Abstract: Nanocrystals comprising organic ligands at surfaces of the plurality of nanocrystals are provided. The organic ligands are removed from the surfaces of the nanocrystals using a solution comprising a trialkyloxonium salt in a polar aprotic solvent. The removal of the organic ligands causes the nanocrystals to become naked nanocrystals with cationic surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of producing a lanthanum carbonate hydroxide or lanthanum oxycarbonate which has improved properties. The method involves the use of a water soluble lanthanum and a water soluble non-alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate. The resulting material can be used as a phosphate binder individually or for treating patients with hyperphosphatemia.

Abstract: Rare earth metal compounds, particularly lanthanum, cerium, and yttrium, are formed as porous particles and are effective in binding metals, metal ions, and phosphate. A method of making the particles and a method of using the particles is disclosed. The particles may be used in the gastrointestinal tract or the bloodstream to remove phosphate or to treat hyperphosphatemia in mammals. The particles may also be used to remove metals from fluids such as water.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode catalyst including an active complex including a cerium (Ce)-nitrogen (N) bond and having an oxygen reduction activity of at least 1 milliampere per square centimeter at 0.5 volts versus a reversible hydrogen electrode.

Abstract: In one aspect the disclosure is directed to a method for inexpensively producing a Y2O3 nano-powder material, thereby facilitating the increased utilization of the material in different commercial application. In another aspect the disclosure is directed to Y2O3 nano-powder composite materials consisting of Y2O3 and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, BeO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, HfO2, YbO2, GdO2, Lu2O3 and additional rare earth oxides.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: A method for reducing a friction coefficient adjacent a lubricated surface, and a lubricant composition for reducing a friction coefficient between lubricated surfaces. The method includes providing an amount of metal-containing dispersed in a fully formulated lubricant composition containing a base oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particles size ranging from about 1 to about 10 nanometers. The lubricant composition containing the metal-containing nanoparticles is applied to a surface to be lubricated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent substance excellent both in quantum efficiency and in temperature characteristics, and also provides a light-emitting device utilizing the fluorescent substance. This fluorescent substance contains an inorganic compound comprising a metal element M, a trivalent element M1 other than the metal element M, a tetravalent element M2 other than the metal element M, and either or both of O and N. In the inorganic compound, the metal element M is partly replaced with a luminescence center element R. The crystal structure of the fluorescent substance is basically the same as Sr3Al3Si13O2N21, but the chemical bond lengths of M1-N and M2-N are within the range of ±15% based on those of Al—N and Si—N calculated from the lattice constants and atomic coordinates of Sr3Al3Si13O2N21, respectively. The fluorescent substance emits luminescence having a peak in the range of 490 to 580 nm when excited with light of 250 to 500 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method of making chalcogenide glasses including holding the melt in a vertical furnace to promote homogenization and mixing; slow cooling the melt at less than 10° C. per minute; and sequentially quenching the melt from the top down in a controlled manner. Additionally, the present invention provides for the materials produced by such method. The present invention is also directed to a process for removing oxygen and hydrogen impurities from chalcogenide glass components using dynamic distillation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a metal hydroxide fine particle, which can produce metal hydroxide fine particles with favorable crystallinity and small particle sizes. The present invention provides a method for producing a metal hydroxide fine particle by reacting a metal ion with a hydroxide ion in a solvent, which includes a mixing and reacting step of supplying the metal ion, the hydroxide ion, and a silane coupling agent to a reaction field to mix and react the ions.

Abstract: A cerium based particle composition comprises: 50-90% by weight of cerium oxide, and at least 10% by weight of lanthanum oxide. The method to prepare the particle composition comprises: one or more water soluble salts of transition metal elements and/or alkaline metal elements are mixed with CeLaCl3 solution; the mixed solution is precipitated with carbonate(s) and/or hydroxide(s) to obtain rare earth carbonate(s) doped by said one or more transition metal elements and/or alkaline metal elements; the carbonate(s) is calcined and crushed to obtain the said particle composition. The said composition can be mixed with water, optionally at the presence of additive(s), in order to obtain an abrasive for polishing glass for liquid crystal display and hard recording medium, particularly in the use of polishing glass substrate industry.

Abstract: A tri-band phosphor material having reduced Tb and/or Eu content is disclosed, together with methods for preparing and using the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to partially ordered and ordered oxynitride perovskites of the general formula ABO2N that are polar insulators. A comprises one or more cations or set of cations that sit in sites derived from the A-site in the perovskite structure. B comprises one or more cations or set of cations that sit in sites derived from the B-site in the perovskite structure. C comprises oxygen, O, with optionally some nitrogen, N, and D comprises N, with optionally some O. The total valence of the cations A+B is equal to the total valence of the anions 2 C+D. Also disclosed are methods of producing such oxynitride perovskites and uses of such oxynitride perovskites.

Abstract: Rare earth metal compounds, particularly lanthanum, cerium, and yttrium, are formed as porous particles and are effective in binding metals, metal ions, and phosphate. A method of making the particles and a method of using the particles is disclosed. The particles may be used in the gastrointestinal tract or the bloodstream to remove phosphate or to treat hyperphosphatemia in mammals. The particles may also be used to remove metals from fluids such as water.

Abstract: A dental curable composition that allows easily identifying the presence of the dental curable composition in an oral cavity is provided. A dental visible-light curable composition contains a fluorescent substance that generates fluorescence when irradiated with visible light. The fluorescent substance is a compound of formula A3B2C3O12 containing Ce, absorbs visible light with a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 380 to 500 nm, and generates fluorescence with a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 550 to 780 nm. In formula A3B2C3O12, A, B, and C are a dodecahedral eight-coordinate Y element, an octahedral six-coordinate Al element, and a tetrahedral four-coordinate Al element, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline cerium oxide prepared in a simple, economical, and efficient manner, of which crystal structure, shape, and size can be easily adjusted and that exhibits excellent polishing properties, and a preparation method thereof. The crystalline cerium oxide can be prepared as sub-micron crystalline cerium oxide that has a mean volume diameter and a diameter standard deviation within a predetermined range.

Abstract: Nanostructured manganese-containing compositions having reduced manganese dissolution and methods of making and using the same are provided. In one embodiment, a composition of matter comprises a nanostructured oxide or hydroxide doped with Mn4+. The composition of matter can be made by forming a nanostructured oxide or hydroxide material doped with Mn3+ and oxidizing the Mn3+ to Mn4+ to reduce dissolution of the manganese in the nanostructured oxide or hydroxide material. In another embodiment, a method of reducing dissolution of manganese present in a nanostructured MnO2 material comprises: doping a nanostructured MnO2 material with Fe3+ to reduce the dissolution of the manganese.

Abstract: The invention includes a plasma etch-resistant film for a substrate comprising a yttria material wherein at least a portion of the yttria material is in a crystal phase having a crystal lattice structure, wherein at least 50% of the yttria material is in a form of a monoclinic crystal system. The film may be treated by exposure to a fluorine gas plasma. Also included are plasma etch-resistant articles that include a substrate and a film, wherein the film comprises an yttria material and at least a portion of the yttria material is present in the film in a crystal phase having a crystal lattice structure and at least 50% of the yttria material is in a form of a monoclinic crystal system. Several methods are contemplated within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Monosubstituted oxalic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) [A]+[O—C(O)—C(O)—O—X???(I) Wherein the meaning is for [A]+ a cation made from an organic moiety A having a formally positively charged heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur X is a C1 to C30 organic residue and wherein the following compounds (I) are disclaimed: Tetramethylammonium monomethyloxalate Methyltri(alkyl)ammonium monomethyloxalate Trimethyl(1-hydroxyethyl)ammonium monomethyloxalate Methyltriethylammonium monomethyloxalate Tetraethylammonium monomethyloxalate n-Propyltriethylammonium mono-n-propyloxalate n-Butyltriethylammonium mono-n-butyloxalate Benzyltriethylammonium monobenzyloxalate cyclohexyldimethylammonium monomethyloxalate Dimethyl-phenylammonium monomethyloxalate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a transparent sesquioxide sintered body by which a transparent M2O3 type sesquioxide sintered body can be manufactured. A powder including particles of an oxide of at least one rare earth element selected from Y, Sc or lanthanide elements and Zr oxide particles is prepared as a raw material powder, wherein in the particle size distribution of the rare earth element oxide particles, or in the particle size distribution of secondary particles in the case where the rare earth element oxide particles are agglomerated to form the secondary particles, the particle diameter D2.5 value at which the cumulative particle amount from the minimum particle size side is 2.5% based on the total particle amount is in the range from 180 nm to 2000 nm, inclusive. The raw material powder is press molded into a predetermined shape, followed by sintering.

