor includes a series of overlapping vanes where solid catalyst can cascade down the vanes. Gas flows across the catalyst by flowing through the vanes contacting the catalyst and then disengaging from contact with the solid catalyst particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an atomizer for producing finely dispersed spray of slurry/liquid and a process for the preparation of free flowing spray dried alumina powder. The jet-wheel impact atomizer based on the principle of addition of momenta has been invented and developed for spray drying. The atomizer works at significantly low slurry/liquid pressure (1-5 bar) and relatively lower speed (6000-14000 rpm). It saves a considerable amount of energy in view of above two advantages. Suspended solid in liquid is used as the feed slurry which is ejected from a nozzle in the form of a jet to hit against the toothed surface of a rotating wheel to cause atomization. The sprayed droplets are dried inside an associated drying chamber and collected through a screw conveyor at the bottom of the chamber. The feed solid at slurry stage is taken in the form of powder and includes ceramic, inorganic and organic compounds, food, drugs and Ayurvedic products.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is provided an evaporator/calciner in which hazardous materials, such as radioactive liquids, are converted into chemically stable, solid forms by evaporating, drying and calcination within a single vessel, that can then be sealed and used for long term storage.

Abstract: A Taylor reactor (1) according to FIG. 1, comprising 1. an annular reaction volume (2) which widens in the flow direction and is defined by an outer reactor wall (3), a rotor (4) which is mounted rotatably at the end (4.1) in the reactor floor (5) and at its other end (4.2) is unmounted, and a reactor floor (5) having a seal (6) for the drive shaft (7), 2. an inlet region (8) above the reactor floor (5), having at least one side feed (8.1) and/or at least one feed (8.1) through the reactor floor (5) for the reactants and/or the process media, 3. an outlet region (9) which is disposed above the annular reaction volume (2), widens further beyond the annular reaction volume (2) in the flow direction, and subsequently tapers toward a product offtake (10), 4. a product offtake (10) which at its greatest diameter opens toward the outlet region (9) and tapers in the other direction, and 5. a pressure maintenance valve (11); and its use for continuous bulk polymerization.

Abstract: An apparatus for cracking organic substances, for making a mixture of solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous components. The device comprises a cracking chamber (5) with substantially tubular walls arranged between an inlet port (?) of said organic substances and an outlet port (7) of the mixture. In the chamber (5) a rotor shaft is arranged (23) associated with rotary actuating means (24) of the rotor shaft (23) with respect to the walls of the chamber in such a way that the cracking occurs by friction of the substances during the relative rotation between the rotor shaft (23) and the walls of the cracking chamber (5). A feeding device pushes the substances in the cracking chamber (5), where they are subject to a high speed mixing action owing to the rotor shaft (23), and a variable gap (S) adjusts the friction, in particular, in a first tubular section (20) of the chamber (5), so that the transformation temperature reaches a desired value.

Abstract: A reactor is provided for converting organic material to charcoal, with the reactor having a furnace and a retort extending through the furnace. The retort has an auger extending therethrough, with the auger having a flight with gaps therein. Members project inwardly from the walls of the retort at the gaps in the flight to unplug blockages in the retort. A gas collection system is provided which has a branched portion having two or more venting tubes, each with valves so that each may be shut off independently to allow to off-line cleaning without requiring shutdown of the system. A method for converting organic material may be practiced by introducing combustible materials into the reactor.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a C2 or C3 alkyl aromatic in which a feedstock containing the alkyl aromatic and steam is supplied into the inlet of a tubular reactor containing a dehydrogenation catalyst. Within the reactor, the feedstock flows through at least a portion of the reactor along a spiral flow path extending longitudinally of the reactor. The resulting vinyl aromatic product is then recovered from a downstream or outlet section of the reactor. The spiral flow path through which the feedstock is passed is located at least adjacent the inlet side of the reactor and at least a portion of the spiral flow path contains a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst. The spiral flow path may extend throughout a major portion of the elongated tubular reactor and may contain a particulate dehydrogenation catalyst in a substantial portion there.

Abstract: The present invention also relates to a fluid processing device using material pieces, which is usable for processing liquid and gas. The hexagon nut shaped material pieces of stainless steel and the like are heat-treated and oriented such that the material pieces form up into a kind of concentric circles and make single plane, with drawing lines linked the center points of the hexagonal nut shaped material pieces positioned the outermost circumferentially periphery of the concentric arrangement forming up into an equilateral hexagon and such arrangement is retained. Also, a fluid processing device comprises a hollow container that such field converter is positioned in.

