Abstract: A coating of niobium oxide, zirconium titanate, or nickel titanate is formed on at least a part of a surface of a jet pump member constituting a jet pump serving as a reactor internal structure of a boiling water reactor. Further, a solution containing, e.g., a niobium compound is applied to at least a part of the surface of the jet pump member constituting the jet pump, and the jet pump member coated with the solution is heat-treated to form a coating of, e.g., niobium oxide. With this configuration, the jet pump member constituting the jet pump of the boiling water reactor is provided such that deposition of crud can be sufficiently suppressed on the jet pump member.

Abstract: Novel reactor, systems and methods of preparing nanocrystals in a continuous flow-through process are provided. The novel reactor is highly configurable and can be modified to achieve desired reaction times of a flow through mixture. The reactor is designed to provide uniform, efficient heating of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of forming dielectric films comprising silicon, oxide, and optionally nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and boron. Also disclosed herein are the methods to form dielectric films or coatings on an object to be processed, such as, for example, a semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A smell-diffusing cell array substrate, an apparatus configured to transfer smell information and an electronic device are provided, the smell-diffusing cell array substrate includes at least one smell-diffusing cell having a microcapsule with a core-shell structure. A shell of the microcapsule includes a wall material and a photocatalyst dispersed in the wall material. A core of the microcapsule includes a smell-diffusion material and a hydrophilic liquid.

Abstract: A radial flow reactor is disclosed for use in gas purification, separation or reaction processes and most suitably used in prepurification processes. The reactor has two concentric internal baskets which are rigidly supported at both the top and bottom ends of the reactor. The reactor has a removable section in the inner basket to accommodate rotating arms to dense load one or more layers of active materials between the concentric baskets.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane, including: a reaction vessel in which a supply gas containing silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen is supplied to produce a reaction product gas containing trichlorosilane and hydrogen chloride; a heating mechanism that heats the interior of the reaction vessel; a storage container that stores the reaction vessel and the heating mechanism; a gas supply internal cylinder that supplies the supply gas in the reaction vessel; a gas discharge external cylinder that is substantially concentrically disposed outside the gas supply internal cylinder, forming a discharge passageway of the reaction product gas between an outer circumferential surface of the gas supply internal cylinder and an inner circumferential surface of the gas discharge external cylinder; and a cooling cylinder that supports the gas discharge external cylinder disposed inside thereof and includes a refrigerant passageway formed therein for circulating a refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and equipment for production of high purity silicon by reduction of SiCl4 with molten Zn metal. The method is characterized in that the reduction takes place in contact with a molten salt that dissolves ZnCl2. The ZnCl2 produced during the reduction then dissolves in the molten salt rather than evaporates. The advantage is that gas evolution during the reduction is minimised, leading to higher utilisation of the SiCl4 and Zn and thereby a higher Si yield. Another advantage is that the molten salt efficiently protects the air sensitive materials, Zn, SiCl4 and Si, from oxidation during the reduction. The resulting molten salt containing the ZnCl2 can be used for electrolysis of ZnCl2 to regenerate the Zn metal. Chlorine evolved during the electrolysis can be used to produce SiCl4.

