Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method for a glass article, including: a pre-heating step (S1) of heating a transfer pipe (7); and a transfer step (S4) of causing molten glass to flow through the transfer pipe (7) after the pre-heating step (S1). The transfer pipe (7) includes a main body portion (8) having a tubular shape and a flange portion (9a, 9b) formed on an end portion of the main body portion (8). The main body portion (8) is retained by a refractory (10). In the pre-heating step (S1), the main body portion (8) is heated while the flange portion (9a, 9b) is movably supported so that the flange portion (9a, 9b) is moved in accordance with extension of the main body portion (8).

Abstract: A process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia gas by way of an oxygen-containing gas in a presence of a noble metal-containing catalyst may be employed to give nitrogen monoxide. A temperature of an ammonia/air mixed gas may be optimized in respect of nitrogen monoxide selectivity of the reaction before contact with the catalyst. Examination of catalytic NH3 oxidation according to 4NH3+5O2?4NO+6H2O revealed that an optimum mode of operation of an NH3 burner in an HNO3 plant is not to be achieved by maintenance of a constant gauze temperature of the catalyst gauze by automatic setting of the NH3:air ratio. Rather, there is an optimum temperature for each process condition that should be set not by changing the NH3:air ratio but instead by altering the temperature of the NH3/air mixed gas before contact with the catalyst gauzes.

Abstract: Surface-modified nanoparticles are produced by associating ligand interactive agents with the surface of a nanoparticle. The ligand interactive agents are bound to surface modifying ligands that are tailored to impart particular solubility and/or compatibility properties. The ligand interactive agents are crosslinked via a linking/crosslinking agent. The linking/crosslinking agent may provide a binding site for binding the surface modifying ligands to the ligand interactive agents.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for reacting a starting material in at least two reactors connected to each other, including the reacting of the starting material in a first reactor to a first product, removing the first product from the first reactor using a jet pump, wherein a negative pressure zone of the jet pump is operationally connected to the first reactor, so that the first product of the first reactor moves through the negative pressure zone in a propulsion jet of a propulsion medium of the jet pump, conducting the propulsion medium having the first product into a second reactor, wherein the first product is allowed to react into a second product, separating the second product from the propulsion medium and discharging the separated second product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of urea ammonium nitrate, a system and a method of modifying a plant. The process comprises treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate (AN off-gas) with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of urea ammonium nitrate, a system and a method of modifying a plant. The process comprises treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate (AN off-gas) with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials for improving the ignition of gaseous reactants in metal catalyzed oxidation reactions comprising a metal catalyst gauze, preferably, a platinum/rhodium catalyst gauze, having in contact therewith, from 0.25 to 1.5 wt. %, based on the weight of the metal catalyst gauze, of one or more pieces of previously used metal catalyst gauze. Further, methods of making the metal catalyst materials comprise shaping the pieces of previously used metal catalyst gauze and placing them equidistant from each other in contact with or on the surface of the metal catalyst gauze. And methods of using the materials comprise feeding into the reactor a gas mixture of oxygen or air and one or more reactant gases, and igniting the gas mixture at the surface of one or more or all of the pieces of previously used metal catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of urea allowing a substantial reduction, even down to zero, of the continuous emission of ammonia conventionally resulting from such a process. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the urea-forming reaction from carbon dioxide and ammonia is conducted in a synthesis section that does not require passivation by oxygen. As a result of the absence of oxygen, a hydrogen-rich gas stream results from the synthesis section, that can be used as a fuel in an incinerator. In the incinerator, ammonia-comprising gas streams from the urea production process are combusted.

Abstract: Metal and semiconductor nanoshells, particularly transition metal nanoshells, are fabricated using dendrimer molecules. Metallic colloids, metallic ions or semiconductors are attached to amine groups on the dendrimer surface in stabilized solution for the surface seeding method and the surface seedless method, respectively. Subsequently, the process is repeated with additional metallic ions or semiconductor, a stabilizer, and NaBH4 to increase the wall thickness of the metallic or semiconductor lining on the dendrimer surface. Metallic or semiconductor ions are automatically reduced on the metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles causing the formation of hollow metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles. The void size of the formed hollow nanoparticles depends on the dendrimer generation. The thickness of the metallic or semiconductor thin film around the dendrimer depends on the repetition times and the size of initial metallic or semiconductor seeds.

