Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes an intake chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the intake chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas with a cooling agent. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method adapted for integration with a carbonate absorption/stripping process for removal of carbon dioxide, the method and system including the steps of: converting a source of alkali from a first industry to a non-carbonate alkali; feeding the non-carbonate alkali as makeup to a carbonate absorption system for stripping carbon dioxide from emissions from a second industry; recovering an output from the system for stripping carbon dioxide, and in the process of conversion of the alkali from the first industry, utilising energy from the second industry.

Abstract: A catalyst charge for ammonia oxidation, including the Andrussow process, comprises a first stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of oxidizing 20 to 99% of designed ammonia throughput, to produce a first stage product gas comprising unreacted ammonia, oxygen and nitrogen oxides, and a second stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of completing the oxidation of unreacted ammonia. Low levels of nitrous oxide are produced an extended campaign lengths may be seen.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hafnium nitrate thin film includes placing phosphorus pentoxide in a first vessel; connecting the first vessel to a second vessel containing hafnium tetrachloride; cooling the second vessel with liquid nitrogen; dropping fuming nitric acid into the first vessel producing N2O5 gas; allowing the N2O5 gas to enter the second vessel; heating the first vessel until the reaction is substantially complete; disconnecting the two vessels; removing the second vessel from the liquid nitrogen bath; heating the second vessel; refluxing the contents of the second vessel; drying the compound in the second vessel by dynamic pumping; purifying the compound in the second vessel by sublimation to form Hf(NO3)4, and heating the Hf(NO3)4 to produce HfO2 for use in an ALCVD process.

Abstract: A process for producing potassium nitrate and other metal nitrates from the chlorides, sulfates, oxides of these metals. The process uses nitrogen dioxide as a true fluidizing medium in shallow beds of the aforementioned solids at moderately elevated temperatures in a continuous counter current process to convert the metal chlorides, sulfates, and oxides, into metal nitrates and effluent gas and water vapor. The process may be carried out in a series of true fluidized beds arranged in a vertical configuration so that the solids flow downward due to the fluidized process and the nitrogen dioxide gas flows counter currently in an upward direction producing pure metal nitrates at the bottom and nitrosyl chloride gas and/or water vapor at the top.

Abstract: A process for producing potassium nitrate and other metal nitrates from the chlorides, sulfates, oxides of these metals. The process uses nitrogen dioxide as a true fluidizing medium in shallow beds of the aforementioned solids at moderately elevated temperatures in a continuous counter current process to convert the metal chlorides, sulfates, and oxides, into metal nitrates and effluent gas and water vapor. The process may be carried out in a series of true fluidized beds arranged in a vertical configuration so that the solids flow downward due to the fluidized process and the nitrogen dioxide gas flows counter currently in an upward direction producing pure metal nitrates at the bottom and nitrosyl chloride gas and/or water vapor at the top.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous conversion of one hydroxylamine salt to another hydroxylamine salt, said process involving a countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction followed by a countercurrent liquid-liquid re-extraction. Characteristically, the extractant is used in the extraction step in the salified form and in the acid form.

Abstract: A process is provided for controlling the emission of nitrogen dioxide from, and the growth of living organisms in, steam condensate cooling towers and catch basins used in conjunction with a condensate of steam derived from an ammonia containing geothermal brine. The process comprises contacting the condensate, in a substantially continuous manner, with a less-than-stoichiometric amount of an oxidizing agent, which results in the oxidation of nitrite in the condensate to a nitrate. The process optionally provides for periodically introducing a biocide into the condensate in an amount which controls organism growth in the cooling tower and catch basin. To prevent system corrosion, the process may include treating the condensate with a non-organic, phosphate-based corrosion inhibitor and scale dispersant.

Abstract: A process for abating the emission of hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen oxide from a condensate of steam, derived from a sulfide- and nitrite-containing geothermal brine, comprising introducing an oxidizing agent into the condensate in an amount less than that which would be required to directly oxidize all the sulfide and nitrite to sulfate and nitrate. The process optionally provides for periodically introducing a biocide into the condensate to control the growth of organism therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of potassium nitrate with co-production of relatively concentrated aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.According to the invention, potassium chloride and nitric acid are reacted in the medium of an organic solvent selected from butanols and pentanols. The solution obtained after the separation of the resulting potassium nitrate, containing hydrochloric acid together with nitric acid and said organic solvent, is subsequently washed thus resulting an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid which contains nitric acid. The nitric acid is extracted by an organic solvent selected from organic esters of phosphoric acid, ketones having five to ten carbon atoms and straight or cyclic polyethers having molecular weight in the range of 100 to 1000 and polyalkylene glycols which are slightly miscible in water and having molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 3000, or mixtures thereof, preferably in the presence of an organic diluent.

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonium nitrate is provided wherein ammonium chloride is contacted with a gaseous stream containing nitrogen dioxide, in an inert liquid dispersing medium.