Abstract: Catalysts are described in which an active catalyst is disposed on a low surface area, oxide support. Methods of forming catalysts are described in which a Cr-containing metal is oxidized to form a chromium oxide layer and an active catalyst is applied directly on the chromium oxide layer. Methods of making new catalysts are described in which the surface is sonicated prior to depositing the catalyst. Catalyst systems and methods of oxidation are also described. The inventive systems, catalysts and methods are, in some instances, characterized by surprisingly superior results.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component comprising a plurality of plates (1) stacked on each other, at least one of said plates being made of a ceramic material and in which a channel area is formed of fluid flow guide channels (3) by means of webs (2), said channels having a flow connection to inlet and outlet openings (4, 5, 6, 7), wherein the stack of plates is connected by force fit by means of a clamping device, and wherein a flat seal (8) is disposed between each of the individual plates (1) of the stack, wherein the flat seal (8) is made of an elastic and/or compressible material and covers both the channel area and the areas encompassing the inlet and outlet openings (4, 5, 6, 7), and at least partially covers the top sides of the webs (2) forming the channels. The components according to the invention are pressure-tight, resistant to thermal shock, and can be dismantled. They are particularly well suited as heat exchangers and microreactors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an intermittently opened cracking crude oil apparatus comprising a high pressure container (1), a support post (2) and a gold sleeve (3). A sealed reaction chamber of natural gas (4) is formed between an exterior surface of the support post and an interior surface of the gold sleeve, and a sealed high pressure chamber (5) is formed between an interior surface of the high pressure container and an exterior surface of the gold sleeve. A gas outlet is provided in the support post and communicates the reaction chamber of natural gas, the gas outlet communicating a gas conduit (7), the gas conduit being connected to a natural gas collector (8). A movable valve needle (9) is provided on the gas outlet to control open and close of the gas outlet. A liquid inlet (10) is provided on the high pressure container and communicates the high pressure chamber, the liquid inlet communicating a liquid conduit (11) which communicates a high pressure liquid supply.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, said apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of no less than 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10?22 bar and oxygen partial pressure of 10?10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.; wherein said refractory material has no less than 4 vol % formed porosity, measured at 20° C., based upon the bulk volume of said refractory material. In another embodiment, the refractory material has total porosity in the range of from 4 to 60 vol %.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) used within a gas-generating apparatus. Hydrogen is separated from the reaction solution by passing through a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) having a hydrophobic lattice like member (36) disposed within a hydrogen output composite (32) further enhancing the ability of the hydrogen output composite's ability to separate out hydrogen gas and prolonging its useful life.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support of M?-Sr1-z?M?z?Ce1-x?-y?Zrx?M??y?O3-?, Al2O3, mullite, ZrO2, CeO2 or any mixtures thereof where: M? is Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, alloys thereof or mixtures thereof; M? is Ba, Ca, Mg, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; M?? is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; z? is 0 to about 0.5; x? is 0 to about 0.5; y? is 0 to about 0.5; and x?+y?>0; for example, Ni—SrCe1-x?Zrx?O3-?, where x? is about 0.1 to about 0.3. The porous support is coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide of the formula SrCe1-x-yZrxMyO3-? where M is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb, x is 0 to about 0.15 and y is about 0.1 to about 0.3.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus for delivery of a gas, e.g., carbon dioxide and/or chlorine dioxide, and methods of its use and manufacture. The apparatus includes a sachet constructed in part with a hydrophobic material. The sachet contains one or more reactants that generate a gas in the presence of an initiating agent, e.g., water. The apparatus can also include a barrier layer and/or a rigid frame. In another embodiment, the apparatus is combined with a reservoir that can be used to deliver a gas to the reservoir and, optionally, a conduit. In another embodiment, the apparatus is incorporated into a fluid dispersion system that includes a dispersion apparatus, e.g., a humidifier.

Abstract: Materials for making apparatus and a method of inhibiting polymerization during manufacture, purification, handling and storage of subject ethylenically unsaturated monomers are disclosed. In particular, copper or metals containing copper, in the presence of oxygen, have inhibit undesired polymerization resulting in polymer fouling in apparatus used during the manufacture, purification, handling and storage of the monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters. The copper or copper alloys as described herein, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, exhibit self-inhibiting surface characteristics when used to make at least a portion of the apparatus to inhibit polymerization of the monomers in contact with the portion of the apparatus including such copper-containing metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite internal in a circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising guide plates, disturbing plates and 2 to 30 round tubes, wherein the guide plate (3) is secured with its one side to the round tube (1), and the disturbing plate (4) is secured with its one side to the round tube (1) and with its another side to another side of said guide plate (3), with an angle of 50 to 90° included between the guide plate (3) and disturbing plate (4). The round tubes (1) each provided with respective guide plate and disturbing plate are fixed together at one end, and said 2 to 30 round tubes (1) are arranged in one and the same plane. The other end of each round tube (1) is arranged in a radiate manner with respect to the fixed point as a center, and an angle included between each round tube (1) is different from or equal to each other, in a range of 100 to 180°.

