Abstract: A method of fertilizing a plant comprises applying to a plant an effective amount of a composition comprising a product of a salicylic acid, a potassium polyphosphite, a potassium phosphite, and a potassium phosphate. The composition may be prepared by reacting salicylic acid, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or potassium carbonate, phosphoric acid, and phosphorous acid.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment provides a method for extracting hydroxyapatite. The method includes washing fish scales with water, drying the washed fish scales, grinding the washed fish scales, mixing the ground fish scales with an ionic liquid, and centrifuging the mixture of the ground fish scales and the ionic liquid to collect a hydroxyapatite powder as a precipitate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to produce a hypophosphite salt defined as [C+ hypophosphite?] by reacting P4 with a hydroxide salt defined as [C+OH?], or a hydroxide salt precursor and a catalyst, wherein C+ is the cationic moiety of [C+ hypophosphite?] salt.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing pure dicalcium phosphate ceramics or dicalcium phosphate/hydroxyapaite (HA) biphasic ceramics for medical applications in hard tissue areas to be used as implant materials. These ceramic implant materials are in granular form or in block form, and are prepared by using an acidic phosphate compound, a basic calcium phosphate compound comprising HA, and water. The dicalcium phosphate ceramic comprises either dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, DCPD) or dicalcium anhydrous (CaHPO4, DCPA). Wherein, when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in an amount stoichiometrically equal to or in excess relative to the basic calcium phosphate compound, a reaction product is the DCPD or DCPA ceramic; when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in the amount stoichiometrically less than the basic calcium phosphate compound, the reaction product is the DCPD/HA or DCPA/HA biphasic ceramic.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing hypophosphite salt is provided, which comprises the following steps: a) washing the hypophosphite salt at least one time under a controlled pH value of 4-11, preferably 5-8, as the said hypophosphite salt in an aqueous solution and/or in a solid state; and b) drying the said hypophosphite salt under reduced pressure to remove the volatiles. The process can prevent or minimize the formation of a dangerous quantity of phosphine from hypophosphite salts, more particularly in the flame retardant of the application. The flame retardant polymer composition is also provided, which comprises a polymer and the hypophosphite salt stabilized by the above process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide metal ligand nanoparticles, particles including the metal ligand nanoparticles, filters including the metal ligand nanoparticles and/or particles, devices and systems for filtering a fluid, compositions including the metal ligand nanoparticles, and the like.

Abstract: A platelet-type zirconium phosphate, which has a P—OH group contained in a structure thereof, and has a crystalline peak at a 2? value of 11.6±2 degrees and no crystalline peak at a 2? value of less than 11.6±2 degrees in X-ray diffraction analysis, is provided. The platelet-type zirconium phosphate has a platelet-type structure and can be uniformly dispersed at a nanoscale level in a coating film to exhibit excellent surface gloss and barrier capability. Also, the platelet-type zirconium phosphate can exhibit excellent corrosion resistance due to the presence of the P—OH group on a surface thereof, and can be dispersed not only in an aqueous solution but also in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition comprising a phosphite ingredient that that is individually effective against both fungal and bacterial plant pathogens is disclosed. The fertilizer composition is useful as a fertilizer, fungicide, and bactericide when applied to plants. A method of making the fertilizer composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to electrode materials based on iron phosphates that can be used as the negative electrode materials for aqueous sodium ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. At least one embodiment includes a negative electrode material for an aqueous sodium ion based energy storage device. The negative electrode material with a non-olivine crystal structure includes at least one phosphate selected from iron hydroxyl phosphate, Na3Fe3(PO4)4, Na3Fe(PO4)2, iron phosphate hydrate, ammonium iron phosphate hydrate, carbon-coated or carbon-mixed sodium iron phosphate. At least one embodiment includes an energy storage device that includes such a negative electrode material.

Abstract: A stable, phase-pure magnesium-substituted crystalline hydroxyapatite containing from about 2.0 to about 29 wt % magnesium, wherein at least 75 wt % of the magnesium content is substituted for calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite lattice structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a material having the formula: (MxHy)+4(P207)?4: where M is a cation selected from the group consisting of monovalent cations, divalent cations, and trivalent cations; H is hydrogen, P2O7 is the pyrophosphate anion, and y is a number between 2.2 and 3.8; and x is a value sufficient to balance the overall charge of said compound comprising mixing and heating 105-112% polyphosphoric acid or pyrophosphoric and a compound having a monovalent metal cation or a compound having a divalent metal cation or a compound having a trivalent metal cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (i) a plant growth-improving agent containing a growth-improving component that increases a concentration of an oxoanion in an area around a plant, the oxoanion being heavier than a sulfate ion and containing four oxygen atoms, (ii) a seed to which such a plant growth-improving agent has been applied, and (iii) a plant growth-improving method including a cultivating step of growing a plant in the presence of such a growth-improving component.

