Abstract: A carbon monoxide (CO) detection system is connected into an anesthesia gas delivery system. The system comprises, among other things, a CO sensor unit containing an inexpensive, replaceable sensor that detects the presence of CO in anesthesia, an in-line adapter that exposes the detection unit to the main stream of the gas and can be placed in a variety of different locations along the gas stream and a side-stream adapter for the removal and analysis of gas stream samples using a CO sensor unit outside of the main gas stream. There is also apparatus capable of measuring the response of the sensors to CO exposure, and data acquisition and a data processing unit for storing, processing and displaying the CO sensor response data. In a preferred embodiment there is a carbon monoxide detection system comprising a detection unit including a sensor unit and a measurement unit. The sensor unit detects carbon monoxide based on the change or rate of change of the optical characteristics of the sensor unit.

Abstract: A gas sensor has a gas sensing component which permits measurement of a change in optical absorption and, optionally also a change in electrical conductivity on exposure to an environment containing certain gases. The gas sensing component comprises a metal bis aromatic macrocycle which may be a new mixed rare earth metal bis tetrabenzoporphyrin or tetrabenzoazaporphyrin.

Abstract: There are described a simple examination method of infection with Helicobacter pylori possibly presenting in a gastric mucosa, and a device therefor. The examination is conducted by collecting gas in gastric cavity, and measuring mainly ammonia and additionally organic amines which are generated due to activities of the bacilli. The measurement is carried out by leading the gas in gastric cavity into oral cavity by vomiting-reflex, and sucking the gas by a metering suction pump through a gas detection tube to read-out a length of color-changed area in the gas detection tube.

Abstract: A holder for a test tube with a test robe tip that can be opened, with a tube, which accommodates the test tube at least partially, and whose tube end has a projection pointing toward the test tube tip in the area of the test tube tip. The handling steps needed to open the test tube are reduced by providing a projection beginning from the tube end, with a cross-sectional area decreasing continuously over at least a section. A displacement zone is provided between the projection and the test tube in such a manner that the projection can be brought into contact with the test tube tip upon pressure on the tube end.

Abstract: A detecting agent for hydride gases (arsine, phosphine, silane, diborane, selenium hydride etc.) which comprises at least one member selected from molybdic acid, a salt thereof, a molybdenum-containing acid (molybdophosphoric acid, etc.) and a salt thereof, and optionally a cupric salt each as a discoloring component being supported on an inorganic carrier (silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia, etc.). The above detecting agent can detect the above hydride gases contained in the exhaust gas discharged from a semiconductor manufacturing process, with high accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity at a high discoloring rate without being influenced by other gases such as hydrogen gas.

Abstract: There is presented a time-temperature indicator method for determining lelity of high-temperature food processing using a capsule comprising a cylindrical tube having a closed end and an open end, a cap for connection to and removal from the open end to close and open the tube, and a solution in the tube which is reactive to accumulated temperature and time exposure to fluoresce proportionally to the accumulated temperature and time exposure. There is further presented a time-temperature indicator system including the above capsule, a pipetting device for removing the solution from the capsule, and a spectrofluorometer for indicating the fluorescence of the solution, said fluorescence being directly correlatable to the time-temperature integral F.sub.0 by linear regression. There is still further presented methods for determining when food processed under high temperature conditions attains a selected low level of microbial population, the methods utilizing, respectively, the above systems.

Abstract: A tracking and identification card for an air filter specimen, the card having a sheet-like base with a substantially flat support surface for supporting the specimen, the base having a substantially uniform thickness of from about 3 to about 20 mil, and having a focus axis oriented substantially normal to the support surface, a locator area on the support surface and provided with contact adhesive for adhesively holding the specimen in a particular position on the support surface upon contact of the specimen with the adhesive, a sheet-like cover in contact with and substantially overlying the adhesive, the cover being readily removable for exposing the adhesive and allowing the specimen to be placed in contact therewith, and indicia markings on the base for interfacing with an indicia reader for tracking the location and identity of the card within an air monitoring system.

Abstract: Devices useful to monitor whether or not an article has been exposed to sterilizing conditions are provided and comprise a package and an indicator associated with the package. The package is sufficiently permeable to admit sterilizing gas or vapor into the package. The indicator associated with the package changes color from a first color (indicating ambient conditions) to a second color (indicating exposure to acidic gas or vapor). Both the first and second colors of the indicator are stable and preferably substantially maintain their colors under ambient conditions. Particularly, preferred embodiments are adapted for use with peracetic acid sterilization processes.