Abstract: A microreactor assembly comprising a fluidic interconnect backbone and plurality of fluidic microstructures is provided. The fluidic microstructures are supported by respective portions of the fluidic interconnect backbone, The microreactor assembly comprises a plurality of non-polymeric interconnect seals associated with the interconnect input and output ports. The interconnect input port of the fluidic interconnect backbone is interfaced with the microchannel output port of a first fluidic microstructure at one of the non-polymeric interconnect seals. The interconnect output port of the fluidic interconnect backbone is interfaced with the microchannel input port of a second fluidic microstructure at another of the non-polymeric interconnect seals.

Abstract: A gas-generating apparatus (10) includes a reaction chamber (18) containing a solid fuel component (24) and a liquid fuel component (22) that is introduced into the reaction chamber by a fluid path, such as a tube, nozzle, or valve. The flow of the liquid fuel to the solid fuel is self-regulated. Other embodiments of the gas-generating apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A tube-in-tube assembly device (1) for a pyrolytic unit (150) of an elemental analyzer (100) comprises an inner tube (2) internally defining a reaction duct (3) at least partially filled with a carbon based reaction material (4), wherein the reaction duct (3) has a reaction duct inlet (5) and a reaction duct outlet (6); an outer tube (7) acting as a case for the inner tube (2), wherein the inner tube (2) is at least partially arranged inside the outer tube (7) such that a flushing space (8) is formed in the space between the inner (2) and the outer tubes (7). The flushing space (8) is intended for the flowing of a flushing gas. The tube-in-tube assembly device further comprises means (12, 20, 30) for connecting the outer (7) and the inner (2) tubes at one end of the tube-in-tube assembly device (1). The connecting means (12, 20, 30) comprise tightening means (16, 17, 24, 25) suitable to provide a gas seal between the flushing space (8) and the reaction duct (3), so to separate them one to another.

Abstract: Reactor for carrying out chemical and physical materials transformations, which comprises a reaction space enclosed by a reactor housing, where the reactor housing has at least two lateral fluid inlets having adjustably mounted nozzles which include an angle of about 20-160 degrees and through which fluid jets which impinge on one another at a common collision point within the reaction space are passed and the reactor has a fluid outlet at the bottom of the reaction space, which is characterized in that—an exchangeable bottom plate•which has a hole as fluid outlet and•on which moveably supported spheres are located so as to block the original path of the individual fluid jets in the unaligned state rests on the bottom of the reaction space and—a half shell standing upright on the bottom of the reaction space is located between each moveably supported sphere and the wall of the reactor space and—bottom plate, half shell and moveably supported spheres comprise one or more hard materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for performing high-pressure reactions, comprising at least one tube (31) whose ends are each conducted through a tube plate (33) and which is bonded to the tube plate (33). The tube plates (33) and the at least one tube (31) are surrounded by an outer jacket, such that an outer space (39) is formed between the tube (31) and the outer jacket. The tube plates (33) each have at least one surface composed of a nickel-base alloy and the at least one tube (31) is in each case welded on to the surface composed of the nickel-base alloy. The surface composed of the nickel-base alloy points in each case in the direction of the particular reactor end. The outer jacket has a thickness which is sufficient to absorb tensile forces which occur between tube (31) and outer jacket owing to a temperature difference in the event of different expansion. The invention further relates to a process for starting up the reactor and for performing an exothermic reaction in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device which utilizes catalytic microcombustion for the production of heat or power and which exhibits a low pressure drop and has a high catalytic surface area. The catalytic microcombustor includes catalyst inserts in the reaction chamber separated by a sub millimeter distance. Thermal spreaders ensure temperature uniformity and maximum thermal efficiency. A mixing zone is prior to the combustion zone. Thermally conductive and/or insulating inserts are in the vicinity of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A microfluidic reactor cartridge having glass capillary tubing wound in a coil and surrounded by a ceramic housing capable use in high temperatures and method for using same. In another embodiment, the microfluidic cartridge is a serpentine reactor cartridge with a serpentine microreactor channel formed in a ceramic housing. The serpentine reactor cartridge has an inlet tube attached to its inlet port and an outlet tube attached to its outlet port. The inlet port is a macro/micro interface and the outlet port is a micro/macro interface useful in gas phase reactions where solids must be used to produce a reactant. The method for using a microfluidic reactor cartridge includes two phases, the first phase for producing a radioactive labeled gas such as methyl iodide and the second phase is a methylation reaction.

