Abstract: The present disclosure provides a processing method for detecting a state of a mobile telephone in standby, the method includes: determining whether a battery electric quantity of the mobile telephone in standby is high or low according to an electric quantity detecting circuit; determining a work state of a Modem module when the battery electric quantity of the mobile telephone is high; and determining a wakeup subsequent flow according to the determined battery electric quantity of the mobile telephone and the determined work state of the Modem module. The present disclosure further provides an electric quantity detecting circuit and a processing device for state detection of a mobile telephone in standby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an method for producing sodium carbonate by integration of a carbon dioxide capture process with an ammonia-soda process. The present invention moreover relates to a plant for producing sodium carbonate comprising a carbon dioxide capture system and an ammonia-soda system. Uses of fluid streams generated in a carbon dioxide capture process in an ammonia-soda process is moreover disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.

Abstract: The proposed invention uses a classical chemical equation where carbon dioxide CO2 is reacted with quick lime Ca(OH)2 to produce soda carb NaHCO3 and concentrating it to 6% using advanced membrane and resin technology. The invention requires three chemicals CO2, Ca(OH)2, and sodium chloride NaCl to produce NaHCO3. The output of many industrial processes lacks waste heat and in many instances CO2 and the present invention combines a solid waste processing unit to the above processes which allows the production of solid products or high % liquors. Availability of waste heat sources can lead to high efficiency in NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH production. The process is not chloro-alkali electrochemical or Solvay column ammonia processing technique. Advanced membrane uses technologies of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems while resin technology uses ion exchange systems. Therefore, we conveniently call it the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: The method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride provides an environmentally friendly method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride without the production of waste and hazardous byproducts. The method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride is initiated with a volume of brine, which is ammoniated with gaseous ammonia to form ammoniated brine. Limestone is heated to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The ammoniated brine is reacted with the carbon dioxide to produce sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and a brine effluent. The sodium bicarbonate is then calcined and decomposed to produce soda ash and gaseous carbon dioxide. The calcium oxide is reacted with the ammonium chloride to produce calcium chloride, water and ammonia. The ammonia is recycled to be used in the initial step of ammoniating the brine. The water and the brine effluent are also recycled and used to provide the brine in the initial step.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: The method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride provides an environmentally friendly method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride without the production of waste and hazardous byproducts. The method of producing soda ash and calcium chloride is initiated with a volume of brine, which is ammoniated with gaseous ammonia to form ammoniated brine. Limestone is heated to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The ammoniated brine is reacted with the carbon dioxide to produce sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and a brine effluent. The sodium bicarbonate is then calcined and decomposed to produce soda ash and gaseous carbon dioxide. The calcium oxide is reacted with the ammonium chloride to produce calcium chloride, water and ammonia. The ammonia is recycled to be used in the initial step of ammoniating the brine. The water and the brine effluent are also recycled and used to provide the brine in the initial step.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: The proposed invention uses a classical chemical equation where carbon dioxide CO2 is reacted with quick lime Ca(OH)2 to produce soda carb NaHCO3 and concentrating it to 6% using advanced membrane and resin technology. The invention requires three chemicals CO2, Ca(OH)2, and sodium chloride NaCl to produce NaHCO3. The output of many industrial processes lacks waste heat and in many instances CO2 and the present invention combines a solid waste processing unit to the above processes which allows the production of solid products or high % liquors. Availability of waste heat sources can lead to high efficiency in NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH production. The process is not chloro-alkali electrochemical or Solvay column ammonia processing technique. Advanced membrane uses technologies of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems while resin technology uses ion exchange systems. Therefore, we conveniently call it the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: In a process to produce sodium carbonate, a first production solution comprising sodium carbonate is introduced into less basic compartments of an electrodialyser comprising alternating less basic and more basic adjacent compartments separated from each other by cationic membranes, the more basic compartments being delimited by anionic faces of bipolar membranes on one side and by the cationic membranes on the other side; a second production solution comprising sodium carbonate is introduced into the more basic compartments of the electrodialyser; a solution comprising sodium hydroxide is produced into the more basic compartments by combination of sodium ions flux sodium ions crossing the cationic membrane and hydroxyl ions flux crossing the anionic face of the bipolar membranes, and is then extracted from the electrodialyser to be used as a reaction solution; and the reaction solution is reacted with sodium bicarbonate in order to form a produced solution comprising sodium carbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dry regenerable sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas produced by fossil fuel-fired power plants including industrial boilers before being released to atmosphere or from fuel gas stream such as syngas produced by conversion of fossil fuel (e.g. gasification), by dry regenerable sorbent technology. The dry regenerable sorbent comprises: 70 wt % or less of an active component selected from solid compounds capable of being converted to metal carbonates; 70 wt % or less of a support selected from solid porous non-metallic materials capable of imparting a required specific surface area to the sorbent; and 70 wt % or less of an inorganic binder selected from cement-like, clay-like, and ceramic-like binders capable of imparting mechanical strength to the sorbent, the total weight of the solid raw materials being 100 wt %.

