Abstract: A solid powder product with a Ca/P ratio of between 1.40 and 1.90 is prepared from tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate. An aqueous solution containing calcium ions and phosphate ions with a Ca/P ratio higher than 0.20 and lower than 0.50 is prepared. The aqueous solution and the solid powder product and optionally water are mixed to obtain a mixture with a liquid/solid weight ratio of between 0.30 and 0.65 and a resulting paste with a Ca/P ratio of between 1.50 and 1.67.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for purifying a heteropolyacid which comprises: subjecting an aqueous solution comprising (i) the heteropolyacid and (ii) salt impurities to at least one liquid/liquid extraction step with an organic solvent, characterized in that the organic solvent comprises a dihydrocarbyl ether having at least 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell in which the allowable range of starting material s for synthesis left in a cathode active material is prescribed in order to realize satisfactory cell characteristics. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell includes a cathode containing a cathode active material, an anode containing an anode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which the cathode active material is mainly composed of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, with the molar ratio of Li3PO4 to a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4 to the compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, which ratio is represented by Li3PO4/LiFePO4, being Li3PO4/LixFePO4≦6.67×10−2.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities contained in the crystal lattice of minerals, comprising the steps of forming a mixture of a mineral capable of structurally reorganizing its crystal lattice which contains an impurity in its crystal lattice and a halogen anion, and water; heating the mixture to the mineral's structural reorganization transition temperature; holding the mixture at the structural reorganization transition temperature for a sufficient period of time to allow the impurity to freely migrate from the lattice to combine with the halogen anion; and separating the combined impurity and anion from the mixture to render the mineral essentially free of the impurity. The process is applicable to numerous minerals and impurities, but is especially useful to remove arsenic from fluorspar. Numerous halogen anions can be employed, such as chlorides, fluorides, bromides and iodides, but the preferred halogen anion is a metal chloride such as calcium chloride.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N−(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalised, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N−(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalized, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities contained in the crystal lattice of minerals, comprising the steps of forming a mixture of a mineral capable of structurally reorganizing its crystal lattice which contains an impurity in its crystal lattice and a halogen anion, and water; heating the mixture to the mineral's structural reorganization transition temperature; holding the mixture at the structural reorganization transition temperature for a sufficient period of time to allow the impurity to freely migrate from the lattice to combine with the halogen anion; and separating the combined impurity and anion from the mixture to render the mineral essentially free of the impurity. The process is applicable to numerous minerals and impurities, but is especially useful to remove arsenic from fluorspar. Numerous halogen anions can be employed, such as chlorides, fluorides, bromides and iodides, but the preferred halogen anion is a metal chloride such as calcium chloride.

Abstract: Nickel hypophosphite is prepared by ion exchange on a carboxylic between nickel sulphate and hypophosphorous acid. The product thus obtained, both in the form of an aqueous solution and of a crystalline salt, is intended in particular for the preparation of chemical nickel plating baths.

Abstract: An nickel hydroxide positive electrode active material which can be made by an ultrasonic precipitation method. The nickel hydroxide active material is characterized by the composition: ##EQU1## where x, the number of water ligands surrounding each Ni cation, is between 0.05 and 0.4 and y is the charge on the anions.

Abstract: A flowable, paste-like composition capable of setting in a clinically relevant period of time into an antimicrobial agent loaded apatitic product having sufficient compressive strength to serve as a cancellous bone structural material is provided. The subject compositions are prepared by combining dry ingredients with a physiologically acceptable lubricant and an antimicrobial agent, where the dry ingredients comprise at least two different calcium phosphates. The subject compositions find use in a variety of different applications, including orthopaedic, dental and cranio-maxillofacial applications.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like. Optionally the compositions may include proteins or serve as a depot for compositions of phrarmacological interest.

