Abstract: The invention pertains to new catalyst systems for polycondensation reactions, for example for producing polyethylene terephthalate. In accordance with the invention, complex compounds with hydrotalcite-analogous structures of general formula [M(II)1−xM(III)x(OH)2]x+(An−x/n).mH2O are used, wherein M(II) represents divalent metals, preferably Mg or Zn or NI or Cu or Fe(II) or Co, and M(III) represents trivalent metals, for example Al or Fe(III), and A represents anions, preferably carbonates or borates. These catalysts can be calcinated and can be used in combination with phosphorus compounds that contain at least one hydrolyzable phosphorus-oxygen bond.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making lithium mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells. The lithium mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. The invention involves the reaction of a metal compound, and a phosphate compound, with a reducing agent to reduce the metal and form a metal phosphate. The invention also includes methods of making lithium metal oxides involving reaction of a lithium compound, and a metal oxide with a reducing agent.

Abstract: An in-extrudate reaction mixture to be effectively crystallized is effectively crystallized to produce zeolitic or non-zeolitic molecular sieves. The reaction mixture is heated within a slowly rotating, double-walled reactor vessel wherein a heated medium is conducted within a space formed between the double walls of the vessel. Thus, the reaction mixture is contacted by a uniformly heated wall while being gently tumbled at low speed. The tumbling action serves to uniformly distribute the heat within the reaction mixture without subjecting the mixture to such shearing that could damage shaped particles. A relatively high quantity of reaction mixture can be handled in that way to maximize the production volumes and reduce production costs.

Abstract: Electrode active materials, preferably having an olivine structure, of the formula:

Abstract: Electrode active materials, preferably having an olivine structure, of the formula:

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of synthesizing aluminophosphate or silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves and in particular to the synthesis of silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves using synthesis templates in combination with a source of fluoride comprising at least two fluoride substituents. The use of such fluorine containing compounds results in good quality low silica SAPO molecular sieves of CHA framework type.

Abstract: Electrode active materials comprising lithium or other alkali metals, a transition metal, and a phosphate or similar moiety, of the formula:

Abstract: Novel compounds are provided in the form of nucleoside pyrophosphate and triphosphate analogs. In these analogs, the pyrophosphate or triphosphate group is replaced with a moiety that is isosterically and electronically identical thereto, but is hydrolytically and enzymatically more stable. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., as antiviral agents, anticancer agents, metabolic moderators and the like. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the invention as an active agent, and in addition provides methods of treating disease, including viral infections, cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases, and the like, by administering a compound of the invention to a patient in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the synthesis of MeAPO molecular sieves which includes the following steps: providing a source of alumina, a source of phosphorus, water, and a template suitable for forming a MeAPO molecular sieve; providing a source of metal (Me) including metal particles, the metal particles measuring, in their largest dimension, equal to or less than five nanometers; providing a water soluble organic solvent capable of solubilizing the source of metal; forming a synthesis mixture from the source of alumina, the source of phosphorus, the water, the template, the source of metal, and the solvent; and forming a MeAPO molecular sieve from the synthesis mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. In this method, a lithium salt is reflux-reacted with a metal salt in a basic solution. The positive active material has a spherical or sperical-like form, diameter of 10 nm to 10 &mgr;m, and a surface area of 0.1 to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: Improved solid acid electrolyte materials, methods of synthesizing such materials, and electrochemical devices incorporating such materials are provided. The stable electrolyte material comprises a solid acid capable undergoing rotational disorder of oxyanion groups and capable of extended operation at elevated temperatures, that is, solid acids having hydrogen bonded anion groups; a superprotonic, trigonal, tetragonal, or cubic, disordered phase; and capable of being operating at temperatures of ˜100° C. and higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the process of preparation and characterization of novel sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) type niobium aluminium phosphate of formula Cu0.5NbAlP3O12 (CNP), HNbAlP3O12(HNP) and to study its Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Photo Acoustic (PA) spectra.

Abstract: A method for controlling the formation of a hydroxyapatite bone filler from dry calcium phosphate precursors in an aqueous solution uses coated sodium phosphate powder. The sodium phosphate powder is coated with a water soluble cellulose. Until the cellulose dissolves in the aqueous solution setting of the calcium phosphate cements proceeds slowly but when the exposed sodium phosphate particles start to solubilize in the aqueous solution the setting rate increases.