Abstract: An internal static mixing system such as a disperser of mesh wire or expanded metal co-knit with a multi filament material selected from inert polymers, catalytic polymers, catalytic metals or mixtures in combination with a vertical reactor having a reaction zone and the disperser disposed in said reaction zone, particularly for carrying out paraffin alkylation using acid catalyst is disclosed. The wire mesh provides the structural integrity of the system as well as the open space required in reactors for the movement of vapors and liquids though the system. The disperser may be in sheets, bundles or bales or positioned within a frame.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: An apparatus (40) for a PCR reaction includes an array (41) of reaction vessels (42) is mounted on a thermal mount (43). The thermal mount (43) is positioned on a on a heater/cooler (45), such as a Peltier module. The array (41) is covered by a sealing film (44), which is sealed to the upper rims (49) of the vessels (42) to keep the reagents and reaction products within each vessel (42). A heated lid (50) is used to heat the underside of the sealing film to reduce condensation thereon of reagents vaporised during the reaction. The reaction vessels (42) are formed of an upper, thermally insulating part (25) and a lower, thermally conducting part (21) so as to facilitate accurate temperature control within the vessels but so as to reduce the amount of thermal energy conducted from the heated lid to the vessels, which would reduce the accuracy of the temperature control.

Abstract: A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is obtained in the shaft by metering an input gas II comprising molecular oxygen upstream of the fixed catalyst bed into an input gas stream I which comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated and is flowing within the shaft toward the fixed catalyst bed.

Abstract: A compact catalytic reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis defines a multiplicity of first and second flow channels arranged alternately in the reactor, for carrying a gas mixture which undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and a coolant fluid, respectively. Each first flow channel contains a removable gas-permeable catalyst structure incorporating a metal substrate. A multiplicity of flow paths are defined through the catalyst structure, and the voidage, that is to say the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel constituted by the said multiplicity of flow paths, is between 25% and 70%. This provides an optimum balance between productivity and selectivity, so that operation of the reactor can be economic and controllable.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10?22 bar, an oxygen partial pressure of 10?10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C.

Abstract: A hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen by utilizing heat generated in a nuclear plant. The apparatus has a heat exchanger or steam reformer to be brought into contact with cooling water containing tritium produced from the nuclear plant and a tritium permeation suppressing ceramic coating at least either the outer surface or the inner surface of the heat exchanger or steam reformer for suppressing permeation of tritium. Instead of coating with a tritium permeation suppressing ceramic, a structure prepared by combining at least two types of materials having different crystal structures may be used.