Abstract: A process for producing nitric acid is disclosed in which a gaseous oxidizer feed composed at least substantially of ammonia, steam and an oxidizing gas is exposed to conditions whereby the ammonia is oxidized to produce a reaction mixture including nitrogen monoxide and water vapor. The reaction mixture is then cooled in a heat exchanger whereby: a) the nitrogen monoxide is oxidized and the water vapor is caused to condense, b) the products of the nitrogen monoxide oxidation react with and are absorbed by the condensed water, and c) substantially all of the nitrogen monoxide in the reaction mixture is converted to nitric acid. Also disclosed is a nitric acid solution when produced by the disclosed process.

Abstract: Water-dispersible nanoparticles are prepared by applying a coating of a multiply amphipathic dispersant to the surface of a hydrophobic nanoparticle comprised of a semiconductive or metallic material. The multiply amphipathic dispersant has two or more hydrophobic regions and two or more hydrophilic regions, and is typically polymeric. Preferred polymeric dispersants are comprised of (1) a hydrophobic backbone with hydrophilic branches, (2) a hydrophilic backbone with hydrophobic branches, or (3) a backbone that may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and substituted with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic branches. Monodisperse populations of water-dispersible nanoparticles are also provided, as are conjugates of the water-dispersible nanoparticles with affinity molecules such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and articles that include a plasmon-resonating nanostructure that employ a photo-thermal mechanism to catalyze the reduction of an oxidant. As such, the plasmon-resonating nanostructure catalyzes a redox reaction at a temperature below a predetermined activation temperature. The method can be efficiently used to catalyze the reduction of an oxidant, for example in a catalytic reactor or in a fuel cell that includes a photon source.

Abstract: By a method and a device for preventing corrosion on and in the region of a gas inlet nozzle during nitric acid condensation, contact of the condensing gas with the nozzle and with the surroundings of the nozzle are supposed to be minimized. This is achieved in that the gas inlet nozzle has a sleeve on the inside in the transition region to the interior of the condenser, by which sleeve a gas inlet orifice in the form of an annular gap is formed, whereby the annular space is provided with at least one feed opening for secondary air, so that an enveloping flow of secondary air is produced around the entering NO gas.

Abstract: A catalyst containment unit, includes two concentric perforate members defining an annular space in which a particulate catalyst may be placed, and process fluid-impermeable end members mounted on the ends of the perforate members, wherein one end member extends across the unit to provide a closed end and the other end member closes the annular space thereby providing an open end through which gases may enter or exit the unit, and suspending means attached to one or both end members for securing the unit within an ammonia oxidation vessel. The unit may be suspended, for example, below a precious metal ammonia oxidation gauze pack and may contain a particulate ammonia oxidation catalyst or nitrous oxide abatement catalyst. A catalyst combination includes a precious metal ammonia oxidation catalyst gauze on a supporting framework and a particulate catalyst disposed in a catalyst containment unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air filtration system and a method for making a photocatalytic oxidation substrate by powder coating a photocatalyst onto a metal substrate.

Abstract: By a method and a device for preventing corrosion on and in the region of a gas inlet nozzle during nitric acid condensation, contact of the condensing gas with the nozzle and with the surroundings of the nozzle are supposed to be minimized. This is achieved in that the gas inlet nozzle has a sleeve on the inside in the transition region to the interior of the condenser, by which sleeve a gas inlet orifice in the form of an annular gap is formed, whereby the annular space is provided with at least one feed opening for secondary air, so that an enveloping flow of secondary air is produced around the entering NO gas.

Abstract: A catalyst charge for ammonia oxidation, including the Andrussow process, comprises a first stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of oxidizing 20 to 99% of designed ammonia throughput, to produce a first stage product gas comprising unreacted ammonia, oxygen and nitrogen oxides, and a second stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of completing the oxidation of unreacted ammonia. Low levels of nitrous oxide are produced an extended campaign lengths may be seen.

Abstract: Improved reactors for catalytic, exothermic gas phase reactions with, as seen in the flow direction of a feed gas, which contains at least one oxidant and at least one component to be oxidized, an entry zone (1), a reaction zone (2) comprising at least one catalyst (4) and an exit zone (3) for the product gas are described. The reactors, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), have means, for example insulating jackets (6) and/or devices for the transport of cooling agents, which decrease the transport of heat produced in the reaction zone (2) into the entry zone (1) and thus decrease the risks of pre-ignition of the feed gas mixture employed or of the course of undesired side reactions in the entry zone (1) and/or wherein the inner walls of the reactor, at least in the area of the entry zone (1), are elaborated from inert material. The feed gas enters into the entry zone (1) as a homogeneous gas mixture with respect to its substance composition via one or more feed lines (30).