Abstract: Methods for heating a solid material comprising a granular material are provided. Dust is removed from the granular material before it is heated. The dust is injected into the exhaust gas from the heater. The heated dust is recovered and combined with the heated granular material.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate crystals comprising: the addition of solid sodium carbonate (1) to an aqueous solution comprising sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate; the crystallization and the separation of sodium sesquicarbonate crystals; (B, C) the crystallization of sodium carbonate crystals, (E) the amount of sodium carbonate added being adjusted so that the crystallization of sesquicarbonate crystals can be carried out without preliminary evaporation of the aqueous suspension.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering sodium carbonate or other sodium-based chemicals from sodium-bearing streams, including in particular mine water, evaporative pond water and sodium carbonate decahydrate deposits, recycle and purge streams, and other waste streams. In the process sodium bicarbonate-bearing streams are decarbonized to reduce the sodium bicarbonate concentration in a combination with other sodium-bearing streams, resulting in a liquor suitable as feed to a sodium carbonate decahydrate or sodium carbonate monohydrate process. The sodium bicarbonate stream is combined in a mix tank with other sodium carbonate bearing streams where the concentration is adjusted to form a liquor suitable to feed a sodium decahydrate or sodium carbonate monohydrate evaporation/crystallization step. In the process the combination of the various sodium-bearing streams is decarbonized to below 3.

Abstract: A process for the production and recovery of crystalline sodium sesquicarbonate and of crystalline sodium carbonate monohydrate from aqueous liquors containing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The crystalline products may optionally be heated or calcined to produce soda ash. The process is particularly suited for the recovery of soda ash from aqueous minewater streams obtained from solution mining of subterranean trona ore deposits.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous potassium carbonate, which comprises calcining potassium hydrogen carbonate crystals having a mean particle diameter of from 100 to 1,000 ?m at a temperature of the object to be calcined of from 100 to 500° C., while introducing a dry gas which has a dew point of not higher than 0° C. and a temperature of from 10 to 50° C.

Abstract: A method of producing sodium bicarbonate having a high degree of purity and obtaining a net reduction in effluent waste water, as compared to prior processes, when starting from trona ore is disclosed. The process entails utilizing the waste-water effluent stream from the conversion of trona ore to sodium carbonate as the feed for the conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for application to the mucosa to be used in drug therapy comprising a water-insoluble and/or water-low soluble substance, a medicament, and an aqueous medium, and having an osmotic pressure of less than 290 mOsm. This composition is superior over conventional pharmaceutical compositions for application to the mucosa, due to efficient and high permeability to the blood at the mucosa. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for application to the mucosa comprising a hemostatic agent and a medicament. This composition is superior over conventional pharmaceutical compositions for application to the mucosa, due to permeability and retentivity at the mucosa.