Abstract: A method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A fluorescent redox indicator, preferably riboflavin, is dispersed in a carrier and placed on an impermeable substrate. The article to be measured is placed adjacent to the carrier. Residual oxygen is removed, the redox indicator is photoreduced, the article and carrier are exposed to oxygen, and the indicator is exposed to UV light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric luminophores which contain ruthenium, osmium, and rhenium complexes covalently attached to polymer matrices. The polymeric luminophores are capable of having their luminescence quenched by molecular oxygen and may be coated on optical fibers to form sensing elements to detect oxygen in gases and fluids.

Abstract: A pressurized air tank air quality tester comprising a housing having a longitudinal bore disposed therein. The housing has at least one closure disposed on at least one of the ends of the housing for sealing the housing and forming an airtight test chamber therein. A valve connector is connected to one of the ends of the housing for fluidly communicating the pressurized air source with the test chamber. An indicating cartridge is removably disposed within the test chamber for indicating by color an excessive amount of a contaminant contained within the test chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating the presence of CO and oil in a compressed breathing air supply provided in a tank. An indicator contains a substance which undergoes an observable physical change when exposed to a contaminant. The indicator is activated and placed in a housing and connected to the air supply and the indicator observed. In a preferred embodiment, the indicator is a single use indicator and contains an indicating gel in a glass tube which is opened by breaking at the time of use. Appropriate reference indicia are provided so the user may visually determine the contaminant level.

Abstract: A medical specimen collection system includes a blood specimen collection subsystem including a blood specimen card. The blood specimen card comprises a blotter-type absorbent material with locations for receiving blood droplets. A humidity-indicating pouch comprising, for example, a cobalt chloride composition applied to blotter-type absorbent substrate is mounted on the blood specimen card in fluidic communication therewith. The humidity-indicating patch changes color in response to changing moisture levels. The blood specimen card must have less than a predetermined moisture content for processing of the samples thereon. The system can comprise a prepackaged kit which also includes a urine specimen collection subsystem and a labeling/mailing subsystem with adhesive labels and a mailing envelope.

Abstract: A stabilized bio-inert sensor for the determination of an analyte, especially pO.sub.2, pCO.sub.2 and pH, in a medium which comprises a chemical indicator sensitive to the analyte in association with a stabilizing substrate formed from a polymer which is inert to the medium and analyte and does not affect the sensitivity of the indicator, which polymer is a cross-linked, solid silicone rubber formed from a silicone carbinol having a molecular structure compatible with said indicator.

Abstract: In a device for determining the concentration of a reagent from a group consisting of gases with acid or alkaline reaction in aqueous environments, and volatile acids and bases in liquid or gaseous samples, a sample chamber is situated in a housing and a unit for pH measurement with a reaction space is separated from the sample chamber by an ion-impermeable, gas-permeable membrane. The feeding of the reaction space with buffer solution is facilitated by connecting the reaction space by means of an ion-permeable channel to a reservoir for a buffer solution located outside of the pH measuring unit.

Abstract: Apparatus for chemical detection includes a cap for coupling with a sample vial containing a sample. The sample includes at least one chemical to be detected. The cap includes a reagent vial which contains a liquid reagent. The reagent vial includes a membrane which substantially retains the liquid reagent and which is substantially permeable to the chemical to be detected. The reagent vial can be opened to allow the chemical to permeate and enter the reagent vial and closed to substantially prevent the chemical from permeating the membrane and entering the reagent vial. In some embodiments, the reagent vial is opened and closed by movement of the reagent vial. In some other embodiments, the reagent vial remains stationary while a device moves to open and close the stationary reagent vial.

Abstract: The invention is directed to biological processes and apparatus for determining the efficacy of a sterilization cycle based upon the recovery of activity of interactive enzyme systems comprising enzymes, coenzymes, catalysts, cofactors, substrates or any other necessary reagents. The invention provides a vital process for expediting sterility verification before utilization of the articles thought to be sterilized. The invention involves the rapid detection of any surviving interactive enzymatic activity which directly relates to the probability of any biological spores surviving in a test sample. An absence of a change indicates that the sterilization process had inactivated the enzyme system thereby preventing the interactive reaction from taking place which is a rapid equivalent to directly detecting the survivability of bacterial spores in a similar test.