Abstract: A mixed powder was prepared by weighing Yb2O3 and SrCO3 in such a way that the molar ratio became 1:1. The resulting mixed powder was subjected to uniaxial pressure forming, so as to produce a disc-shaped compact. The compact was heat-treated in an air atmosphere, so that a complex oxide was synthesized. The resulting complex oxide was pulverized. After the pulverization, a slurry was taken out and was dried in a nitrogen gas stream, so as to produce a synthesized powder material. The resulting synthesized powder material was subjected to uniaxial pressure forming, so as to produce a disc-shaped compact. The resulting compact was fired by a hot-press method, so as to obtain a corrosion-resistant member for semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. The resulting corrosion-resistant member was made from a SrYb2O4.

Abstract: Improved recyclability of phosphors in fluorescent lamps is provided. A fluorescent lamp is constructed with phosphor particles having a specific surface area less than a certain predetermined value. During recycling, these phosphor particles are more readily separated from the basing cement used in such fluorescent lamp. A method is also provided by which such phosphors are more readily separated from the basing cement.

Abstract: Initially, an Yb2O3 raw material was subjected to uniaxial pressure forming at a pressure of 200 kgf/cm2, so that a disc-shaped compact having a diameter of about 35 mm and a thickness of about 10 mm was produced, and was stored into a graphite mold for firing. Subsequently, firing was performed by using a hot-press method at a predetermined firing temperature (1,500° C.), so as to obtain a corrosion-resistant member for semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. The press pressure during firing was specified to be 200 kgf/cm2 and an Ar atmosphere was kept until the firing was finished. The retention time at the firing temperature (maximum temperature) was specified to be 4 hours. In this manner, the corrosion-resistant member for semiconductor manufacturing apparatus made from an Yb2O3 sintered body having an open porosity of 0.2% was obtained.

Abstract: A method for making a metal oxide material and catalyzing the oxidative coupling of methane, including mixing a metal cation-containing oxidizer portion and a reducing fuel portion with water to define an aqueous solution, evaporatively removing water from the aqueous solution to yield a concentrated liquid, burning the concentrated liquid yield an homogeneous metal oxide powder, flowing methane from a first source and oxygen from a second source over the homogeneous metal oxide powder, and catalyzing an oxidative coupling of methane reaction with the homogeneous metal oxide powder. The homogeneous metal oxide powder contains metal oxides selected from the group including LaSrAlO4, LaAlO3, Sr3Al2O6, Na2WO4—Mn/SiO2, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a set of multi-doped cerium-activated scintillation materials of the solid solutions on the basis of the rare earth silicate, comprising lutetium and having compositions represented by the chemical formulas: (Lu2?w?x+2yAwCexSi1?y)1?zMexJjOq and (Lu2?w?x?2yAwCexSi1+y)1?zMezJjOq. The invention is useful for detection of elementary particles and nuclei in high-energy physics, nuclear industry; medicine, Positron Emission Tomography (TOF PET and DOI PET scanners) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography with Magnetic Resonance imaging (PET/MR); X-ray computer fluorography; non-destructive testing of solid state structure, including airport security systems, the Gamma-ray systems for the inspection of trucks and cargo containers.

Abstract: Provided are resin-based and metal-based anti-thermally-expansive members each having small thermal expansion. More specifically, provided are an anti-thermally-expansive resin and an anti-thermally-expansive metal, each including a resin or a metal having a positive linear expansion coefficient at 20° C. and a solid particle dispersed in the resin or metal, in which the solid particle includes at least an oxide represented by the following general formula (1): (Bi1-xMx)NiO3??(1), where M represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, and In; and x represents a numerical value of 0.02?x?0.15.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a process for production of an oxynitride fluorescent substance. In the process, a compound represented by the formula: (Sr,Eu)2Si5N8, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride are mixed and then fired in a nitrogen atmosphere under high pressure.

Abstract: Monodisperse metal oxide nanopowders are prepared by treating a dispersion of crude metal oxide nanopowder with ultrasonication, allowing the dispersion to settle, and subjecting the remaining suspended portion to centrifugation to obtain a supernatant comprising metal oxide nanopowder.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen via a thermochemical route from water, based on the cerium-chlorine cycle is provided. The method comprises, according to a first reaction scheme, the following reactions: H2O+Cl2=2HCl+½O2;??(A) 8HCl+2CeO2=2CeCl3+Cl2+4H2O;??(B) 2CeCl3+4H2O=2CeO2+6HCl+H2;??(C) or, according to a second reaction scheme, the following reactions: H2O+Cl2=2HCl+½O2;??(A) 8HCl+2CeO2=2CeCl3+Cl2+4H2O;??(B) 2CeCl3+2H2O=2CeOCl+4HCl;??(B?) 2CeOCl+2H2O=2CeO2+2HCl+H2;??(C?) wherein the reaction (B) for chlorination of cerium oxide is conducted in a liquid phase, the cerium chloride passing into solution, and wherein the reaction (B) is catalyzed by fluoride ions.

Abstract: Rare earth magneto-optical nanocrystalline oxides provide a material that is transparent in the visible range and has a high magnetic response to external magnetic fields. The material can be manufactured using current activated pressure assisted densification (CAPAD). The result is a rare earth magneto-optical nanocrystalline oxide having an average grain size of less than about 100 nm and a Verdet constant greater than or equal to about 300 rad T?1 m?1 for light having a wavelength of about 632.8 nm.

Abstract: To manufacture a coating for an article for a semiconductor processing chamber, the coating is applied to the article by a method including applying a sol-gel coating of Y2O3 over the article, and curing the sol-gel coating on the article by heating the article with the sol-gel coating and exposing the article with the sol-gel coating to plasma in a semiconductor manufacturing chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing cerium carbonate that can improve yield or productivity of cerium carbonate and enables preparation of cerium carbonate having uniform diameter, cerium carbonate, and a method for preparing cerium oxide. The method for preparing cerium carbonate comprises mixing the cerium precursor with urea; and, elevating the temperature of the mixture to 50° C. or more in the absence of a separate reaction medium to react the cerium precursor with urea in the presence of a polymer dispersant.

Abstract: A mixed halide scintillator material including a fluoride is disclosed. The introduction of fluorine reduces the hygroscopicity of halide scintillator materials and facilitates tuning of scintillation properties of the materials.

Abstract: Provided is a phosphor which comprises alkali earth ions, Si ion, N ion and Tb ion. Tb ion is used as a luminescence center. The phosphor has broad emission bands after excitation. The phosphor of the present invention can be used for a light emitting apparatus, and meets the need of the industrial application.

Abstract: Porous metal oxides are provided. The porous metal oxides are prepared by heat treating a coordination polymer. A method of preparing the porous metal oxide is also provided. According to the method, the shape of the particles of the metal oxide can be easily controlled, and the shape and distribution of pores of the porous metal oxide can be adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are yellow-green and yellow-emitting aluminate based phosphors for use in white LEDs, general lighting, and LED and backlighting displays. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cerium-activated, yellow-green to yellow-emitting aluminate phosphor comprises the rare earth lutetium, at least one alkaline earth metal, aluminum, oxygen, at least one halogen, and at least one rare earth element other than lutetium, wherein the phosphor is configured to absorb excitation radiation having a wavelength ranging from about 380 nm to about 480 nm, and to emit light having a peak emission wavelength ranging from about 550 nm to about 600 nm.

Abstract: Li-containing scintillator compositions, as well as related structures and methods are described. Radiation detection systems and methods are described which include a Cs2LiLn Halide scintillator composition.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.

Abstract: A cosmetic material that exhibits sufficient shielding effects against UV-A and UV-B, does not color a resultant cosmetic product even when blended in cosmetic materials, and will not result in a non-powdery finish when applied to the skin, and a method for producing such a cosmetic material are provided. It is a cosmetic material with at least part of InTaO4 substituted with at least one element of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hf, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Hg.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of nanowires of metal oxides with dopant elements in lower valence state. The nanomaterials/materials with dopants in lower valence state are important as these exhibit markedly different characteristics than higher valence state materials of same composition. Nanowires show markedly enhanced properties in lateral direction. The invented process presents a procedure for preparation of different types of nanowires in oxide form that are useful for different applications. In this a precursor is ignited in a specially designed container/enclosure that produces the product with the described features. The process is simple and involves a single step/stage is of very short time per batch. The invention provides a process, which gives controlled size of nanowires and is suitable for the production of nanowires/nanomaterials of desired metal oxides with dopant elements in valence state.