Abstract: A catalyst containment unit includes two concentric perforate members defining an annular space in which a particulate catalyst may be placed, and process fluid-impermeable end members mounted on the ends of the perforate members, wherein one end member extends across the unit to provide a closed end and the other end member closes the annular space thereby providing an open end through which gases may enter or exit the unit, and suspending means attached to one or both end members for securing the unit within an ammonia oxidation vessel. The unit may be suspended, for example, below a precious metal ammonia oxidation gauze pack and may contain a particulate ammonia oxidation catalyst or nitrous oxide abatement catalyst. A catalyst combination includes a precious metal ammonia oxidation catalyst gauze on a supporting framework and a particulate catalyst disposed in a catalyst containment unit.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and/or controlling performance of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control system includes injecting a quantity of a pollution neutralizing gas into a combustion gas stream containing a pollutant gas. The method also includes passing the stream over a catalyst bed to facilitate a reaction of the pollution neutralizing gas with the pollutant gas to produce an effluent and measuring a ratio of the pollution neutralizing gas to the pollutant gas in the effluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air filtration system and a method for making a photocatalytic oxidation substrate by powder coating a photocatalyst onto a metal substrate.

Abstract: A lamellar crystalline organic polymer containing acidic groups and/or ammonium salt thereof, such as ammonium salt of polymuconic acid, is mixed with a substance containing a metal ion such as alkali metal ion, to prepare a metal ion-containing polymer having a structure in which the metal ion is intercalated between the layers of the lamellar crystalline organic polymer having acidic groups. Subsequently, metal ion exchange reaction is conducted if necessary. Thereafter, the metal ion is reduced to produce fine metal particles. Thus, a crystalline organic polymer in which fine metal particles are dispersed in a crystalline organic polymers obtained.

Abstract: A lamellar crystalline organic polymer containing acidic groups and/or ammonium salt thereof, such as ammonium salt of polymuconic acid, is mixed with a substance containing a metal ion such as alkali metal ion, to prepare a metal ion-containing polymer having a structure in which the metal ion is intercalated between the layers of the lamellar crystalline organic polymer having acidic groups. Subsequently, metal ion exchange reaction is conducted if necessary. Thereafter, the metal ion is reduced to produce fine metal particles. Thus, a crystalline organic polymer in which fine metal particles are dispersed in a crystalline organic polymer is obtained.

Abstract: Various methods and systems for augmenting the amount of NOX in the exhaust of an exhaust flow simulation system. These methods and system can be “combustion” or “post combustion”. A combustion embodiment injects a nitrogen-containing compound (doping agent) into the burner, so that it mixed and combusted with the fuel.

Abstract: Conductive fine particles which prevent a leak current from being caused by conductive fine particles as a result of fine-pitched electrodes and are low in connection resistance and excellent in conduction reliability, and an anisotropic conductive material using the conductive fine particles. The conductive fine particles have the surfaces of base material fine particles covered with conductive films, with the conductive films provided on the surfaces thereof with swelling protrusions, wherein the swelling protrusions have an average height of at least 50 nm, the portions of swelling protrusions consist of, as a core material, conductive materials different from those of the conductive films, and the outer peripheries of the conductive fine particles are provided with insulating coating layers or insulating fine particles, preferably the thickness of the insulating coating layers being at least 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2. This process is carried out at a high temperature, generally of between 700 and 1000° C., at a high HSV and in the presence of a catalyst composed of a mixed oxide of zirconium and of cerium existing in the form of a solid solution.

Abstract: A process for producing nitric acid of a concentration in the range of 68 to 76% by weight, using the mono-pressure or the dual-pressure process in which the ammonia feedstock is combusted with the aid of compressed process air. The water vapour content of the process air used for combustion and/or stripping and imported from outside the system, is reduced in this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic device for the implementation of a reaction in a gaseous medium at high temperature, such as, for example, the synthesis of HCN or the oxidation of ammonia, comprising: at least one textured material (1) which is effective as catalyst for the said reaction, a support (2) comprising at least one ceramic part (3), the structure of which makes possible the passage of the gases, the said part (3) of the said support (2) having a corrugated face (6), so that the increase in surface area (?) produced by the corrugations with respect to a flat surface is at least equal to that (?) calculated for sawtooth corrugations and of between approximately 1.1 and approximately 3, the said textured material (1) being positioned so that it is held against the corrugated face (6) of the said part (3) of the said support (2) and follows the form thereof.