Abstract: Metal carbonates that are insoluble in water but that have a corresponding metal biocarbonate salt that is more than 75% by weight soluble in water are purified by preparing an aqueous slurry of the metal carbonate: introducing carbon dioxide gas to form a corresponding metal biocarbonate solution and heating that solution to form a purified metal carbonate and precipitate it.

Abstract: A continuous process for directly preparing high purity lithium carbonate from lithium containing brines by preparing a brine containing about 6.0 wt % lithium and further containing other ions naturally occurring in brines; adding mother liquor containing carbonate to precipitate magnesium; adding a solution of CaO and sodium carbonate to remove calcium and any residual magnesium; precipitating lithium carbonate from the purified brine by adding soda ash solution; filtering to obtain solid lithium carbonate; preparing an aqueous slurry of the lithium carbonate and introducing carbon dioxide gas at a temperature from at least minus 10 to +40° C.; passing the lithium bicarbonate solution through a filter to clarify the solution; introducing said filtered lithium bicarbonate solution into a reactor and adjusting the temperature of the solution to from 60–100° C. to precipitate ultra-pure lithium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance and a base with a recycling of a carbonate or bicarbonate by-product and a regeneration of the base. In one embodiment, reaction of an organic substance and a base produces hydrogen gas and a metal carbonate. The instant invention provides recycling of the metal carbonate by-product. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process. In a first step, the soluble metal carbonate is reacted with a metal hydroxide to form a weakly soluble or insoluble metal carbonate that precipitates in a metathesis reaction. The metal hydroxide reactant of the hydrogen producing reaction is also formed in the metathesis reaction and remains in solution. Precipitation of the carbonate thus permits ready isolation of the carbonate by-product, while leaving behind an aqueous metal hydroxide phase that can be returned to and further utilized in the hydrogen producing reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous potassium carbonate, which comprises calcining potassium hydrogen carbonate crystals having a mean particle diameter of from 100 to 1,000 &mgr;m at a temperature of the object to be calcined of from 100 to 500° C., while introducing a dry gas which has a dew point of not higher than 0° C. and a temperature of from 10 to 50° C.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering sodium carbonate or other sodium-based chemicals from sodium-bearing streams, including in particular mine water, evaporative pond water and sodium carbonate decahydrate deposits, recycle and purge streams, and other waste streams. In the process selected sodium bicarbonate-bearing streams are decarbonized to reduce the sodium bicarbonate concentration in a combination with other sodium-bearing streams, resulting in a liquor suitable as feed to a sodium carbonate decahydrate or sodium carbonate monohydrate process. The sodium bicarbonate concentration can be reduced using any number of known processes such as reacting said sodium bicarbonate with a neutralizing agent such as calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or other alkali. Sodium bicarbonate can also be stripped using steam or air.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance and a base with a recycling of a carbonate or bicarbonate by-product and a regeneration of the base. In one embodiment, reaction of an organic substance and a base produces hydrogen gas and a metal carbonate. The instant invention provides recycling of the metal carbonate by-product. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process. In a first step, the soluble metal carbonate is reacted with a metal hydroxide to form a weakly soluble or insoluble metal carbonate that precipitates in a metathesis reaction. The metal hydroxide reactant of the hydrogen producing reaction is also formed in the metathesis reaction and remains in solution. Precipitation of the carbonate thus permits ready isolation of the carbonate by-product, while leaving behind an aqueous metal hydroxide phase that can be returned to and further utilized in the hydrogen producing reaction.