Abstract: The detector which provides a detectable indication of the presence of an elevated proportion of carbon dioxide compared to that in normal ambient air, comprises a substrate coated by an intimate mixture of a transparent plasticised polymer vehicle, and an indicator material which undergoes a color change on exposure to carbon dioxide. The indicator material comprises an anionic fluorimetric dye and a lipophilic organic quaternary cation.

Abstract: Hemiacetals are disclosed which correspond to the following formula II ##STR1## in which R' is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residue,Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic residue andX.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo and nitro, wherein however at least one of said substituents has to be selected from the stated halo atoms or nitro. The hemiacetals are formed reversibly from an alcohol and a corresponding keto compound and the hemiacetals of formula II differ from the corresponding keto compounds as to their light absorption in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared range, or a fluorescence or luminescence is created or quenched when the keto compound is converted into the hemiacetal of formula II. Said reaction can be performed in sensors which are used for the optical determination of alcohols.

Abstract: A method for reading and analyzing a diffusion-cell colorimetric exposimeter for making a quantitative determination of the time-weighted average (TWA) exposure to airborne gases or vapors. The diffusion cell is optically scanned to form color video signal data representative of the primary color components of the image formed from the reaction of the chromophoric reagent and pollutant. The data is converted to digital data and processed to compute exposure for a given pollutant gas as a function of color intensity for at least one of the primary color components.

Abstract: An analytical device determines the analytes in a liquid sample. This device includes a layer of flat material which has a sample application area and a detection area thereupon. The detection area includes a reagent for determining the analyte, and the absorbent sample application area and the absorbent detection area are disposed within a liquid impermeable boundary. The layer of flat material also includes an absorbent connector which is disposed such that the sample application area and the detection area are connected by the absorbent connector. The liquid impermeable boundary and the absorbent connector prevents liquid from being transported between the sample application area and the detection area, except through the absorbent connector.

Abstract: Apparatus employing vapochromic materials in the form of inorganic double complex salts which change color reversibly when exposed to volatile organic compound (VOC) vapors is adapted for VOC vapor detection, VOC aqueous matrix detection, and selective VOC vapor detection. The basic VOC vapochromic sensor is incorporated in various devices such as a ground probe sensor, a wristband sensor, a periodic sampling monitor, a soil/water penetrometer, an evaporative purge sensor, and various vacuum-based sensors which are particularly adapted for reversible/reusable detection, remote detection, continuous monitoring, or rapid screening of environmental remediation and waste management sites. The vapochromic sensor is used in combination with various fiber optic arrangements to provide a calibrated qualitative and/or quantitative indication of the presence of VOCs.

Abstract: A gas indicator (11) for a modified atmosphere food package (19) comprises a series of strips (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) which progressively change colour as the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere progressively changes in magnitude due to absorption of the carbon dioxide by the food product (17) over time. The indicator (11) thus is "tuned" to indicate changing atmospheric conditions inside a see-through envelope (10) and thus the condition of the product (17) can be monitored and the package (19) is tamper evident.

Abstract: A rapid method of determining the efficacy of a sterilization cycle, and an indicator adapted to perform such method, comprising subjecting to the sterilization cycle a source of active enzyme having activity which correlates with the viability of a microorganism commonly used to monitor sterilization, and incubating the enzyme source, following the completion of the sterilization cycle, with an effective amount of a substrate system capable of reacting with any residual active enzyme to produce a detectable enzyme-modified product.

Abstract: An air contamination detector for a scuba unit includes a transparent tube having a lumen, the lumen being user visible for a full 360.degree. about its circumference. A contamination indicator is positioned within the lumen and is exposed to air flow from the air supply of the scuba unit. The contamination indicator is responsive to a contaminant to manifest a change that is visible through the transparent tube. A quick connect/disconnect air connection is affixed to one end of the transparent tube and mates with a low pressure fitting that communicates with the scuba air tanks. A further quick connect/disconnect air filling is positioned at another end of the transparent tube and is connectable to a hose that provides air inlet control for a buoyancy control vest.

Abstract: One or more reaction zones are formed as channels in a carrier. Each reaction zone is lined with a color indicator and the carrier is improved in that a coating of the reaction zone is realized wherein the coatings are individually changeable and the coating is easily carried out with uniform coating density and, if required, with different indicators. This is achieved with a carrier which is configured as a sandwich-like composite foil which includes a reagent carrier foil which, in turn, is made of a special plastic material. This plastic material can be perfluoroethylene propylene (FEF) which is surface treated by a corona discharge and is then known as FEPc. An especially advantageous embodiment for the reaction zones on the reaction carrier foil is that the reaction partners are applied to the reagent carrier foil in the form of a point matrix applied by a microdrop generator.

Abstract: A test slide (10) for performing diagnostic tests for detecting the presence of cells, their enzymes, metabolites and other cellular derivatives. The test slide (10) comprises a support strip (14), a coating (34) comprising a carrier and a diagnostic reagent disposed on the support strip (14), and a mount (12) comprising a front wall (18) and a rear wall (20). The coating (34) has the properties of being dry and stable, and water soluble. Further, the coating (34) and the diagnostic reagent are capable of rehydration. The support strip (14) is disposed between the front wall (18) and the rear wall (20) of the mount (12). Both the front (18) and rear (20) walls can have coinciding openings (28,28a) that overlie the support strip (14) thereby allowing spectroscopic, visual and microscopic examination of the support strip (14).

Abstract: A solid state optical sensor for CO has a sensing material which includes a molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium color forming agent; a palladium, ruthenium or osmium catalyst; and an iron, chromium or cesium reversing agent. A redox property modifier and/or an interference suppressing agent may also be included. The chemistry is contained in a polymer embedding matrix, with permeation enhancer, if required. Solubility of the chemistry in the polymer matrix is enhanced by lipophilic counterions. The matrix with embedded sensing chemistry is coated on an optical substrate to form an optical transducer.

Abstract: A porous cellulose tape impregnated with powdered silica or other gas adsorbent carries a coloring reagent of silver perchlorate or silver para-toluenesulfonate and a light-resistance enhancer of para-toluenesulfonic acid which are dissolved in glycol. When the tape is exposed to a sample gas, the silane contained in it dissolves in the glycol. The resulting reduction of the silver perchlorate or silver para-toluenesulfonate forms a colloid of silver as a trace of their reaction. The concentration of silane, which is proportional to the colloid of silver formed, can be determined by measuring the optical concentration of the reaction trace. The absence of strong acid detrimental to cellulose assures the determination of silane concentration with a high degree of sensitivity, without impairing the mechanical strength in the cellulose tape.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the flow of matter passing through a boundary surface, which is provided with at least one sensing layer corresponding to the boundary surface, and presents a known or predetermined, finite resistance to the material flow, and wherein an optical indicator is provided in the sensing layer for obtaining a first measured value of a quantity dependent on the mean concentration of matter in the sensing layer, and wherein a second measured value of this quantity is known on one side of the sensing layer, or can be determined by means of another optical indicator provided in a second sensing layer, and, further, wherein an evaluation unit is provided for inferring the material flow from the difference of the two values measured.

Abstract: Hemiacetals are disclosed which correspond to the following formula II ##STR1## in which R' is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residue,Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic residue andX.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo and nitro, wherein however at least one of said substituents has to be selected from the stated halo atoms or nitro. The hemiacetals are formed reversibly from an alcohol and a corresponding keto compound and the hemiacetals of formula II differ from the corresponding keto compounds as to their light absorption in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared range, or a fluorescence or luminescence is created or quenched when the keto compound is converted into the hemiacetal of formula II. Said reaction can be performed in sensors which are used for the optical determination of alcohols.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing refrigerant of one type for contamination by refrigerant of another type as would be the case if an air conditioning or refrigeration system charged with a non-chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant received a replenishment charge of a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant. A sample of the suspected refrigerant mix is exposed to a reagent that will decompose the contaminant refrigerant but not the refrigerant that is proper for the system. The sample is then tested for a product of the decomposition. If the product is present, then one can conclude that the contaminant refrigerant is present.

Abstract: A direct-read exposimeter for providing a visual, graded measurement of color variation corresponding to different ranges of dosage exposure to a polluting gas in the atmosphere over a given time period. The exposimeter includes a color-forming member and at least one gas-diffusion control member within an enclosure formed between a base and a cover. The cover has a number of openings exposed to the atmosphere in alignment with a number of separate diffusion zones formed in the gas-diffusion control member.

Abstract: A molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium salt-palladium, ruthenium or osmium salt solution for CO detection is made reversible by addition of ferric, chromium (VI) or cerium (IV) ion. The system is made more CO specific by adding an interference control salt which forms white or colorless precipitates with interfering species. The operational and shelf life are extended by a mixture of counterions; the acetate counterion is particularly useful.