Abstract: Water-dispersible nanoparticles are prepared by applying a coating of a multiply amphipathic dispersant to the surface of a hydrophobic nanoparticle comprised of a semiconductive or metallic material. The multiply amphipathic dispersant has two or more hydrophobic regions and two or more hydrophilic regions, and is typically polymeric. Preferred polymeric dispersants are comprised of (1) a hydrophobic backbone with hydrophilic branches, (2) a hydrophilic backbone with hydrophobic branches, or (3) a backbone that may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and substituted with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic branches. Monodisperse populations of water-dispersible nanoparticles are also provided, as are conjugates of the water-dispersible nanoparticles with affinity molecules such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and the like.

Abstract: An electroconductive plate-like titania containing at least 10% by weight of titanium nitride and at least 0.1% by weight of carbon component can provide electroconductive parts which are higher and more uniform in electroconductivity.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous production of alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration ranging from 2 to 10% by weight and their direct use in oxidation processes. The process operates under high safety conditions and with a high productivity and molar selectivity towards the formation of H2O2.

Abstract: Water-dispersible nanoparticles are prepared by applying a coating of a multiply amphipathic dispersant to the surface of a hydrophobic nanoparticle comprised of a semiconductive or metallic material. The multiply amphipathic dispersant has two or more hydrophobic regions and two or more hydrophilic regions, and is typically polymeric. Preferred polymeric dispersants are comprised of (1) a hydrophobic backbone with hydrophilic branches, (2) a hydrophilic backbone with hydrophobic branches, or (3) a backbone that may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and substituted with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic branches. Monodisperse populations of water-dispersible nanoparticles are also provided, as are conjugates of the water-dispersible nanoparticles with affinity molecules such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and the like.

Abstract: A process and a device for reducing the nitrous oxide which is formed during the catalytic combustion of ammonia and oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. A catalyst system including at least one first catalyst mesh element and at least one second catalyst mesh element is used for the catalytic combustion of ammonia and oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, where the minimum of one first catalyst mesh element is a platinum-rhodium mesh and the minimum of one second, downstream catalyst mesh element is a palladium-rhodium mesh with 2-4 wt. % of rhodium.

Abstract: A process and a device for reducing the nitrous oxide which is formed during the catalytic combustion of ammonia and oxygen to form nitrogen oxides is provided, where a catalyst system consisting of at least one first catalyst mesh element and at least one second catalyst mesh element is used for the catalytic combustion of ammonia and oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, where the minimum of one first catalyst mesh element consists of platinum-rhodium mesh and the minimum of one second, downstream catalyst mesh element consists of palladium-rhodium mesh with 2-4 wt. % of rhodium.

Abstract: In the method of preparing nitric oxide by burning NH3 with oxygen, over a catalyst network in which the reaction product gases contain N2O and are cooled, the N2O is eliminated by oxidation or decomposition by immediately passing the reaction product gases over a thermally stable catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for high-temperature catalytic conversion of ammonia in a two-stage catalytic system in which the first stage, in the downstream direction of the flow of gas comprising at least ammonia and oxygen, is a layer of nettings made of alloys comprising platinoids, while the second stage is composed of catalysts that do not comprise noble metals. The field of use of the proposed invention extends to the production of nitric acid and prussic acid, and also hydroxylamine sulfate. The object of the instant invention is to reduce the content and loss of platinoids and to increase the yield of the desired product. This object is attained by passing a reaction gaseous mixture comprising ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas through a two-stage catalytic system in which the first stage in the downstream direction of the flow of gas is a layer of platinoid nettings, and 2-5 spaced layers of a catalyst of a regular honeycomb structure are used in the second stage of the catalytic system.

Abstract: In a process for preparing oxides of nitrogen having a low degree of oxidation by catalytic oxidation of ammonia, ammonia mixed with air and water vapor is oxidized over an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst consisting of a metal of the VIII group supported on acid activated carbon functionalized with sulfonic groups, a process for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen which uses said catalyst and the use of the hydrogen peroxide solution in oxidation processes catalyzed by titanium-silicalite.

Abstract: A process for nondestructive heating and supplying of ammonia feed gas wherein high quality ammonia (typically greater than 90% and as high as 99%) is preserved at temperatures well in excess of the conventional limit of 230° C. (typically from 400 to 700° C.) by controlling the selection of metal surfaces in contact with the hot gas, the bulk temperature of the gas, the wall temperature, the pressure, the contact time, and the spatial surface density. Such hot gases are particularly useful for the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide.