Abstract: A process for recovering sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals from solutions and mother liquors supersaturated in sodium bicarbonate concentration. Feed liquors containing higher levels of sodium bicarbonate than traditionally fed to a sodium carbonate decahydrate crystallizer are used to create a mother liquor within a sodium carbonate decahydrate crystallizer that is supersaturated with respect to sodium bicarbonate. Substantially pure sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals may be precipitated from the supersaturated mother liquor without substantially precipitation of sodium bicarbonate containing crystals.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of sodium carbonate-anhydrate having a bulk density of at least 800 kg/m3, said process comprising: providing a suspension of solid sodium carbonate and/or solid sodium bicarbonate and/or solid double salts at least comprising one of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, in a mixture containing water and an organic, water miscible or partly water miscible solvent, which solvent influences the transition temperature below which sodium carbonate monohydrate is stable, whereby the type and the amount of solvent is selected in such way that the said transition temperature is below the boiling point of the said mixture of water and an organic, water miscible or partly water miscible solvent, in case sodium bicarbonate is present, converting the bicarbonate into carbonate, crystallising sodium carbonate anhydrate from said mixture at a temperature above the said transition temperature and below the said boiling point, and recovering the sodium carbona

Abstract: A method for converting sodium bicarbonate in a sodium carbonate monohydrate crystallization process to maintain a mother liquor composition in a sodium carbonate monohydrate crystallizer below the invariant point for the crystallizer for reducing or eliminating the co-crystallization of sodium sesquicarbonate crystals in the process. The mother liquor composition may be maintained below the invariant point by stripping carbon dioxide from a feed solution or from mother liquor recycled to the crystallizer.

Abstract: A process for the production of soda ash by withdrawing an aqueous mining solution containing dissolved sodium carbonate and at least about 1 wt % sodium bicarbonate from an underground alkali source; stripping CO2 gas from the withdrawn aqueous mining solution, to convert sodium bicarbonate dissolved therein to sodium carbonate; co-crystallizing sodium carbonate monohydrate and sodium sesquicarbonate by evaporation of water from the CO2-stripped aqueous mining solution, without co-crystallization of anhydrous sodium carbonate, to form a slurry of crystalline solids in an aqueous liquor; recovering crystalline solids from the slurry; and calcining the recovered crystalline solids to produce soda ash.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of potassium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. The process involves the treatment of potash brines by the reaction of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate. Syngenite precipitate (CaSO4.K2SO4&khgr;H2O) is produced and a first filtrate containing sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The syngenite precipitate is reacted with ammonium bicarbonate at between 70° C. and 100° C., with the result being calcium carbonate precipitate and a second filtrate containing ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate. The second filtrate is cooled to a temperature of between 20° C. and 50° C. and treated with potassium chloride. A potassium sulfate precipitate results. The sodium bicarbonate is precipitated from the first filtrate by the addition of ammonium bicarbonate to the first precipitate. The sodium bicarbonate may be calcined to form sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A process is presented in which anhydrous soda is crystallized and worked up to produce anhydrous soda crystals with a bulk density from 1300 to 1600 kg/m3. The process is characterized in that a solvent is used that allows the crystals to be formed and handled at atmospheric pressure in the presence of water without the monohydrate of soda being formed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing high purity lithium carbonate which can be used for pharmaceutical applications, electronic grade crystals of lithium or to prepare battery-grade lithium metal. Lithium carbonate as commercially produced from mineral extraction, lithium-containing brines or sea water, in aqueous solution is used as a feedstock and reacted with carbon dioxide under pressure to form dissolved lithium bicarbonate. Impurities in the lithium carbonate feedstock are either solubilized or precipitated out. Dissolved impurities are physically separated from the lithium bicarbonate using an ion selective means, such as an ion exchange material, or by liquid-liquid extraction. Purified lithium carbonate is then precipitated.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium carbonate is provided in which sodium bicarbonate is heated to a temperature of between 80 and 250 .degree. C. and at a pressure between grater than 1 bar and 20 bars. The sodium bicarbonate may be heated in the presence of an activation gas containing carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: The blooming type, hard surface cleaning concentrate compositions according to the invention comprise the following constituents:0.1-10% wt. of a terpene containing solvent which desirably includes both pine oil and d-limonene;0.1-12% wt. of at least one organic solvent other than a terpene containing solvent constituent;0.1-20% wt. of a nonionic surfactant system which includes both at least one non-ionic surfactant constituent which desirably includes at least one nonionic surfactant having an HLB of greater than or equal to 10, and at least one nonionic surfactant based on a C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 primary alcohol ethoxylate which exhibits a cloud point of about 20.degree. C. or less in water;a bloom enhancing effective amount at least one amphoteric surfactant selected from alkylampho(mono)- and (di)-acetates, as well as alkylampho(mono)- and (di)-propionates, and aminopropionates;and the balance, to 100% wt. of water.

Abstract: The concentration of carbon monoxide in a gaseous medium is reduced by selective catalytic oxidation in the presence of gaseous oxygen by passing the gaseous medium through a catalyst capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide in an exothermic reaction at temperatures within a given temperature range and by controlling the temperatures encountered in the catalyst in such a manner that the exothermic reaction takes place first above a threshold temperature below which the catalyst would be rapidly inactivated at the relatively high carbon monoxide concentrations present in the gaseous medium as it enters the catalyst, and subsequently, after the carbon monoxide concentration has been reduced to an acceptable level, at less than the threshold temperature to further reduce the carbon monoxide concentration to a desired minimum level below that achievable at temperatures above the threshold temperature.

Abstract: A process for recovery of alkali values from trona in which trona is dissolved, the sodium carbonate in the feed solution is converted to sodium bicarbonate by introducing carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate is crystallized and separated from a mother liquor, and sodium bicarbonate in the mother liquor is converted to sodium carbonate by introducing air to form a recirculating dissolving solution which is used to dissolve the trona.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. The process includes reacting within a reactor sodium sulfate in aqueous solution with ammonia and carbon dioxide to precipitate sodium bicarbonate and form a first mother liquor. The sodium bicarbonate is separated and dried to produce sodium bicarbonate product. Alternatively, the sodium bicarbonate may be calcined to convert it to sodium carbonate. The first mother liquor may be evaporated to precipitate unreacted sodium sulfate, with the formation of a second mother liquor. The second mother liquor may be cooled to precipitate a double salt of sodium sulfate/ammonium sulfate and water. A third mother liquor is formed from this process. The latter-mentioned liquor from the precipitation of the double salt is evaporated to precipitate a substantial pure ammonium sulfate in a purity of greater than approximately 75 wt %. A fourth mother liquor is formed.

Abstract: A method for producing anhydrous alkali metal carbonates by mixing sodium bicarbonate with a stoichiometric equivalent of an alkaline metal hydroxide in an aqueous solution which reacts in an exothermic reaction to produce a thermally stable alkaline compound of the bicarbonate and hydroxide used, free of other compounds. On dehydrating, without the need of higher temperatures of calcination, one yields an anhydrous alkali metal carbonate or a mixed alkali metal carbonate depending on whether the alkali metal hydroxide used is not sodium but some other member of the alkali metal family. The active element on hydration of these mixed alkali metal carbonates is the alkali metal of the hydroxide used with the sodium bicarbonate to produce the anhydrous mixed alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium carbonate and other sodium-based chemicals from an aqueous solution containing sodium bicarbonate by contacting an aqueous solution of a bicarbonate-containing composition with a gas that is predominately other than carbon dioxide in an amount and for a time adequate to cause a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide to leave the aqueous solution to reduce the amount of bicarbonate ion in the solution by converting the bicarbonate to carbonate as carbon dioxide leaves the solution and thereafter converting the remaining solution to other sodium salts.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkali metal carbonate, e.g. sodium carbonate, comprises passing a solution or suspension of the alkali metal chloride and bicarbonate over an ion exchange resin which is chloride retaining and has a basicity greater than that of the bicarbonate ion. The product is an aqueous or suspension of the alkali metal carbonate. In the case where the alkali metal is sodium, the product may be used for brine purification in a conventionl Ammonia Soda process.