Abstract: A method and device for oxidization of materials in supercritical water. The method involves a) introducing a fluid containing water and an oxidizing agent in a ring-shaped area and through a first end of a substantially tube-shaped reactor comprising an external wall and an internal tube, b) heating the fluid in the ring-shaped area, c) introducing the heated fluid into the internal tube and simultaneously introducing material to be treated into said internal tube at a second end of the reactor, d) mixing the fluid and the material to be treated in a first portion of the internal tube, followed by cooling the obtained mixture in a second portion of the internal tube, and e) isobarically discharging the fluid/oxidized material from the internal tube of the reactor.

Abstract: A system, process, and apparatus are provided for the efficient continuous production of hydrates. Gas separated from a well fluid is fed into a hydrate reactor that is submerged under the sea at a predetermined depth. The hydrates generated in the hydrate reactor are then transferred to a marine vessel for shipping.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating hydrogen gas utilizes differential pressure to transport fuel and spent fuel components without requiring an electrically powered fuel delivery pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous mixing of at least one polyol component and at least one isocyanate component and optionally additives to form a polyurethane reaction mixture in a stirrer mixer with an axially conveying stirrer.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a C2 or C3 alkyl aromatic compound to a corresponding vinyl aromatic compound in a tubular reactor incorporating a spiral flow path. Preferred embodiments of the invention provide processes for the production of styrene or divinylbenzene by the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene or diethylbenzene, respectively. A feedstock containing a C2 or C3 alkyl aromatic and steam is supplied into the inlet of a tubular reactor containing a dehydrogenation catalyst and comprising a hydrogen permeable outer wall. The alkyl aromatic compound is dehydrogenated to a corresponding vinyl aromatic compound with the attendant production of hydrogen. The feedstock and products of the dehydrogenation reactor are flowed along a longitudinal spiral flow path providing for an outward radial flow of hydrogen to provide a pressure gradient through the hydrogen permeable outer wall of the reactor with the flow of hydrogen therethrough. Hydrogen is removed from the outer wall of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis tube for enhancing the yield of olefins and reducing a coking tendency in steam cracking of hydrocarbons. According to the present invention, the pyrolysis tube is characterized in that a plurality of mixing blades made by twisting two ends of a plate in opposite directions are included therein. The yield of ethylene is thereby improved and the coking tendency is reduced by mixing a fluid flow, improving a heat transfer rate and shortening a residence time of the reactants therein.

Abstract: A reactor for the oxidation of a precursor to an aromatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof in a liquid phase reaction mixture is disclosed. The reactor comprises an elongate vessel, substantially vertical in use, having an upper mixing element and a lower mixing element, characterised in that the upper mixing element is an axial pumping impeller and the lower mixing element is a radial pumping impeller. A process of producing a carboxylic acid or ester thereof in a reactor of the invention is also disclosed. In use, the configuration of mixing elements leads to three highly turbulent mixing zones. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention oxidant, from one inlet, and solvent, precursor and catalyst, are introduced directly into a mixing zone. The highly turbulent mixing zones lead to rapid mass transfer suppressing the formation of unwanted, coloured by-products and reduced reactor fouling.

Abstract: A Taylor reactor for conducting material conversions, having an external reactor wall (1) located within which there is a concentrically or eccentrically disposed rotor (2), a reactor floor (3) and a reactor lid (4), which together define the annular reactor volume (5), at least one means (6) for metered addition of reactants, and a means (7) for the discharge of product, wherein during the conversion there is a change in the viscosity ? of the reaction medium and the reactor wall (1) and/or the rotor (2) are or is geometrically designed in such a way that the conditions for Taylor vortex flow are met over essentially the entire reactor length in the reactor volume (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in a system for the generation of hydrogen by contacting an aqueous solution of a metal hydride salt with a hydrogen generation catalyst. In particular, the present invention relates to the incorporation within the system of a recycle line of water condensed from the fluid product to the feed line to be contacted with the catalyst. the internal recycle line permits the use of a more concentrated solution of metal hydride as it is diluted by the recycle line prior to contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: A vessel is mounted external to a liquid sulfur storage pit for degassing liquid sulfur at atmospheric pressure. Liquid sulfur is re-circulated from the pit to a static mixing device extending from a head space to the liquid sulfur which provides intimate contact of the liquid sulfur as it flows downwardly and sweep air flowing through the head space above the pit. Further, the static mixing device prevents free fall of liquid sulfur and the hazards of static electricity associated therewith. Use of a heat traced gas outlet induces flow of sweep gas from the system, obviating the need for a steam eductor or blower.