Abstract: A device for determining the levels of a predetermined substance in a predetermined volume of a fluid has an inner tube, a mass in the inner tube of a material that changes properties when exposed to the substance so that when the fluid passes through the mass the substance changes, an outer protective tube surrounding the inner tube and having an open end, a frangible seal sheet covering the open outer-tube end, and a test element having an end pierceable through the sheet and fittable with an end of the inner tube. Thus to install the cartridge formed by the inner tube and its contents on the test element, same is merely poked through the seal to simultaneously open the package and fit over the inner tube.

Abstract: A test kit for determining the `total compost life`, and chemical stability of a moist compost sample, includes a transparent container for holding the compost sample, and a reactant mass, located within the container in the space not occupied by the compost sample. The reactant mass includes a pH basic reactant material, and a color change indicator material, responsive to pH changes in the atmosphere within the container. After the moist compost sample is charged into the container, the container is sealed and allowed to remain undisturbed for a prescribed time period, e.g., about three (3) hours. During this time, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and volatile organic acids are emitted from the sample into the space surrounding the chemically reactant mass. The pH basic reactant chemically reacts with the emitted carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), in ionic form, or the emitted volatile organic acids, so as to produce a color change. The nature of the color change is an indication of the carbon dioxide (CO.sub.

Abstract: A method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A fluorescent redox indicator, preferably riboflavin, is dispersed in a carrier and placed on an impermeable substrate. The article to be measured is placed adjacent to the carrier. Residual oxygen is removed, the redox indicator is photoreduced, the article and carrier are exposed to oxygen, and the indicator is exposed to UV light.

Abstract: A detecting device in the form of a testing tube or dosimeter having a carrier indicating a color reaction requires a reagent liquid for carrying out a measurement. The reagent liquid is contained in a separate reagent supply vessel and the carrier is impregnated with a color indicator. For carrying out a measurement, the reagent supply from the supply vessel must be brought into contact with the porous carrier. A uniform wetting of the surface of the carrier subjected to the reagent solution is achieved after the reagent solution is emptied from the supply vessel. This is achieved by providing a reagent collection chamber between the carrier and the reagent supply vessel into which the reagent solution pours when the supply vessel is opened and wherein the reagent solution is accommodated and into which the carrier extends so that its end face is subjected to the reagent solution so that this end face can be wetted at the same time.

Abstract: A molybdenum salt-palladium salt solution for CO detection is made reversible by addition of ferric ion. The system is made more CO specific by adding an interference control salt which forms white or colorless precipitates with interfering species. The operational and shelf life are extended by a mixture of counterions; the acetate counterion is particularly useful.

Abstract: Payload customers for the Space Shuttle have recently expressed concerns about the possibility of their payloads at an adjacent pad being contaminated by plume effluents from a shuttle at an active pad as they await launch on an inactive pad. As part of a study to satisfy such concerns a ring of inexpensive dosimeters was deployed around the active pad at the inter-pad distance. However, following a launch, dosimeters cannot be read for several hours after the exposure. As a consequence factors such as different substrates, solvent systems, and possible volatilization of HCl from the badges were studied. This observation led to the length of stain (LOS) dosimeters of this invention. Commercial passive LOS dosimeters are sensitive only to the extent of being capable of sensing 2 ppm to 20 ppm if the exposure is 8 hours. To map and quantitate the HCl generated by Shuttle launches, and in the atmosphere within a radius of 1.

Abstract: A photometric detector is used to detect the presence of organic solvent vapors in the air. The detector need only be exposed to the air in the area to be tested. The optical density, i.e. darkness of the color of the detector determines the cumulative amount of solvent vapor exposure and the rate at which the dark color develops determines the concentration of solvent vapors in the air. This method can be used to quickly and easily test for harmful levels of toxic organic solvent vapors in the workplace or elsewhere.

Abstract: In a chemiluminescent analyzer for measuring a concentration of an object gas in a sample gas by mixing the sample gas with 5 a reaction gas and measuring light generated in a chemical reaction between the object gas and the reaction gas, the two gases flow through a double tube composed of an outer tube and an inner tube, and are mixed at the end of the tubes. The end of the inner tube is closed, and one or more outlets are provided at the side wall of the inner tube near the closed end. The flow of the gas coming out of the inner tube through the outlet or outlets crosses the flow of the gas in the outer tube, which enhances the mixture of the two gases and increases the chance of reaction between the object gas and the reaction gas.