Abstract: A reactor including a reactor vessel and heat exchange tubes provided in the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel includes a tubesheet and is configured to receive a reaction fluid. The tubesheet has a first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid and a second plate member configured to not contact the reaction fluid. Heat exchange tubes are provided in the reactor vessel and fixed to the first plate member. The heat exchange tubes are configured to receive a heat exchange medium. At least a portion of the first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid is made of a metal that has a high corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid, and the second plate member is made of a metal that has a low corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid. The second plate member is detachably fixed to a remainder of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A vessel assembly is disclosed for high pressure high temperature chemistry. The vessel assembly includes a cylindrical vessel and a cylindrical vessel seal cover. The vessel and the seal cover have respective surfaces that, when engaged, define a circumferential interior passage between the vessel and the seal cover. A pressure release opening in the seal cover is in fluid communication with the circumferential passage. A retaining ring surrounds the vessel and the seal cover at the position where the vessel and the seal cover meet to maintain an outer circumferential engagement between the seal cover and the vessel when pressure forces gases in the vessel to flow into the circumferential passage and then outwardly from the pressure release opening.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A modular and reconfigurable multi-stage microreactor cartridge apparatus provides a manifold for removably attaching multiple microfluidic components such as microreactors. The microfluidic components are attached at microfluidic component ports having two input/output terminals, which microfluidic component ports are connected via connections internal to the manifold to other microfluidic component ports providing a microfluidic circuit. The microfluidic component may be a microfluidic circuit plug-in or a cartridge having a mounting block with two input/output terminals and a fastener aperture and fluidic tubing having a first and second transport portion and a body portion, the three portions being disposed in substantially parallel planes and the body portion being would in a coil around a spool. The coil is connected to the mounting block by either epoxy protector or L-bracket.

Abstract: Methods of preparing single walled carbon nanotubes are provided. An arrangement comprising one or more layers of fullerene in contact with one side of a metal layer and a solid carbon source in contact with the other side of metal layer is prepared. The fullerene/metal layer/solid carbon source arrangement is then heated to a temperature below where the fullerenes sublime. Single walled carbon nanotubes are grown on the fullerene side of the metal layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus useful in fluorinating organic compounds, or more particularly to a reactor system suitable for the fluorination of organic compounds on a commercial scale. The apparatus is also useful in chemical reactions including heating or cooling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a microfluidic device which involves providing a substrate with a surface and writing a first flowable material on the surface of the substrate. The first flowable material is then solidified to form spacer elements, each with a top surface distal from the surface of the substrate, and a second flowable material is written on the surface of the substrate. A cover having a surface is provided and applied to the substrate, with the surface of the cover contacting the top surfaces of the spacer elements. The second flowable material is solidified to form walls, where the walls, the surface of the substrate, and the surface of the cover form flow channels of a microfluidic device. The resulting microfluidic device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid fuel reforming device is provided which, when an oil or other liquid fuel is passed therethrough, efficiently produces reformed liquid fuel by causing the liquid fuel to make contact with ceramic pieces loaded in the liquid fuel reforming device. The liquid fuel reforming device, which is installed in an oil supply line for reforming oil or other liquid fuel, comprises a main unit formed as a tubular body provided with connectors projecting from its opposite ends for connection with the supply line and having a diameter larger than the diameter of the supply line, liquid fuel entering the main unit being reformed therein and then discharged; at least one netlike body provided between the main unit and at least one of the connectors; and at least one ceramic piece loaded into the tubular main unit for electrically charging the liquid fuel.

Abstract: In a hydrogen atom generation source in a vacuum treatment apparatus which can effectively inhibit hydrogen atoms from being recombined due to contact with an internal wall surface of a treatment chamber of the vacuum treatment apparatus and an internal wall surface of a transport passage, and being returned into hydrogen molecules, at least a part of a surface facing a space with the hydrogen atom generation source formed therein of a member surrounding the hydrogen atom generation source is coated with SiO2. In a hydrogen atom transportation method for transporting hydrogen atoms generated by the hydrogen atom generation source in the vacuum treatment apparatus to a desired place, the hydrogen atoms are transported via a transport passage whose internal wall surface is coated with SiO2.

Abstract: A microreactor apparatus includes; a microreactor body that includes first and second substrates; a microchannel that is formed inside the microreactor body; and integral connectors that are disposed detachably on the microreactor body, and through which supply/discharge pipes are to be connected to end portions of the microchannel, respectively.

Abstract: Method to prepare fluids (liquids and gases) containing pure chlorine dioxide which is not contaminated by the starting materials or the byproducts of the chlorine dioxide synthesis or to deliver pure chlorine dioxide into any medium capable of dissolving chlorine dioxide, wherein the chlorine dioxide generated in the process is transported across a pore free polymeric membrane via selective permeation into the target medium.