Abstract: A dental material based on an organic polymerisable binding agent has a content ofA) one or more mixed apatites of the typeA1) A.sub.10 (XO.sub.4).sub.6 Z.sub.2 +/B*.sub.10-u C*.sub.u (Y*).sub.6 Z'.sub.2 and/orA2) A'.sub.10-r (X'O.sub.4).sub.6-s Z".sub.2-t +/B'.sub.r (Y').sub.s Q.sub.t -B".sub.10-u' C'.sub.u' (Y").sub.6 Z'".sub.2 and/orA3) A".sub.10-r' (X"O.sub.4).sub.6-s' Z"".sub.2-t' +/A'".sub.r' (X'"O.sub.4).sub.s' +/B'".sub.10-u" C".sub.u" (Y'").sub.6 Z'"".sub.2in which the formulae assume the significance specified in the description, in a quantity that is effective for the absorption of ions from the biological application environment of the dental material. The polymerisable dental material has variably adjustable transparency, good polishability, high strength and the capacity to release and absorb ions into and from a biological environment. Also described is a process for using the mixed apatites A1), A2) and/or A3) in polymerisable dental materials.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like. Optionally the compositions may include proteins or serve as a depot for compositions of phrarmacological interest.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus (10) is provided for the on-site production of phosphine fumigant gas so as to permit selective delivery over time of essentially constant concentration phosphine gas, thereby assuring complete fumigation of a grain silo or other enclosure. The apparatus (10) includes a mobile frame 12 supporting a reactor assembly (14); the latter includes an elongated stirred reactor (16) with metal phosphide and reactant gas (carbon dioxide and water) inlets (18,20) and a phosphine gas output (22).

Abstract: A microparticulate abrasive composition is comprised of chilsonated granules of a low oil absorption compound selected from the group consisting of sodium tetrapyrophosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. The abrasive composition is useful as a polishing agent and plaque and tartar removing agent in oral dentifrice compositions such as toothpastes, as well as a soft scrubbing agent for delicate hard surfaces, facial masks, and body soaps.

Abstract: Calcium phosphate cements are provided. The subject cements comprise amorphous calcium phosphate, at least one additional calcium source, usually an additional calcium phosphate, and a liquid component, such as a physiologically acceptable lubricant. Upon combination of the cement components, a flowable composition capable of setting in vivo into a solid calcium phosphate mineral product, such as hydroxyapatite, is produced. The subject cement compositions find use in a variety of applications, including the treatment of injured or compromised hard tissue.

Abstract: A bioactive ceramic material for dental fillings and crowns on the basis of calcium phosphate compounds contains crystallites of sparingly water-soluble calcium phosphate compounds in an amorphous, vitreous or polycrystalline matrix of readily water-soluble calcium phosphate compounds, the Ca/P-atomic ratio of the calcium phosphate compounds being altogether <1.65.

Abstract: The composition of matter, vanadyl phosphite, useful as a precursor to a vanadium/phosphorous oxide oxidation catalyst used in the selective oxidation of n-butane to produce maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Inorganic intercalation phosphors were made by doping an inorganic intercalation compound having an atomic structure interspersed with vacant spaces with selected activator ions capable of luminescent emission when excited by ultraviolet light and/or cathode rays.

Abstract: The invention relates to vanadium/phosphorus oxide catalyst precursors useful in preparing catalysts useful in the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing 4 carbon atoms to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: This invention provides new inorganic composite materials for hard tissue replacement. The new composite material comprises solid material of calcium sulfate which is fully or partially converted to calcium phosphate from aqueous solution. This composite material has good biocompatibility and controllable resorption, and will be very useful for bone substitute material in orthopaedic and dental applications. The fully converted material which comprises mainly apatite calcium phosphate is also useful for chromatography application. A process to prepare these new composite materials is also described.

Abstract: The invention is a method, involving temperatures between room temperature and 100.degree. C., for coating a metal substrate with hydroxyapatite. The intended application is coating porous metal coats of orthopedic and endosseous implants such that the underlying metal is not sintered and the hydroxyapatite coating has chemical and physical properties that are close to biological apatite. The method involves: (i) cleaning the metal substrate, (ii) coating the metal substrate with brushite by electrodeposition at room temperature, (iii) dislodging bubbles periodically during brushite electrodeposition, and (iv) converting the brushite coating to hydroxyapatite at a temperature between room temperature and 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A deproteinization filler comprises an aggregate of hydroxyapatite fibers having a three dimensional network structure. The mean radius of pores defined by the aggregate is approximately 0.02 .mu.m to approximately 0.08 .mu.m, the specific surface of the aggregate is approximately 25 m.sup.2 /g to approximately 65 m.sup.2 /g and the mean diameter of particles defined by the aggregate is approximately 1 .mu.m to approximately 30 .mu.m. The filler is produced by a given method. The filler may be contained in a throwaway cartridge.