Abstract: A method of reducing the contamination amount of mycotoxin in cereals wherein one or more compounds A selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts, primary to quaternary ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and polyvalent metal salts of phosphorous acid and phosphite ester are given to the cereals.

Abstract: Phosphorus-calcium-strontium compound of formula (I); method for preparing same; composition for the extemporaneous preparation of a cement comprising a solid phase (SP) and a liquid phase (LP), wherein the solid phase comprises a mixture of inorganic compounds of formula (II); use as an endodontic cement.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing hypophosphite salt is provided, which comprises the following steps: a) washing the hypophosphite salt at least one time under a controlled pH value of 4-11, preferably 5-8, as the said hypophosphite salt in an aqueous solution and/or in a solid state; and b) drying the said hypophosphite salt under reduced pressure to remove the volatiles. The process can prevent or minimize the formation of a dangerous quantity of phosphine from hypophosphite salts, more particularly in the flame retardant of the application. The flame retardant polymer composition is also provided, which comprises a polymer and the hypophosphite salt stabilized by the above process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing pure dicalcium phosphate ceramics or dicalcium phosphate/hydroxyapaite (HA) biphasic ceramics for medical applications in hard tissue areas to be used as implant materials. These ceramic implant materials are in granular form or in block form, and are prepared by using an acidic phosphate compound, a basic calcium phosphate compound comprising HA, and water. The dicalcium phosphate ceramic comprises either dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, DCPD) or dicalcium anhydrous (CaHPO4, DCPA). Wherein, when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in an amount stoichiometrically equal to or in excess relative to the basic calcium phosphate compound, a reaction product is the DCPD or DCPA ceramic; when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in the amount stoichiometrically less than the basic calcium phosphate compound, the reaction product is the DCPD/HA or DCPA/HA biphasic ceramic.

Abstract: A bactericidal and fungicidal composition having fertilizer properties, the composition containing a percentage of potassium polyposphite is disclosed. The composition is useful as a fungicide, bactericide, and as a fertilizer for application to plants and, particularly, commercial crops. A method of making the polyposphite composition is described, as well as methods of using same.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an aqueous composition that is a combination of a fungicide and fertilizer comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving phosphorous acid in phosphoric acid to form a solution of an acid mixture; (2) reacting the acid mixture of step (1) with an aqueous hydroxide solution creating an exothermic reaction under pressure; and, (3) cooling the reaction product to between about 35° C. to about 65° C. The reaction product prepared according to the above process can also be used as a bactericide.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an aqueous composition that is a combination of a fungicide and fertilizer comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving phosphorous acid in phosphoric acid to form a solution of an acid mixture; (2) reacting the acid mixture of step (1) with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of about 65° C. to about 260° C. in a continuous reactor while maintaining the ratio of potassium to phosphorous in various mole ratios thereby forming a reaction mixture comprising potassium phosphates, potassium polyphosphates, potassium phosphites, and potassium polyphosphites and potassium phosphate phosphite copolymers; and, (3) cooling the reaction mixture rapidly at least 1° C. to 60° C., to below about 35° C. to about 65° C. Using a similar process a composition having fungicidal properties is prepared by reaction phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide. The reaction mixtures prepared according to each of the above processes are also part of this invention.

Abstract: A method is provided for making inexpensive synthetic inorganic resins that are stable, mix easily with water and may be conveniently diluted to form an easy-to-use paste for commercial applications. The method uses environmentally friendly techniques to provide improved efficiencies in the commercial production of these resins. The resins are produced by the partial reaction of phosphoric acid with sparsely-soluble oxides, or sparsely-soluble oxide minerals, that are added to the phosphoric acid under controlled conditions. In certain specific embodiments, methods are provided for modifying synthetic inorganic resins so as to produce rapid-setting phosphate cements and ceramics having high flexural strength. Unique synthetic inorganic resin formulations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A bactericidal and fungicidal composition having fertilizer properties, the composition containing a high percentage of potassium polyphosphite is disclosed. The composition is useful as a fungicide, bactericide, and as a fertilizer for application to plants and, particularly, commercial crops. A method of making the polyphosphite composition is described, as well as methods of using same.

Abstract: An anticorrosive pigment composition containing neither any heavy metal harmful to the environment nor zinc, which may be harmful to the environment. The composition is a product of the reaction of (a) aluminum dihydrogen tripolyphosphate, (b) a calcium compound selected among oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and (c) a magnesium compound selected among oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. The composition exerts no adverse influence on the storage stability of water-based anticorrosive coating materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a charge-transporting material comprising a heteropoly acid compound such as phosphomolybdic acid as a charge-transporting substance. Also disclosed is a charge-transporting varnish comprising the charge-transporting material and an organic solvent, wherein the charge-transporting substance is dissolved in the organic solvent. It becomes possible to provide a charge-transporting material which comprises a substance having high solubility in an organic solvent, charge-transporting properties, and an ability to oxidize hole transport materials, and a charge-transporting varnish comprising the charge-transporting material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide means for preparing a monosaccharide by efficiently hydrolyzing a polysaccharide. In particular, in a method that uses a homogeneous acid catalyst to obtain a monosaccharide from a polysaccharide, a low energy, low cost catalytic separation method is provided, and in addition, a method for obtaining high reaction selectivity is provided. In addition, provided is a homogeneous acid catalyst separation method that separates a homogeneous acid catalyst from a homogeneous acid catalyst-containing solution with high efficiency and realizes a high homogeneous acid catalyst recovery ratio at low energy costs, and that is applicable to a variety of reaction systems.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of water by adding surface-reacted calcium carbonate or an aqueous suspension comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate and having a pH greater than 6.0 measured at 20° C., to the medium, wherein the surface-reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of natural calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide and one or more acids and the use of the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate for this process.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of phosphoric acid plant pond water where an increased recovery of phosphorus values from the input pond water is achieved through the dilution of the initial pond water with clarified water from the product generation stage and/or the final stage clarified water. The recycle of the product generation stage and/or final stage waters to dilute the feed pond water mitigates or eliminates the problems of silica gel formation and precipitation that occur when undiluted pond waters are processed. In addition, the dilution reduces phosphate losses in the first liming or neutralization stage rejected solids thereby increasing the yield of Di-Calcium Phosphate or ammonium magnesium phosphate or potassium magnesium phosphates.

Abstract: Discloses are stabilized calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes, a process for making calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes comprising agitating at less than 2 OkHz an aqueous suspension of a calcium and a phosphate for a time sufficient to precipitate said inorganic calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of calcium salts of phosphorous acid for increasing the efficacy of fungicides in agriculture. Moreover, the invention relates to solid formulations, to processes for preparing the solid formulations and to their use for controlling harmful fungi. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for preparing a calcium salt of phosphorous acid.

Abstract: Solid acid/surface-hydrogen-containing secondary component electrolyte composites, methods of synthesizing such materials, electrochemical device incorporating such materials, and uses of such materials in fuel cells, membrane reactors and hydrogen separations are provided. The stable electrolyte composite material comprises a solid acid component capable of undergoing rotational disorder of oxyanion groups and capable of extended operation at a wide temperature range and a secondary compound with surface hydrogen atoms, which when intimately mixed, results in a composite material with improved conductivity, mechanical and thermal properties, when compared to pure solid acid compound.

Abstract: A fungicidal composition having fertilizer properties, the composition containing a high percentage of potassium polyphosphate is disclosed. The composition is useful as a fungicide and as a fertilizer for application to plants and, particularly, commercial crops. A method of making the polyphosphate composition is described, as well as methods of using same.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition, for augmentation and regeneration of living tissue in a subject, comprising a population of porous microparticles of a biodegradable polymer, one or more mammalian cell populations, and optionally, a biocompatible adhesive.

Abstract: A dephosphorization material is formed from concrete sludge resulting from centrifugal casting of concrete products, production of concrete, cleaning of concrete production equipment, or cleaning of concrete transporting vehicles. The dephosphorization material is used for dephosphorization treatment by a dephosphorization apparatus that includes a single reaction tank provided with a wastewater supply means, a dephosphorization material supply mean, and a recovery means. The dephosphorization apparatus removes phosphorus from phosphorus-containing wastewater, such as sewage water, based on the formula 10Ca2++6PO43?+2OH??Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and recovers through the recovery means a dephosphorization by-product that precipitates as crystals as a result of the reaction.

Abstract: A method for preparing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and oral care composition containing ACP prepared by the same are disclosed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (a) cleaning and pulverizing the oyster shells; (b) sintering the oyster shells to obtain a calcium-containing powder; (c) dissolving the calcium-containing powder in water to obtain a calcium-containing solution; and (d) mixing the calcium-containing solution with a other phosphate-containing solution, to produce amorphous calcium phosphate. The method of the present invention not only can simplify the process and reduce the cost, but also can solve the problem of environment pollution resulting from wasted oyster shells. In addition, the ACP prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention further comprises some trace elements, such as strontium (Sr) and fluoride (F), which can improve dental health.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a highly sinterable calcium phosphate-based ceramic powder and a compact thereof. The calcium phosphate-based ceramic powder and compact thereof according to the present invention are advantageous in that they are very biocompatible and economical because they are prepared using natural materials, have nano-sized particles, and are highly sinterable, and thus can be used for bone substitute materials.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a support having supported thereon at least one member selected from the group consisting of heteropolyacids and heteropolyacid salts, in which the heteropolyacid and/or heteropolyacid salt is substantially present in a surface layer region of the support to a depth of 30% from the support surface. The catalyst has a high performance when used for the production of compounds by various reactions.

Abstract: This invention is related to magnetic nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications and the preparation method thereof. The magnetic particles of hydroxyapatite are prepared by a wet chemical co-precipitation method at lower temperature, wherein the calcium ions originally existing in hydroxyapatite are replaced with divalent or trivalent metal ions, for example, Fe+2 ion, to form magnetic nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite.

Abstract: Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles, which comprise sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having an average particle size of from 50 to 500 ?m based on the mass, and anhydrous sodium carbonate, and sodium carbonate monohydrate and/or Wegscheider's salt, present on the surface of the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles in such amounts that the total content of anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate monohydrate, Wegscheider's salt and sodium sesquicarbonate in the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles is from 0.04 to 1 mass % as calculated as anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate accounts for at least 40 mass % of the total content, and sodium carbonate monohydrate and/or Wegscheider's salt accounts for from 5 to 60 mass % of the total content. Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having a low caking property, which are useful in the field of food products, pharmaceuticals, bath additives, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds on apatite basis, having the general formula M5 (AO4)3X wherein X is situated in the hexagonal channels of the apatite structure and includes Cu-atoms, processes for the preparation thereof as well as applications of these compounds. The compounds presented herein are particularly useful as pigments.

Abstract: To provide a bleaching activator capable of improving bleaching performance of a peroxy compound and the like, and a detergent composition comprising such a compound. A bleaching activator comprising Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anions, wherein the Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anions comprise a Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anion represented by the following formula (1): [XMa(H2O)bOc]d???(1) (in the formula, X representing a silicon atom or a phosphorus atom; M being the same or different and representing a tungsten atom or a molybdenum atom; a representing an integer of 9 to 11; b representing a positive number of 0 to 6; c representing a positive number of 28 to 39; d representing a valency and being a positive number).

Abstract: Disclosed is metal composite oxides having the new crystal structure. Also disclosed are ionic conductors including the metal composite oxides and electrochemical devices comprising the ionic conductors. The metal composite oxides have an ion channel formed for easy movement of ions due to crystallographic specificity resulting from the ordering of metal ion sites and metal ion defects within the unit cell. Therefore, the metal composite oxides according to the present invention are useful in an electrochemical device requiring an ionic conductor or ionic conductivity.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a process for obtaining a bone substitute of given chemical and physical characteristics and entirely similar to those of the mineral portion of natural bone tissue.

Abstract: Improved solid acid electrolyte materials, methods of synthesizing such materials, and electrochemical devices incorporating such materials are provided. The stable electrolyte material comprises a solid acid in a eulytine structure capable of undergoing rotational disorder of oxyanion groups and capable of extended operation at elevated temperatures, that is, solid acids having hydrogen bonded anion groups; a superprotonic disordered phase; and capable of operating at temperatures of ˜100° C. and higher.

Abstract: Energy in the form of heat is recoverable and controllable in a process that reacts an acid and a base in the presence of steam. The recovered heat energy can be used to vaporize water to form steam which when used in conjunction with a turbine will produce electricity.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary cell used in a cellular phone is disclosed. The cathode active material for the lithium secondary cell and the method the same having a high capacity and a long lifetime, different from LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4, Li(Ni, Co)O2, and V-system oxide that has been researched as the active material for substituting LiCoO2 are provided. The cathode active material for the lithium secondary cell in the next formula 1 is obtained by heating or chemically treating diadochite [Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH).6H2O] that is the mineral containing PO43?, SO42?, and OH?. LiaFebMc(PO4)x(SO4)y(OH)z ??(1) In the formula, M is at least one element selected from a radical consisting of Mg, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, and Si, with 0?a, c?0.5, 1?b?2, 0.5?x, y, z?1.5.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 ?. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cathode active material comprising: a mixing step of mixing at least Fe3(PO4)2.nH2O (n designates the number of hydrates and ranges from 0 to 8.) with Li3PO4; and a sintering step of sintering a mixed material obtained in the mixing step when the cathode active material represented by a composition of LixFe1-yMyPO4 (M is at least a kind of materials such as Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Mo, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, B, and Nb, x is located within a range expressed by 0.05≦x≦1.2, and y is located within a range expressed by 0≦y<0.8.) is synthesized, wherein a half-value width of a maximum diffraction peak of the mixed material in an X-ray diffraction using CuK&agr; ray is 1.0° or smaller.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: Improved solid acid electrolyte materials, methods of synthesizing such materials, and electrochemical devices incorporating such materials are provided. The stable electrolyte material comprises a solid acid capable undergoing rotational disorder of oxyanion groups and capable of extended operation at elevated temperatures, that is, solid acids having hydrogen bonded anion groups; a superprotonic, trigonal, tetragonal, or cubic, disordered phase; and capable of being operating at temperatures of ˜100° C. and higher.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 ?. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.