Abstract: A reactor including a reactor vessel and heat exchange tubes provided in the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel includes a tubesheet and is configured to receive a reaction fluid. The tubesheet has a first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid and a second plate member configured to not contact the reaction fluid. Heat exchange tubes are provided in the reactor vessel and fixed to the first plate member. The heat exchange tubes are configured to receive a heat exchange medium. At least a portion of the first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid is made of a metal that has a high corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid, and the second plate member is made of a metal that has a low corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid. The second plate member is detachably fixed to a remainder of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: Cylindrical devices (frits) are prepared by embedding aminoalkyl- or mercaptoalkyl-modified Controlled Pore Glass (CPG) in high-density polyethylene. Methods and devices pertaining to their use in the synthesis of nucleic acids are described. A reusable synthesis column or a reusable 96-chamber synthesis plate have been designed to hold one to 96 of the said frits that are inserted reproducibly into the synthesis chambers with a frit insertor. A short gas surpressure is required to drive entry of chemical reagents into the said frit. Reagents are retained into the frit until a second, longer surpressure is applied to drain the said reagents.

Abstract: Means for overcoming the problems which the conventional glass microchannel chips have are disclosed. That is, a microchannel chip in which microchannels can be formed at a low cost, and which has a high chemical resistance is disclosed. The microchannel chip is constituted by a substrate made of carbon, which has a channel in its surface; and a cover composed of a glass plate bonded to the substrate. The cover is bonded to the substrate by heating at least a part of the contact surface at which the substrate is in contact with the cover.

Abstract: This invention provides a stepped heating cycle for the pre-treatment of phenolic microballoons prior to carbonization thereof, wherein the heating cycle comprises the steps of sequentially: gradually elevating the temperature of the microballoons to a temperature in the range 100° C.-170° C.; holding the microballoons at the elevated temperature for 1-24 hours; and gradually cooling the microballoons. This invention also provides a heat-dissipation reactor (11, 21, 31) which comprises a walled reaction chamber having a bottom and no top, the reaction chamber being fitted with high thermal conductivity inserts. When used in accordance with this invention (61), the volume within the walls of the reaction chamber is charged with phenolic resin microballoons. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction chamber (11, 21) is subdivided into a plurality of subchambers by a vertical grid of aluminum plates (19, 29).

Abstract: A micro-channel chip comprising a first substrate and a second substrate bonded together, characterized in that at least one patch of a non-adhesive thin-film layer for generating a micro-channel is formed on the mating surface of at least one of the two substrates, a port that is open to the atmosphere is provided in the first substrate, and at least one end portion of the non-adhesive thin-film layer is communicably connected to the port, further characterized in that an underplate made of a material that is difficult to deform by itself is provided on the underside of the second substrate, the underplate has a recess at the interface with the second substrate that extends from a position that is short of the center of the port toward the non-adhesive thin-film layer, and the width of the recess is greater than that of the non-adhesive thin-film layer.

Abstract: Reaction plates for microreactors for performing gas-liquid reactions, which consist of falling-film plates with a surface which has a randomly distributed, unordered fine structure or microstructure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reaction apparatus having an enhanced connection, and a fuel cell system and an electronic device that include such a reaction apparatus. A reaction apparatus (1) a reformer (4) in which a reforming reaction chamber (31) is formed, a CO remover in which a removing reaction chamber (35) where a chemical reaction is performed at a temperature lower than that in the reforming reaction chamber (31) is formed, and a connecting portion (6) having a communicating path that communicates between the reforming reaction chamber (31) and the removing reaction chamber (35). The reformer (4) and the CO remover (5) are arranged spaced apart from each other, at least one of which (4, 5) is configured by combining ceramic parts (11, 12) and metal components (15, 16), and the ceramic parts (11, 12) and the metal components (15, 16) are connected with connecting members (18, 20) interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A chemical processing apparatus that utilizes a ceramic media sintered at a lower temperature than the apparatus' maximum exposure temperature is described. The media's physical and chemical properties may contribute to its thermal stability when exposed to temperatures that exceed the media's sintering temperature by at least 50° C.