Abstract: A composition for forming a calcium phosphate type setting material comprising(1) powder comprising at least one of .alpha.-tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate; and(2) a setting solution comprising an aqueous acidic solution having dissolved therein at least one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl chitin, glycol chitin, pullulan, high methoxy-pectin and chitosan in such an amount that the setting solution has a viscosity of 70 cp or more, anda process for producing a calcium phosphate type setting material using such a composition.

Abstract: High purity alkali metal hypophosphites are produced in high efficiency by a simple step of using no other separating agents than white phosphorus, alkali metal hydroxides and water as reaction raw materials, resulting in no need of a complicated procedure for removing impurities.

Abstract: Porous particles of a calcium phosphate compound having a Ca/P ratio of 1.5 to 1.80, which contain open pores having an average pore size of 100 to 4000 .ANG. and are in the form of spherical particles having an average particle size of 1 to 40 .mu.m, and a process for their production. 90% of the total pore volume of the particles is occupied by pores having a pore size that is 0.5 to 2 times larger than the average pore size of the open pores and the total volume is at least 0.5 ml/g of the particles. The porous calcium phosphate particles are particularly useful as packings for liquid chromatography.

Abstract: In a continuous process for the preparation of phosphorous acid with simultaneous production of hydrochloric acid, a reaction zone is provided which is in open communication with a first scrubbing zone. A portion of the reaction product is recycled from the bottom of the reaction zone into the top of the scrubbing zone and phosphorous acid is removed from the circulation. Hydrogen chloride gas escaping from the top of the first scrubbing zone is brought into contact, in a cooled, second scrubbing zone, with an overstoichiometric amount of water. Hydrochloric acid is obtained which is passed as starting material into the reaction zone or into the top of the first scrubbing zone. The external cooling of the second scrubbing zone is controlled such that the temperature in the reaction zone is kept constant at a desired value between 90.degree. and 130.degree. C. without adding any external cooling or heating energy. Pure hydrochloric acid is recovered in an absorption zone.

Abstract: Vanadium pentoxide can be reduced to the +4 oxidation state from the +5 state, in the manufacture of vanadium-phosphorus-oxide catalyst precursor, (VO).sub.2 H.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.9, by using phosphoric acid as the reducing agent rather than benzyl alcohol. Use of an alkyl silicate with the phosphoric acid insures the correct crystalline species, (VO).sub.2 H.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.9, as indicated by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A phosphate-containing synthetic hydrotalcite of the following empirical formula:xMgO.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.yPO.sub.4.zH.sub.2 Owherein, x, y and z are integers indicating the number of moles present of MgO, PO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 O, respectively. The phosphate-containing hydrotalcite being prepared by the addition of sufficient phosphoric acid to the reaction mixture to liberate carbon dioxide. The phosphate-containing hydrotalcite improves the flame retardant characteristics by providing char promotion to the system.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing hydroxylapatite suitable for chromatographic separation of biopolymers. The process comprises allowing hexagonal prismatic or acicular monetite to react with potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide under heating.

Abstract: Crystalline sodium/aluminum acid phosphates having the formula:Na.sub.a Al.sub.b H.sub.c (PO.sub.4).sub.d.n H.sub.2 Owherein a ranges from 0.6 to 3.3, b ranges from 1.8 to 3.3, c ranges from 12 to 16, d ranges from 7 to 9, and n ranges from 0 to 5, with the proviso that a+3b+c=3d, and especially the compound NaAl.sub.3 H.sub.14 (PO.sub.4).sub.8.4H.sub.2 O, are prepared by coating and drying an atomized precursor solution of stoichiometrically desired acid phosphate on inert solid particles comprising a fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate comprising the steps of (a) dissolving at least one member selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide in water with at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sugar, a sugar alcohol, and a polyhydric alcohol; (b) and adding phosphoric acid to the solution obtained to precipitate a calcium phosphate.

Abstract: A detergent composition contains a detergent active material, a carbonate builder, such as sodium carbonate, and a calcium containing compound ideally selected from specific calcium pyrophosphates, as an antideposition agent. The latter is characterized by a defined calcium influence test. Preferred calcium pyrophosphate compounds may be made by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate at a pH of less than 3.6 and removing the precipitate which forms.

Abstract: Relatively pure monopotassium phosphate is produced from wet process phosphoric acid in a process wherein the phosphoric acid is mixed with potassium chloride and recycled components from downstream product and by-product recovery steps and heated to permit hydrogen and chloride to evolve from the melt as gases and wherein the melt is subsequently treated so as to remove impurities so that the monopotassium phosphate may be recovered as a relatively pure crystalline product with low chloride content.

Abstract: A phosphate-containing synthetic hydrotalcite of the following empirical formula:xMgO.multidot.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.yPO.sub.4 .multidot.zH.sub.2 Owherein, x, y and z are integers indicating the number of moles present of MgO, PO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 O, respectively. The phosphate-containing hydrotalcite being prepared by the addition of sufficient phosphoric acid to the reaction mixture to liberate carbon dioxide. The phosphate-containing hydrotalcite improves the flame retardant characteristics by providing char promotion to the system.

Abstract: A method of producing fluorapatite wherein predetermined amounts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, and calcium fluoride are weighed, subjected to a mechanochemical action, and caused to react with one another in water. With this method, a fluorapatite having a uniform composition can be obtained without the accompaniment of by-products. A moisture sensitive resistor of the present invention can be obtained by sintering the fluorapatite produced in accordance with this method. This moisture sensitive resistor has a sufficiently low resistance corresponding to a humidity, and has substantially no hysteresis.

Abstract: A composition of matter in particulate, crystalline form. The composition comprises a hydrate-forming phosphate selected from the group consisting of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and trisodium phosphate, between about 0.1% by weight and about 23% by weight added water in the form of water of hydration said water containing in solution sufficient surfactant to provide the composition from about 0.20 ppm and about 125 ppm of a surfactant. Methods for preparing such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for production of desired phosphates from naturally occurring phosphates is characterized by treating naturally occurring phosphates under alkaline conditions to produce a material comprising trisodium and/or tripotassium orthophosphates, carbonating said material in solution, and recovering the desired phosphates from the carbonated solution. The desired phosphates include di- and mono-sodium orthophosphate; pentasodium tripolyphosphate; sodium metaphosphate and its polymers; tetrasodium pyrophosphate; ammonium phosphate; sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate; and the corresponding potassium salts thereof.

Abstract: A sintered hydroxycalcium apatite body having an average particle size of 50-2,000 .mu.m is used to form a packing in a cell separating column for use in separating groups or populations of cells from a suspension of animal cells.

Abstract: A pesticide composition comprising a particulate hydrolyzable metal phosphide is rendered liquid phase water repellent by treating particles of the composition with a silicon-organic compound. The silicon-organic compound has at least one reactive moiety, preferably hydrogen capable of reacting with and binding to reactive sites contained on surfaces of particles of the composition. Preferably, the reactive group is hydrogen and the reactive site is a hydroxy group. The silicon-organic compound can also undergo cross-linking reactions. In the water-repellent treatment the silicon-organic compound may be applied to and be reacted to become bonded to any of the solid ingredients of the composition, including urea which serves as a self-ignition inhibitor. Preferably at least part of the silicon organic compound is bonded to particles of the metal phosphide. Advantages result if all the silicon-organic compound is thus bound to the metal phosphide.

Abstract: A granular anhydrous dicalcium phosphate having a particle of a size sufficient for direct compression tablets and a surface area of greater than 5 meters.sup.2 /gram can be direct compression tableted. This product can be prepared by dehydrating granules of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate of a particle size sufficient for direct compression tableting and sufficiently large to allow the dehydration of the granules without lumping and without fracturing a majority of the granules. The granules are heated at a temperature sufficient to form anhydrous dicalcium phosphate. The product is a granular anhydrous dicalcium phosphate exhibiting good compressibility, flowability and whiteness while being in an anhydrous state.

Abstract: A granular directly compressible anhydrous dicalcium phosphate having a particle size sufficient for efficient direct compression tableting, preferably at least 90 percent greater than 44 microns, a dentin abrasion value of less than 150 and a surface area of greater than 5 meters.sup.2 /gram can be prepared by dehydrating particles of soft dicalcium phosphate dihydrate of a particle size insufficient for direct compression tableting, preferably at least 10 percent less than about 44 microns such as by heating at a temperature sufficient to form anhydrous dicalcium phosphate. The dehydrated particles are then granulated with a binder. The product is a granular anhydrous dicalcium phosphate exhibiting good compressibility and flowability while being in an anhydrous state.

Abstract: A novel sodium orthophosphate has the formula Na.sub.5 H.sub.4 (PO.sub.4).sub.3 wherein the Na/P ratio thereof is essentially 5/3, and which is characterized by but a single crystalline phase and a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A process for producing a copper(II) hydroxide phosphate having the Cu.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2.Cu(OH).sub.2 composition and having a light natural color and an average grain size less than 10 microns. Basic copper carbonate of a bulk density less than 800 grams per liter is treated in an aqueous dispersion with phosphoric acid at temperatures less than 70.degree. C. and the reaction mixture is then mechanically agitated further within the same temperature range.The copper phosphate so obtained is applicable as a smoke-reducing additive in polyvinyl or molding materials containing the same.

Abstract: A heteropoly-acid of the formula:H.sub.3+x (PMo.sub.12-x V.sub.x O.sub.40).nH.sub.2 Owherein x and n are numbers satisfying respectively the equations: 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.3 and n.ltoreq.6, and comprising phosphorus as the central atom and molybdenum or molybdenum and vanadium as the coordinating atoms, or its reduction-form product, which is in a cubic crystal structure having diffraction lines at lattice spacings (d) of at least 8.4, 6.8, 5.9, 4.8, 4.2 and 3.4 in the X-ray powder diffraction. The heteropoly-acid is useful as a catalyst, especially as a catalyst in the production of methacrylic acid by the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein.

Abstract: A process of producing sodium hypophosphite (Na.sub.2 H.sub.2 PO.sub.2) is disclosed wherein the yield of the product is increased. The process comprises increasing the NaOH/P.sub.4 ratio above stoichiometric quantity to from about 2.4 to about 3.0 while maintaining a Ca(OH).sub.2 /P.sub.4 ratio of above about 1.21 in the reaction wherein phosphorus, sodium hydroxide, calcium, hydroxide and water are reacted to produce sodium hypophosphite. The invention further comprises a corresponding increase in dilution (H.sub.2 O/P.sub.4) to from about 38 to about 60.

Abstract: A process of producing sodium hypophosphite (NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.2) is disclosed wherein the yield of the product is increased. The process comprising reacting phosphorus, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and water wherein the H.sub.2 O/P.sub.4 ratio is increased from about 35 to from about 38 to about 60.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making calciummonohydrogen phosphate dihydrate with a high degree of whiteness from pure phosphoric acid and naturally occurring calcium carbonates. More particularly, a fine-particulate calcium carbonate is suspended in water and the suspension is mixed at temperatures between 0.degree. and 60.degree. C. with phosphoric acid so as to establish a Ca/P-ratio of 0.20 up to 0.57. The phosphoric acid is added in quantities per unit time preventing the resulting mixture from foaming over. Next, solid matter constituents are separated from the mixture, after CO.sub.2 has ceased to evolve, with the resultant formation of a clear colorless acid solution. This solution and an aqueous suspension or solution of pure alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or hydroxides, are jointly introduced into a reaction zone at a reaction temperature of 20.degree. to 45.degree. C. so as to establish a pH-value initially of 2.0 to 5.