Abstract: A photocatalytic substance whose photocatalytic efficiency is greatly strengthened by making an improvement over titanium dioxide on which micron-size fine metal particles are supported, a base material which holds this photocatalytic substance, and manufacturing methods therefor. By reducing the mean particle diameter of metal particles from the size of fine metal particles on the micron scale to the size of ultra-fine metal particles on the nano-scale, it was succeeded that the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalytic substances such as titanium dioxide, etc. was greatly strengthened. In particular, the feature is that the particle diameter of the ultra-fine metal particles used is set in a range which allows the conspicuous manifestation of a quantum size effect, and the mean particle diameter is in the range of 1 to 10 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides from a gas stream containing same, which comprises passing the gas stream(A) through a stage for absorbing the nitrogen oxides other than N.sub.2 O in an absorbent or reacting the nitrogen oxides other than N.sub.2 O with an absorbent at a pressure of from 1,5 to 20 bar, and(B) through a stage for reducing the amount of N.sub.2 O, preferably employing the pressure level of step A, and to apparatus therefor and the use thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst unit for use in an exothermic reaction, such as ammonia oxidation, comprises a material effective as a catalyst for said reaction having a shape conforming to a disc or cone having a plurality of radially extending corrugations. The catalyst unit may be disposed across a reactor with a start-up burner disposed above the catalyst unit and mounted for rotation about the axis of the reactor. The burner tube is pivoted and provided with means, for example a follower engaging with the upper surface of the catalyst unit, so that as the burner is rotated about the axis the burner tube pivots to maintain the burner tube a constant distance above the upper surface of the catalyst unit.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for converting methane to higher order hydrocarbons. This method includes synthesizing ammonia from natural gas and nitrogen in the presence of a source of hydrogen. The ammonia is converted to nitrous oxide in the presence of a source of oxygen. Methane is coupled in the presence of the nitrous oxide to provide higher hydrocarbons. The invention also discloses a method of balancing reaction heat requirements in a process for converting methane to higher order hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for preparation of nitrous oxide, wherein ammonia is reacted with oxygen in the presence of steam using a copper-manganese oxide catalyst having diffraction angles measured by X-ray diffraction analysis of about 36.degree., about 58.degree. and about 64.degree.; a copper-manganese oxide catalyst suitable for the process. The catalyst is highly active and selective, has a long catalyst-lifetime, gives a non-condensable gas comprising nitrogen, oxygen and nitrous oxide which contains nitrous oxide in a high concentration, and is less deteriorative. The catalyst can be used in a process for preparation of nitrous oxide in which formation of NOx as by-products is reduced; and a process for stably recovering nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A therapeutic oxygen-nitric oxide gas mixture is produced by passing air, oxygen-enriched air or air containing a small amount of ammonia over a noble metal catalyst at an elevated temperature. The product gas containing nitric oxide and a small amount of nitrogen dioxide is passed through a bed of an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs nitrogen dioxide to produce nitric oxide-containing air suitable for administering to humans as an inhalant.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for oxidation of ammonia in the production of nitric acid incorporates a porous ceramic structure which is at least partially coated, the coating including a layer containing alumina, zirconium and cerium, a layer containing cobalt, cerous zirconium and optionally manganese, and a layer containing platinum.

Abstract: A catalyst unit (16), in which a quantity of a relatively expensive material such as platinum is replaced by a greater quantity of a relatively inexpensive material such as palladium. Thus, material cost saved by "tailoring" a pack is used to pay for a large quantity of a cheaper material. Although the cheaper material is generally less intrinsically efficient than the expensive material, a sufficient additional amount of the cheaper material can be used to more than compensate for this lack of efficiency. Thus, a catalytic pack of high catalytic efficiency, low material cost, low metal loss and long run duration can be produced.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of nitric oxide by the Ostwald process where group VIII metal is recovered in a catchment trap, and the nitrous oxide is converted to nitrogen and oxygen by passing it through a bed of zirconium oxide at reaction temperature.

Abstract: A catalyst assembly is disclosed which comprises a plurality of foraminous wire mesh sheets disposed in intimate nested relation to each other along their broad surfaces, the wire sheets defining a non-planar cross-section which consists of a plurality of undulating corrugations. The border of the catalyst assembly is flattened to allow for secure installation in an ammonia converter. The invention includes individual sheets that are stacked adjacent each other, as well as pads comprising multiplicities of sheets that are edge bonded to each other to form integral units. The catalyst assemblies of the present invention provide a combination of increased surface area and reduced pressure drop that is unique and contributes to improve useful life and corresponding reductions in cost and down time. The catalyst assemblies may be easily manufactured and installed and may be prepared in a variety of sizes and shapes to suit the dimensions and requirements of differing reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and/or oxidizing oxidizable reactants. Through using particular mixing and/or oxidizing arrangements, the risk of flammable or explosive reactions can be significantly reduced or prevented. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained.