Abstract: Aluminum hydroxide aggregated particles which have an average particle diameter of not less than 40 ?m, an average particle diameter as determined after pressing at 1,000 kg/cm2 of not more than 35 ?m, and an L value of slurry obtained by mixing 20 ml of glycerol and 10 g of the aluminum hydroxide aggregated particles of not more than 69, are obtained by a process comprising the steps of: (a) feeding a supersaturated aqueous sodium aluminate solution to a vessel, (b) adding aluminum hydroxide seeds to the supersaturated aqueous sodium aluminate solution, (c) stirring the seed-added solution in the vessel while continuously feeding an additional supersaturated aqueous sodium aluminate solution into the vessel to hydrolyze the supersaturated aqueous sodium aluminate solution, (d) separating the aluminum hydroxide aggregated particles from the aqueous sodium aluminate solution, and (e) continuously discharging the aqueous sodium aluminate solution out of the vessel.

Abstract: A container for thermal conditioning of a fluid under pressure, use of the container for thermally conditioning a fluid under pressure, a chemical reactor including the container and a polymerization process using the reactor, and a method of producing the container and the reactor. The container is bounded over at least part of its surface facing the outside by at least one external plate and facing the inside by at least one internal plate, the external plate being thicker than the internal plate, the external plate and the internal plate being joined together in places to define a space between joints for circulation of a heat-transfer fluid and the container including a mechanism to adjust the pressure of the heat-transfer fluid to that of the fluid under pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biotechnological device including a responsive hydrogel permeation layer with an intrinsic structural gradient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device equipped with a burner for combusting a fuel/oxidant mixture inside a combustion chamber in which a material (3, 3?, 3?, 3??) is provided that endures a maximum temperature. The inventive device also comprises one or more supply lines (25, 26) for the fuel as well as for the oxidant which are provided for supplying the same into the combustion chamber. The inventive device is characterized in that it is designed for carrying out a combustion with a combustion temperature of the fuel/oxidant mixture that exceeds the maximum temperature. The device is designed in such a way that at least one additional supply line (30) is provided via which an additional gas having, in particular, a low calorific value can be supplied to the combustion chamber. Said additional gas enables the temperature during combustion to be lowered to a value that is less than the maximum temperature.

Abstract: A container (22) includes a shell (24) made from a polymer, for example PET, and incorporating a catalyst, for example a palladium catalyst. A closure (40) incorporates a plug which includes a source of hydrogen, for example a hydride. In use, with container (22) including a beverage and closure (40) in position, the headspace in the container will be saturated with water vapor. This vapor contacts the hydride associated with plug (42) and as a result the hydride produces molecular hydrogen which migrates into the polymer matrix of shell (24) and combines with oxygen which may have entered the container through its permeable walls. A reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen takes place, catalysed by the catalyst, and water is produced. Thus, oxygen which may ingress the container is scavenged and the contents of the container are protected from oxidation.

Abstract: A design for a microchannel steam microreformer has been developed to provide power in conjunction with a micro fuel cell for a portable, low-power device. The design is optimized for low pumping power and rapid operation as well as thermal efficiency, overall size, and complete generation of the available hydrogen. The design includes at least one microchannel having a grooved surface with a continuous groove oriented in a spiral configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating carbon monoxide and in particular a device for testing carbon monoxide detectors which utilises the method and apparatus for generating carbon monoxide. A layer of Activated Carbon Cloth is heated so that it produces small quantities of carbon monoxide. The Activated Carbon Cloth may be provided in a removable cassette.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid/liquid reaction process comprising the steps of: a) forming a slurry of a solid and a solution containing a species (SA) reactive with the solid and convertible to a species in the gas phase (SG); b) conducting a reaction between the solid and the species SA in a slurry in a vessel; and c) controlling a process condition of the slurry to minimise reactive conversion of species SA to species SG. Reactive conversion of species SA to species SG in the vessel is minimised by the placement of laminar slurry cover buoyant with respect to the slurry in the vessel. A process of particular importance is the process of cyanidation of gold ores in which reactive conversion of aqueous cyanide (CNaq?) to HCN (g) is a particular problem. A vessel (1, 2, 3) and leach circuit for conducting the solid/liquid process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A rapid start reactor is provided that can be used, for example, in a water gas shift reactor of a fuel processor. A reactor has a catalyst support structure with one or more surfaces overlaid with an active coating that includes a catalyst. The active coating heats upon exposure to a non-thermal energy source. The reactor also includes a generator of non-thermal energy for applying non-thermal energy to the active coating. Methods for operating such a reactor during transient and/or start-up conditions are also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a system for reacting with sulfuric acid. The system may include a housing having an inlet and an outlet and may also include a component disposed downstream of the inlet and upstream of the outlet. The component may be configured to restrict a flow of fluid through the housing as a function of sulfuric acid present within the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates and an apparatus suitable for this purpose, and also its use.

Abstract: A microreactor assembly [100] is provided comprising a fluidic interconnect backbone [10] and plurality of fluidic microstructures. Interconnect input/output ports [12] of the fluidic interconnect backbone [10] are interfaced with microchannel input/output ports [14] of the fluidic microstructures at a plurality of non-polymeric interconnect seals [50]. Interconnect microchannels [15] are defined entirely by the fluidic interconnect backbone [10] and extend between the non-polymeric interconnect seals [50] without interruption by additional sealed interfaces. At least one of the fluidic microstractures [20, 30, 40] may comprise a mixing microstructure formed by a molding process. Another of the fluidic microstructures [20, 30, 40] may comprise an extruded reactor body. Still another fluidic microstructure [20, 30, 40] may comprise a quench-flow or hydrolysis microreactor formed by a hot-pressing method.

Abstract: A microreactor assembly comprising a fluidic interconnect backbone and plurality of fluidic microstructures is provided. The fluidic microstructures are supported by respective portions of the fluidic interconnect backbone, The microreactor assembly comprises a plurality of non-polymeric interconnect seals associated with the interconnect input and output ports. The interconnect input port of the fluidic interconnect backbone is interfaced with the microchannel output port of a first fluidic microstructure at one of the non-polymeric interconnect seals. The interconnect output port of the fluidic interconnect backbone is interfaced with the microchannel input port of a second fluidic microstructure at another of the non-polymeric interconnect seals.

Abstract: Microreactor for carrying out methanol reforming for hydrogen production. The microreactor consists of a network of catalyst-packed parallel microchannels of cross-sectional dimensions from 400 to 1000 micrometers with a catalyst particle filter near the outlet fabricated by micromachining techniques, e.g., using photolithography and deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) on a silicon substrate. Microchannel and filter capping, on-chip heating and temperature sensing, introduction and trapping of catalyst particles in the microchannels, flow distribution, microfluidic interfacing and thermal insulation are features of the microreactor. Another microreactor consists of a radial-flow configuration utilizing a annular shaped catalyst zone for carrying out reactions between gases introduced into the microreactor as the gases flow from an inner circular boundary to an outer circular boundary in a radial direction.

Abstract: An improved process for ammonia recovery is provided for the recovery of substantially pure ammonia for use in industrial processes. In this improved method, specific raw materials and/or specific materials of construction are used. Overall efficiency and operational cost savings are increased as a result of the process of the present invention.

Abstract: A composition for destruction of unused or expired medicines comprised of: an acidic solvent; a dishwashing liquid; and activated carbon. The acidic solvent can be distilled vinegar, lemon juice, hydrochloric acid, diluted hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, diluted acetic acid, bleach, ammonia, alcohol, and combinations thereof, the dishwashing liquid includes at least one anionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant, and cocinin, and the activated carbon is selected can be powdered activated carbon or granulated activated carbon, typically with a surface area of at least approximately 500 square meters per gram. The composition can further include fragrance and/or coloring. The components of the composition can also be sold individually or one or more components can be sold together with a container.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an apparatus for the production of inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles and nanotubes. The apparatus comprises a chemical reactor, and is further associated with a feeding set up and with a temperature control means for controlling the temperature along the reaction path inside the reactor so as to maintain the temperature to be substantially constant. The invention is further directed to a method for the synthesis of IF-WO3 nanoparticles having spherical shape and having a size up to 0.5 mu m and nanotubes having a length of up to several hundred mu m and a cross-sectional dimension of up to 200 nanometer.

Abstract: Passively aligned modular microfluidic devices, and a method for fabricating such passively aligned polymeric modular microfluidic devices have been reported. The modular units fabricated are plurality of integrated microdevices. Also reported are microfluidic devices wherein isolated temperature zones exist so that the temperature within each zone may be distinctly and accurately controlled, and a method for fabricating such microfluidic devices wherein there are isolated temperature zones so that the temperature within each zone may be distinctly and accurately controlled. Such devices allow one to define constant temperature zones along a microfluidic channel where different reactions or stages of reactions occur.

Abstract: A microfluidic flow cell for removably interfacing with a removable-member for performing a reaction therebetween. The microfluidic flow cell device comprises at least one reaction portion defining with the removable-member a reaction chamber when in an interfaced position thereof. The microfluidic flow cell comprises at least one fluid-receiving portion for receiving a fluid therein and being in fluid communication with the reaction chamber. When the microfluidic flow cell and the removable-member are in the interfaced position, the cell is adapted to allow for the fluid in the fluid-receiving portion to flow to the reaction chamber. Devices, systems and methods comprising this microfluidic flow cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a compound that hardens when cured, the apparatus allowing for rapid removal of the compound after hardening. A mixing pad is a thick, flexible sheet that has anti-adhesion properties. The mixing pad is supported by a support device that has a rigid support surface that maintains the planar configuration of the work surface of the pad. The support device includes means for securing the mixing pad to a support surface of the device. In one embodiment, the support device includes a compartment for storing the mixing pad. The compartment is also configured for being a mold to form the pad. In another embodiment, the support device has a support surface with protrusions that engage openings in the pad, thereby securing the pad to the support device.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the fields of chemistry and molecular biology. More particularly, the present invention relates to thermally-conductive compositions and reaction tubes for chemical- and biochemical-based analytical processing. Compositions and reaction tubes in accordance with the invention comprise at least one plastic and at least one compound having a higher thermal conductivity than the at least one plastic to result in compositions and tubes having increased thermal conductivity when compared to the at least one plastic alone. Such compositions and tubes are capable of facilitating rapid heat transfer in numerous heat transfer applications. The thermally-conductive compositions and reaction tubes are especially suitable for containing reaction constituents during thermal cycling of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Abstract: A novel chlorine dioxide production apparatus, or reactor, is disclosed. The reactor receives reactants from two or more feed pipes under pressure, and the reactants react in a reaction chamber that operates under elevated pressure and within a specified temperature range. A gaseous product, such as chlorine dioxide, is generated and is released directly into a liquid stream for bleaching, disinfection, and other purposes. Also disclosed is a novel system for production of quantities of chlorine compounds from commercial grades of starting materials, and methods of using the reactor in situ for bleaching, and for disinfection, decontamination, and sterilization of flows of water or other liquids. An automated system for multiple points of addition of chlorine dioxide to a flow to be treated is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention is a reactor and a process for the conversion of organic waste material such as municipal trash, sewage, post-consumer refuse, and biomass to commercially salable materials. The invention produces the following: 1. Maximum energy conversion from the organic material 2. High volume consumption of the organic feed material 3. Less pollution of gaseous products than prior art systems 4. Solid residuals for disposal are minimal and non-hazardous. The conversion is accomplished by combining anaerobic gasification and pyrolysis of the feed organic material and making it into synthetic gas. The synthetic gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons (CxHy), hydrogen, and carbon monoxide with small amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. An essential feature of the invention is a hot driver gas, devoid of free oxygen and rich in water, which supplies the entire thermal and chemical energy needed for the reactions.

Abstract: A method for carrying out endothermic or exothermic gas phase reactions by using a tube bundle reactor with a tube bundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes comprises the following steps: a) Introducing a reaction gas mixture into the reaction tubes; b) Dividing-up of the reaction gas mixture flow flowing through each of the reaction tubes into at least two partial flows, each partial flow having the same composition; c) Feeding-in of each partial flow at a different point along the catalyst filling with an existing flow resistance; d) Determining the desired partial flow volume for each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); e) Calculating the pressure at the point of the first division of the reaction gas mixture (9); f) Calculating the pressure in the catalyst filling (12) at the point of feeding-in of each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); and g) Setting of flow resistance for each point of feeding-in in such a way that the flow resistance at the desired partial flow volume corresponds to the pressure difference bet

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite internal in a circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising guide plates, disturbing plates and 2 to 30 round tubes, wherein the guide plate (3) is secured with its one side to the round tube (1), and the disturbing plate (4) is secured with its one side to the round tube (1) and with its another side to another side of said guide plate (3), with an angle of 50 to 90° included between the guide plate (3) and disturbing plate (4). The round tubes (1) each provided with respective guide plate and disturbing plate are fixed together at one end, and said 2 to 30 round tubes (1) are arranged in one and the same plane. The other end of each round tube (1) is arranged in a radiate manner with respect to the fixed point as a center, and an angle included between each round tube (1) is different from or equal to each other, in a range of 100 to 180°.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing carbon nanotubes which includes supplying a continuous fluidized feed of a catalyst and at least one hydrocarbon to a reactor operating under conditions suitable to produce carbon nanotubes. The fluid is made to flow though the reactor with a swirling motion which ensures that the internal surfaces of the reactor are cleaned of deposits.

Abstract: A ceramic microreactor for carrying out reactions having a large heat of reaction which has at least three interior spaces, with at least one interior space having internal buffers whose shape, number and positioning ensure homogeneous flow, is described. The microreactor is built up as a monolith from at least seven plate-shaped layers of inert ceramic material, preferably aluminium oxide, which form an upper heating/cooling space, a central reaction space and a lower heating/cooling space. One interior space has a coating of a catalyst comprising noble metal. The shape, number and positioning of the internal buffers is determined by means of flow simulation calculations; the internal buffers preferably have a lozenge shape. The microreactor displays very good selectivity in reactions having a large heat of reaction, in particular in heterogeneous gas-phase reactions, and is used in particular for hydrogen production and/or hydrogen purification in fuel cell technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reaction vessel, a reaction vessel liquid introducing device, a liquid introducing and reaction measuring device, and a liquid introducing device, and is directed to being able to perform temperature control of a liquid stored within the reaction vessel with a high accuracy and faithful responsiveness. The reaction vessel comprises: a storage chamber in which a liquid is storable, that has an opening part; a reaction chamber that is formed thinner or narrower than the storage chamber; and at least one flow passage that communicates between the storage chamber or the exterior and the reaction chamber. The reaction vessel is formed such that it is connectable to a liquid introducing section provided externally, and the liquid can be introduced into the reaction chamber by connecting to the liquid introducing section.

Abstract: Provided is a reaction vessel for a fuel cell, and more particularly to a reaction vessel exhibiting improved thermal efficiency, and a reaction device for a steam reforming reaction for a fuel cell. The reaction device includes a cylindrical reaction catalyst chamber on which a target reaction catalyst for a predetermined target reaction is disposed; and a tubular oxidation catalyst chamber surrounding the reaction catalyst chamber, comprising an oxidation reaction catalyst therein. The reaction device according features an increased contact area between catalyst and gas, and rapidly heating of the gas in contact with the catalyst to a desired reaction temperature.

Abstract: A method of fabricating silicon parts are provided herein. The method includes growing a silicon sample, machining the sample to form a part, and annealing the part by exposing the part sequentially to one or more gases. Process conditions during silicon growth and post-machining anneal are designed to provide silicon parts that are particularly suited for use in corrosive environments.

Abstract: Materials for making apparatus and a method of inhibiting polymerization during manufacture, purification, handling and storage of subject ethylenically unsaturated monomers are disclosed. In particular, copper or metals containing copper, in the presence of oxygen, have inhibit undesired polymerization resulting in polymer fouling in apparatus used during the manufacture, purification, handling and storage of the monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters. The copper or copper alloys as described herein, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, exhibit self-inhibiting surface characteristics when used to make at least a portion of the apparatus to inhibit polymerization of the monomers in contact with the portion of the apparatus including such copper-containing metal.

Abstract: A chemical processing apparatus that utilizes a ceramic media sintered at a lower temperature than the apparatus' maximum exposure temperature is described. The media's physical and chemical properties may contribute to its thermal stability when exposed to temperatures that exceed the media's sintering temperature by at least 50° C.

Abstract: A microfluidic reactor cartridge having glass capillary tubing wound in a coil and surrounded by a ceramic housing capable use in high temperatures and method for using same. In another embodiment, the microfluidic cartridge is a serpentine reactor cartridge with a serpentine microreactor channel formed in a ceramic housing. The serpentine reactor cartridge has an inlet tube attached to its inlet port and an outlet tube attached to its outlet port. The inlet port is a macro/micro interface and the outlet port is a micro/macro interface useful in gas phase reactions where solids must be used to produce a reactant. The method for using a microfluidic reactor cartridge includes two phases, the first phase for producing a radioactive labeled gas such as methyl iodide and the second phase is a methylation reaction.

Abstract: Insulating members are provided for use in nozzles of elevated temperature process vessels employing a structural metal shell (24), an insulating refractory lining (14) and a corrosion-resistant membrane (18) lining between the structural shell and refractory lining. The insulating members comprise pre-formed insulating sleeves and inserts and are made of a thermally insulating material having sufficient thickness and sufficiently low thermal conductivity such that, when the sleeve or insert is heated by the process temperature during operation of the vessel, the thermal energy transmitted through the sleeve or insert to the membrane is insufficient to raise the temperature of the membrane above a target temperature. The most preferred thermally insulating materials are fluoropolymers such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene) flouropolymer resins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for reducing the formation of metal catalyzed side-reaction byproducts formed in the feed vaporization and introduction system of a methanol to olefin reactor system by forming and/or coating one or more of the heating devices, feed lines or feed introduction nozzles of/with a material that is resistant to the formation of metal catalyzed side reaction byproducts. The invention also may include monitoring and/or maintaining the temperature of at least a portion of the feed vaporization and introduction system and/or of the feedstock contained therein below about 400° C., 350° C., 300° C., 250° C., 200° C. or below about 150° C. The temperature can be maintained in the desired range by jacketing at least a portion of the feed vaporization and introduction system, such as at least a portion of the feed introduction nozzle, with a thermally insulating material or by implementing a cooling system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic converter element having a plurality of essentially parallel channels through which gas flows during operation of the catalytic converter element. The channels are bordered by channel walls which have a catalytically active coating arranged thereon in at least some areas where it is exposed to the gas. In some channels the coating thus begins with an axial offset from the admission end. This allows an improved temperature management within the catalytic converter element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reforming apparatus made of LTCC and a manufacturing method therefor. The reforming apparatus includes an upper cover made of ceramic material, having a fuel inlet at one side thereof, and an evaporator made of ceramic layers formed integrally with the upper cover, having a flow path to gasify fuel introduced through the upper cover. In the reforming apparatus, a reformer made of ceramic layers is formed at one side of the evaporator, having a catalyst in a flow path thereof to reform fuel gas entering from the evaporator into hydrogen. A CO remover made of ceramic layers is formed integrally with the reformer, having a catalyst to remove CO from reformed gas entering from the reformer. A lower cover is formed integrally at one side of the CO remover, having a reformed gas outlet to emit the reformed gas to the outside.

Abstract: A unique, micro-miniature reaction chamber template structure is disclosed for the fabrication of nanoscale molecular systems and devices. The structure is composed of multiple layers of silicon (either doped or intrinsic), Pyrex and various metals. The silicon may or may not be totally or partially covered with silicon dioxide. The Pyrex is chosen to be suitable for field-assisted bonding to silicon and the various metal layers are selected for their adherence to silicon or Pyrex, as well as their conductivity and their chemical reactivity. The basis structure may contain a number of tubes or fluidic pipes of varying cross sections. The structure consists of a layer of silicon bonded to a layer of Pyrex, which is in turn bonded to another layer of silicon and therefore, there is a composite structure which consists of a laminate of silicon glass and silicon.

Abstract: A device has a reaction chamber with at least one feed inlet (5) and at least one evacuation outlet (10). An outside jacket (2a) that is resistant to internal pressure is positioned around the device and contains at least one module (44) through which a reagent and formed products circulate. The module (44) has walls (11) and (12) made of refractory material that are included in a sealed jacket (40). The sealed jacket (40) is connected by a flexible connection to the jacket (2a) and to a heat exchanger that is also linked to the module (44) and to the jacket (2a) by a flexible connection.

Abstract: The refractory protected, replaceable insert for a gasifier includes a replaceable floor edge insert that is formed with a predetermined mating profile that is complementary to a finished mating profile of the gasifier floor. The geometry of the mating profiles of the replaceable floor edge insert and the gasifier floor permit removable engagement between the floor edge insert and the mating profile of the gasifier floor. The replaceable floor edge insert is protected by a ring-like arrangement of hanging refractory bricks that each include an appendage. Each brick appendage covers a portion of the inner radial edge of the replaceable floor edge insert and also covers an upper surface portion of an underlying quench ring, thus prolonging the life of the floor and the quench ring. A refractory ceramic fiber paper can be provided between the hanging brick and the floor edge and quench ring.

Abstract: A fuel reformer for reforming hydrocarbon base fuel into hydrogen rich gas, with one embodiment comprised of material containing at least 15 to 25% by mass Cr, 8 to 35% by mass Ni, 2 to 4% by mass Si and the remainder Fe and inevitable impurities (C, Mn, P, S or others). The material provides sigma brittleness resistance and cementation resistance, and provides a reformer that is lightweight, low-cost, highly reliable and durable. A second embodiment adds to the composition 0.05 to 1% by mass Nb, providing improved oxidation resistance, cementation resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, with further improved reliability and durability.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas and facilitating a chemical reaction with the separated oxygen includes a mixed conducting membrane, a porous body, and a material for catalyzing the reaction. The mixed conducting membrane has respective oxidation and reduction surfaces and is made of a non-porous, gas-impermeable, solid material capable of simultaneously conducting oxygen ions and electrons. At least the membrane and the catalyzing material are non-reactive with each other or are physically separated from each other during oxygen separation and the chemical reaction. The apparatus can be embodied by tubes, and a plurality of such tubes can form part of a reaction vessel in which various chemical reactions can occur benefiting from the apparatus design.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for producing synthesis gas and higher hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons and molecular oxygen as well as the higher hydrocarbons produced by the disclosed methods and apparatus. The methods and apparatus disclosed utilize components comprising nickel and nickel alloys.

Abstract: Highly durable silica glass comprising silica having incorporated therein aluminum and at least one element (M) selected from group 2A elements, group 3A elements and group 4A elements of the periodic table. Preferably, the sum of aluminum and element (M) is at least 30 atomic % based on the amount of total metal elements in the silica glass, and the atomic ratio of aluminum to element (M) is in the range of 0.05 to 20. The silica glass has a high purity and exhibits enhanced durability while good processability and machinability, and reduced dusting property are kept, and the glass is suitable for members of a semiconductor production apparatus or liquid crystal display production apparatus using a halogenated gas and/or its plasma.

Abstract: A plasma reformer for the chemical reforming of gaseous mixtures of water and hydrocarbon fuels for producing hydrogen. The reformer contains a reaction chamber with outer lateral walls containing emitter electrodes and inner lateral walls containing collector electrodes. The emitter electrodes and collector electrodes form an electric circuit. There are a multiplicity of thin needle-like extrusions on the emitter electrode from which a profusion of high energy electrons are emitted. These high-energy electrons dissociate the hydrocarbon fuel through absorption and ionization emitting low energy electrons in the process. These low energy electrons cause dissociation of water. Thus, dissociation of hydrocarbon fuel acts to initiate dissociation of water. The molar ratio of water to hydrocarbon fuel in the input mixture for reactions, and therefor the production of hydrogen from water, increases with carbon number of the hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor for the gas-phase reaction of commercially available gases in the presence of an inert carrier gas to form product gas. The reactor has a streamlined, compact configuration and at least one solids collection and removal system downstream of the reactor, where solids are efficiently removed from the product gas stream, leaving high purity product gas. The removal system allows for a simple reactor design, which is easy to clean and operates continuously over longer periods of time.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation cartridge preferably includes a munitions casing, a hydrogen producing chemical reactant within the casing, and an outlet for releasing hydrogen produced in the casing. A portable hydrogen generator preferably includes a chamber for receiving a plurality of hydrogen generation cartridges, and control electronics for selectively operating the hydrogen generation cartridges in the chamber. The cartridges individually produce hydrogen under control of the control electronics.

Abstract: A reactor for generating moisture wherein ignition of hydrogen gas, backfire to the gas supply source side, the peeling off of the platinum coat catalyst layer inside are prevented more completely to further increase the safety of the reactor for generating moisture and wherein the dead space in the interior space is reduced to further reduce the size of the reactor shell.

Abstract: A cavity-preventing type reactor and a method for fabricating a preform for a plastic optical fiber using the same, wherein post-process charging of additional monomer or prepolymer into rotationally-induced central cavities is avoided by forming void-free plastic fibers using special geometric flow controllers combined with special materials combinations, pressures, and rotational techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing continuous flow chemical reactions such as oxidation, oxidative dehydrogenation and partial oxidation processes involving a reactor design characterized by controlled/optimized addition of a reactant with the objective of: (i) avoiding the explosion regime of the reactant mixture (e.g., hydrocarbon/oxidant mixture); (ii) maximizing the selectivity of the reaction to the desired product; (iii) limiting the reactor temperature gradient and therefore the threat of reaction runaway; and (iv) controlling the operating temperature of the reaction zone so that desirable temperature range is maintained over the entire zone.