Abstract: Methods for direct reduction of ammonia from waste streams by the steps of reacting an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of a strong acid and a metal salt, wherein the cation in said metal salt of said solution is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pd, Zn; and wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed with said metal salt in an ammonia depleted waste stream; and treating said depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium-metal double salt therefrom.

Abstract: The invention provides novel active material represented by the general formula LiaMI1−yMIIyPO4, wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof; MII is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, and a mixture thereof; a is about 1; and 0<y<1, which, upon electrochemical interaction, releases lithium ions, and is capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel active material, wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof. Methods for making the novel active material and methods for using such a material in electrochemical cells are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a positive electrode material and a battery using the same which can achieve a higher discharge voltage and which can obtain excellent charge-and-discharge properties, without reducing the capacity. A positive electrode (12) and a negative electrode (14) are configured through a separator (15) in between. The positive electrode (12) contains a compound expressed by a general formula Li1+xMnyFezPO4 (wherein x, y and z are values within ranges of 0<x<0.1, 0.5<y<0.95, and 0.9<y+z≦1, respectively). According to the compound, the higher discharge voltage can be obtained due to Mn, the Jahn Teller effect of Mn3+ can be attenuated and furthermore distortion of the crystal structure and the reduction of the capacity can be inhibited due to Fe and the excess Li.

Abstract: As-prepared AlPO4—B2O3—Na2O-based glasses were placed in an autoclave together with distilled water and were treated at 150° C. for two hours. Although the specific surface area of the as-prepared glass prior to autoclave treatment was negligibly small, the autoclave treatment dissolved most of the borate component and the sodium component to obtain a mesoporous material having a specific surface area of 236 m2/g and a pore size distribution of 5 to 10 nm. This mesoporous material is hydrophobic and has weak solid acidity and small polarity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the synthesis of MeAPO molecular sieves which includes the following steps: providing a source of alumina, a source of phosphorus, water, and a template suitable for forming a MeAPO molecular sieve; providing a source of metal (Me) including metal particles, the metal particles measuring, in their largest dimension, equal to or less than five nanometers; providing a water soluble organic solvent capable of solubilizing the source of metal; forming a synthesis mixture from the source of alumina, the source of phosphorus, the water, the template, the source of metal, and the solvent; and forming a MeAPO molecular sieve from the synthesis mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.

Abstract: from Groups 2, 3, 12, 13, or 14 of the Periodic Table. Preferred embodiments include those having where c=1, those where c=2, and those where c=3. Preferred embodiments include those where a ≦1 and c=1, those where a=2 and c=1, and those where a≧3 and c=3. This invention also provides electrodes comprising an electrode active material of this invention, and batteries that comprise a first electrode having an electrode active material of this invention; a second electrode having a compatible active material; and an electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for making a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve from a reaction mixture comprising components present in amounts sufficient to form the SAPO, the reaction mixture having a first pH. The method comprises the steps of: adding an acid to the reaction mixture after the reaction mixture undergoes a change in pH from the first pH; and crystallizing the SAPO from the reaction mixture. The present invention is also directed to a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve made by this process.

Abstract: A molecular sieve and a molecular sieve catalyst containing a surface heat impregnated with a metal. The molecular sieve is heated in the presence of a metal containing solution at a temperature between 30° C. and 400° C. then separated from the metal containing solution. The molecular sieve and molecular sieve catalyst is used to make olefin from an oxygenate feedstock.

Abstract: Electrode active materials comprising lithium or other alkali metals, a transition metal, a phosphate or similar moiety, and a halogen or hydroxyl moiety.

Abstract: A magnesium ammonium phosphate slurry and method of producing magnesium ammonium phosphate slurries. The method provides for obtaining a magnesium hydroxide supply having a small particle size of about 2 microns. Aqua ammonia and phosphoric acid are sequentially added while maintaining the temperature at below 110° F. The magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate slurry formed has a small particle size of about 2 to 7 microns. The hexahydrate slurry may be converted to a monohydrate slurry having a particle size of less than about 8 microns by heating to the boiling point in the presence of excess water or heating to the boiling point while maintaining a very moderate hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: There is provided macrostructures of porous inorganic material which can have controlled size, shape, and/or porosity and a process for preparing the macrostructures. The macrostructures comprise a three-dimension network of particles of porous inorganic materials. The process for preparing the macrostructures involves forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger and a synthesis mixture capable of forming the porous inorganic material and then converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material. After formation of the composite material, the porous organic ion exchanger can be removed from the composite material to obtain the macrostructures.

Abstract: Nanoscale and submicron particles have been produced with polyatomic anions. The particles can be crystalline or amorphous. The particles are synthesized in a flowing reactor, preferably with an intense light beam driving the reaction. In preferred embodiments, the particles are highly uniform. Batteries can be formed from submicron and nanoscale lithium metal phosphates. Coatings also can be formed from the particles.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of olivine lithium nickel phosphate composite by uniformly mixing oxides of Ni and P with Li2CO3, converting the mixture to a paste by adding glycerol, calcining the paste continuously to obtain the desired composite.

Abstract: The invention provides new and novel lithium-metal-fluorophosphates which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-metal-fluorophosphates. The lithium-metal-fluorophosphates comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium.

Abstract: A magnesium ammonium phosphate slurry and method of producing magnesium ammonium phosphate slurries. The method provides for obtaining a magnesium hydroxide supply having a small particle size of about 1 to 2 microns. Aqua ammonia and phosphoric acid are sequentially added while maintaining the temperature at below 110° F. The magnesium ammonium phosphate slurry formed has a small particle size of about 2 to 5 microns.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of olivine lithium nickel phosphate composite by uniformly mixing oxides of Ni and P with Li2CO3, converting the mixture to a paste by adding glycerol, calcining the paste continuously to obtain the desired composite.

Abstract: A positive active material composition for a rechargeable lithium battery includes at least one lithiated compound, and at least one additive compound selected from the group consisting of a thermal-absorbent element-included hydroxide, a thermal-absorbent element-included oxyhydroxide, a thermal-absorbent element-included oxycarbonate, and a thermal-absorbent element-included hydroxycarbonate.

Abstract: A method for producing a cathode active material having superior cell characteristics through single-phase synthesis of a composite material composed of a compound represented by the general formula LixFe1−yMyPO4 and a carbon material positively and a method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte cell employing the so produced cathode active material. To this end, the cathode active material is prepared by a step of mixing the starting materials for synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula LixFe1−yMyPO4, a step of milling a mixture obtained by the mixing step, a step of compressing the mixture obtained by the mixing step to a preset density and a step of sintering the mixture obtained by the compressing step. A carbon material is added in any one of the above steps prior to the sintering step. The density of the mixture in the compressing step is set to not less than 1.71 g/cm3 and not larger than 2.45 g/cm3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mesoporous molecular sieve MPL-1 and its preparation process. The anhydrous composition of this molecular sieve contains at least three elements, i.e. aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen. The molecular sieve has larger pore diameters, generally 1.3 nm-10.0 nm, a larger specific surface area and adsorption capacity. It is synthesized under the hydrothermal process with an organic compound as template. Where necessary, silicon and/or titanium may be added to synthesize the aluminosilicophosphate, aluminotitanophosphate, or aluminosilicotitanophosphate molecular sieves having a mesoporous structure, and/or metal compounds may be added to synthesize derivatives of mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves containing the corresponding hetero-atoms.

Abstract: A mesoporous aluminophosphate material includes a solid aluminophosphate composition modified with at least one element selected from zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and vanadium. This mesoporous aluminophosphate material has a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/g, an average pore size less than or equal to 100 Å, and a pore size distribution such that at least 50% of the pores have a pore diameter less than 100 Å. The material can be used as a support for a catalytic cracking catalyst. Additionally, a method for making such a mesoporous aluminophosphate material is disclosed. The method, which preferably avoids use of organic reagents or solvents, includes providing an aqueous solution containing an inorganic phosphorus component; an inorganic aluminum containing component; and an inorganic modifying component containing at least one element selected from zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and vanadium.

Abstract: A method for producing a cathode active material which produces a spinel type lithium manganese oxide expressed by a general formula: Li1+xMn2−x−yMeyPO4, as the cathode active material, (here, x is expressed by a relation of 0≦x≦0.15 and y is expressed by a relation of 0<y<0.3, and Me is at least one kind of element selected from between Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mg and Al). The method comprises a mixing step of mixing raw materials of the spinel type lithium manganese oxide to obtain a precursor; and a sintering step of sintering the precursor obtained in the mixing step to obtain the spinel type lithium manganese oxide. The sintering temperature in the sintering step is located within a range of 800° C. or higher and 900° C. or lower. Accordingly. even when manganese which is inexpensive and abundant in resources is employed as a main material, an excellent cathode performance can be maintained under the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroxylapatite material containing phosphate wherein the microporous structure of algae hard-tissue raw material is retained in the end product and which can be obtained by reacting an organic compound devoid of algae hard-tissue in an alkaline aqueous phosphate solution by adding magnesium ions at an elevated temperature. The invention also relates to a method for the production of said hydroxylapatite material containing tricalcium phosphate, which is characterized in that it is especially well resorbed in the body, is especially suitable as a bone substitute material or as a carrier material for active ingredients. Said material can also be used as a filter material.

Abstract: An LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase to realize superior cell characteristics. To this end, in the preparation of a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound having the formula LixFePO4, where 0<×≦1, are mixed together, milled and sintered. A carbon material is added at one of these steps. As the starting materials for synthesis for LixFePO4, Li3PO4, Fe3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrate Fe3(PO4)2•nH20), where n is the number of hydrates, are used, and the content of Fe3+ in the total iron in Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrate Fe3(PO4)2·nH20) is set to 61 wt% or less.

Abstract: A magnesium ammonium phosphate slurry and method of producing magnesium ammonium phosphate slurries. The method provides for obtaining a magnesium hydroxide supply having a small particle size of about 2 microns. Aqua ammonia and phosphoric acid are sequentially added while maintaining the temperature at below 110° F. The magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate slurry formed has a small particle size of about 2 to 7 microns. The hexahydrate slurry may be converted to a monohydrate slurry having a particle size of less than about 8 microns by heating to the boiling point in the presence of excess water or heating to the boiling point while maintaining a very moderate hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell in which the allowable range of starting material s for synthesis left in a cathode active material is prescribed in order to realize satisfactory cell characteristics. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell includes a cathode containing a cathode active material, an anode containing an anode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which the cathode active material is mainly composed of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, with the molar ratio of Li3PO4 to a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4 to the compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, which ratio is represented by Li3PO4/LiFePO4, being Li3PO4/LixFePO4≦6.67×10−2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromium/silica-aluminophosphate catalyst, titanated under specific conditions and used for the homopolymerisation or the copolymerisation of ethylene. The polyethylene obtained with this catalyst has a high melt potential and a high shear resistance. The catalyst has a high level of activity.

Abstract: A hydrotalcite compound which has the excellent ability to absorb infrared rays and has excellent light transmission when contained in an agricultural film; a process for producing the compound; and an infrared absorber and an agricultural film both containing the compound. The hydrotalcite compound is characterized by retaining as the interlayer anions at least one kind of anions selected among ions of silicon-, phosphorus-, and boron-containing polymeric oxyacids and another kind of anions.

Abstract: The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.

Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, are mixed, milled and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2·nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting materials for synthesis of LixFePO4. The the temperature of a product from said sintering is set to 305° C. or less when said product from said sintering is exposed to atmosphere. The oxygen concentration in a sintering atmosphere is set to 1012 ppm in volume or less at the time point of sintering.

Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to prevent the deterioration of the performance of the cathode active material from occurring and achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, are mixed, milled and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2.nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting materials for synthesis of LixFePO4. The temperature of a product from said sintering is set to 305° C. or less when said product from said sintering is exposed to atmosphere.

Abstract: Transition metal NZP type compounds are synthesized. Examples of these compounds include MnZr4(PO4)6, FeZr4(PO4)6, CoZr4(PO4)6, NiZr4(PO4)6, and CuZr4(PO4)6. These compounds are synthesized by the Xerogel process. These transition metal NZP type compounds can be used as colorants in applications such as ceramic glazes where high thermal stability of the colorant is important.

Abstract: Molecular sieves comprising (1) phosphorus oxide; (2) a first oxide comprising an oxide of silicon, germanium or mixtures thereof; and (3) a second oxide comprising an oxide of aluminum, boron or mixtures thereof, said molecular sieve having a mole ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide of greater than 1, containing at least about 10 weight percent phosphorus oxide in the crystal framework, and having pores greater than 5 Å in diameter are useful as catalysts in hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: A novel aurophosphate stain for staining a slide-mounted brain tissue slice or section to label myelin therein, the method of staining, and the method of making the stain. The stain is potassium aurophosphate or sodium aurophosphate produced as the reaction product of an aurochloride and a dibasic potassium or sodium phosphate. Slide-mounted brain tissue slices are stained by immersing the slice in a warn solution of the aurophosphate. The stained slice may be intensified by immersing the slide-mounted stained tissue slice in a potassium tetrachloroaureate solution. The stained or intensified slice can be fixed by immersion in a sodium thiosulfate solution. Large bundles of stained myelin appear deep red-brown, while smaller bundles and individual fibers appear black.

Abstract: The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.