Abstract: A method determines the concentration of a chemical of interest in a solution. A permeable membrane is placed in the solution and a ligand is exuded through the membrane to continually renew the ligand at the surface of the membrane which is in contact with the solution. Complexes of the ligand with the chemicals of interest are formed where the ligand renewed membrane is in contact with the solution. Illuminating the ligand renewed membrane with radiation from a distance from the membrane induces a fluorescence by the formed complexes on the ligand renewed membrane by the illuminating radiation. The fluorescence from the illuminated complexes on the ligand renewed membrane are detected from a distance from the membrane to provide a determination of the concentration of the chemical of interest in the solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides fiber optic sensors, apparatus, methods of optical detection, and methods of sensor manufacture for detection of organic analytes having a fixed polarity. The sensor requires an optical fiber strand; an immobilized polarity-sensitive dye; and an immobilized polymeric material which not only contains the polarity-sensitive dye but also absorbs and partitions the organic analyte of interest.

Abstract: A unitary sterility indicator and a method for its use, the indicator comprising an outer container having liquid impermeable and gas non-absorptive walls, and having a gas-transmissive, bacteria impermeable opening therein; contained within the outer container, a detectable amount of a source of active enzyme and/or another microorganism commonly used to monitor sterilization; a sealed, openable gas and liquid impermeable inner container containing an aqueous medium and/or a nutrient growth medium, disposed in the outer container; an enzyme substrate system capable of reacting with active enzyme to produce a detectable enzyme-modified product and/or a detector material sensitive to microorganism growth, contained in one of the containers; and means contained within the outer container for restricting the area in which enzyme-modified product and/or growing microorganisms are contained, after the inner container is opened, to an area which is less than the volume of aqueous solution contained in the inner con

Abstract: A double face safety badge having indicia on its first face regarding the personal and medical history of the user, and labelled on the second face that has indicia thereon pertaining to the emergency site attended by the user. Removal of the label from the second face exposes a plurality of toxic gas indicator strips. The strips indicate to the user, or other person, an exposure to toxic gas. The label, when placed in a predetermined place, indicates the general location of a firefighter at an emergency site.

Abstract: A holder for use with a refrigerant purity sampling tube is provided with a base and two end fittings. The end fittings are adapted to establish a releasably fluid tight relationship with the opposite ends of a sampling tube. One end fitting is fixed to the base and the other is slideably mounted for movement toward and away from the fixed fitting. A spring biases the movable end fitting toward a fixed fitting. Movement of the movable fitting against the biasing force allows removal and insertion of a sampling tube. When a new tube is inserted, the biasing force assures fluid tight engagement with the seal.

Abstract: A method of cleaning atmosphere gas used in manufacturing high-purity fine particles of reactive metals comprises the steps of: letting the moisture existing in the atmosphere gas condense into dew droplets using a cryogenic cooling medium; removing the moisture defined by the dew droplets through dissociation by letting it react with metallic Na that has been brought into contact with the dew droplets; generating a vapor of metallic Na in the atmosphere gas so as to remove the moisture still persisting in the atmosphere gas; further removing through dissociation the moisture still persisting in the atmosphere gas by letting it react with Na vapor that has been generated and dispersed into the atmosphere gas; letting the atmosphere gas cleaned of moisture come into contact with black barium powder; and detecting the presence of moisture in the atmosphere gas through a change in color of the black barium powder.

Abstract: A gas testing apparatus of the type that directs a stream of gas to be tested through a tube containing reagent chemicals. The apparatus has a connector fitting to enable it to be connected to a closed system containing the gas to be tested, a base member having an orifice that reduces the pressure of the gas delivered to the testing tube to near atmospheric, a sliding cover that encloses the testing tube when it is positioned in the holder, and a rising stem indicator that indicates that gas flow has commenced through the tube. The apparatus also has tube seat seals for insuring that all gas entering the apparatus must flow through and not bypass the testing tube.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a testing and measuring device for colorimetrically detecting gases on a carrier which is impregnated with a solution of a moisture store and a detecting indicator. The testing and measuring device is improved in that the moisture on the indicator carrier needed for the detecting reaction is maintained over a longer time span during storage in the unused condition as well as during measurement under the action of the gaseous substance to be detected. For this purpose, the impregnating solution is composed of the detecting indicator and a mixture of sulfolane and diethylphthalate as a moisture store. For measuring hydride gases, the indicator comprises a palladium tetramine chloride. The impregnating solution is applied to a paper carrier or to a granular silica gel carrier.