Abstract: A method of preparing R—Fe—B-based rare earth magnetic powder for a bonded magnet and magnetic powder prepared thereby, and a method of manufacturing a bonded magnet using magnetic powder and a bonded magnet manufactured thereby. Further, a method of preparing R—Fe—B-based rare earth magnetic powder having improved magnetic properties including grinding rare earth sintered magnet products as a raw material, performing a hydrogenation process where a ground product is charged into a furnace, and the furnace is then filled with hydrogen and a temperature of the furnace is increased, performing a disproportionation process where the temperature of the furnace is further increased in the same hydrogen atmosphere above, performing a desorption process where hydrogen is exhausted from an inside of the furnace, and performing a recombination process where hydrogen in the inside of the furnace is exhausted, and magnetic powder prepared thereby, and a method of manufacturing a bonded magnet.

Abstract: Catalytically active (001) ceria substrates or buffers are used to modify the structure of the epitaxial high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. The catalytically active substrate has a small lateral grain size, typically less than 50 nm, to provide a high density of nucleation sites, at some of which nucleate a previously unknown metastable phase. The modification is achieved by catalytically assisted synthesis of the metastable phase. The new phase, a long-period (3.5-nm) perovskite, intercalates into the YBa2Cu3O7 matrix without negatively affecting the critical temperature of the film. Analysis of electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data allow identification of the phase as a long-period YBa2Cu3O7 derivative formed through short-range cation displacement. The films, from about 100-nm to about 1000-nm thick, exhibit strong enhancement of the critical current density, reaching a maximum of approximately 4.2 MA/cm2 at 77 K.

Abstract: A compound for non-linear optics for use at 350 nm and below. The compound includes a material for non-linear optics comprising AxM(1-x)Al3B4O12. x is larger than or equal to zero and smaller than or equal to 0.1, A is selected from a group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Yb, and Lu, and M is selected from a group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Yb, and Lu. The compound is free from a molybdenum bearing impurity of at least 1000 parts per million.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a technique capable of efficiently and stably providing a method for producing high-purity lanthanum, the method characterized in that: a crude lanthanum oxide starting material having a purity of 2N-5N, excluding gas components, is used; the material is subjected to molten salt electrolysis at a bath temperature of 450-700° C. to produce lanthanum crystals; the lanthanum crystals are subsequently desalted: and electron beam melting is then performed to remove volatile substances. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing a technique capable of efficiently and stably providing high-purity lanthanum, high-purity lanthanum itself, a sputtering target formed from high-purity material lanthanum; and a thin film for metal gates that has high purity lanthanum as the main component.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide storage materials and methods of manufacturing nitrogen oxide storage materials are disclosed. The nitrogen oxide storage materials can be used to manufacture catalytic trap disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine which is operated periodically between lean and stoichiometric or rich conditions, for abatement of NOx in an exhaust gas stream which is generated by the engine. In one embodiment, the nitrogen oxide storage material comprises alkaline earth material supported on ceria particles having a crystallite size of between about 10 and 20 nm and the alkaline earth oxide having a crystallite size of between about 20-40 nm.

Abstract: A composition comprising india stabilized gadolinia wherein the india stablilized gadolinia is an oxide with a direct substitution of the indium ion for the gadolinia ion resulting in a compound with the formula InxGd2-xO3.

Abstract: Provided in the present invention are a composition for ameliorating or treating back pain and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Monodisperse particles having: a single pure crystalline phase of a rare earth-containing lattice, a uniform three-dimensional size, and a uniform polyhedral morphology are disclosed. Due to their uniform size and shape, the monodisperse particles self assemble into superlattices. The particles may be luminescent particles such as down-converting phosphor particles and up-converting phosphors. The monodisperse particles of the invention have a rare earth-containing lattice which in one embodiment may be an yttrium-containing lattice or in another may be a lanthanide-containing lattice. The monodisperse particles may have different optical properties based on their composition, their size, and/or their morphology (or shape).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for imaging with magnetic resonance contrast agents. In particular, the present invention provides targeted contrast agents for selective imaging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous composite oxide comprising an aggregate of secondary particles in the form of aggregates of primary particles of a composite oxide containing two or more types of metal elements, and having mesopores having a pore diameter of 2-100 nm between the secondary particles; wherein, the percentage of the mesopores between the secondary particles having a diameter of 10 nm or more is 10% or more of the total mesopore volume after firing for 5 hours at 600° C. in an oxygen atmosphere.