Abstract: An air purifying agent comprising a carrier which contains short pulp fiber, on which one or more chemical components selected from the group consisting of acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, reducing agents and antimicrobial components are supported. According to the present invention, an air purifying agent which is low in weight, is safe to handle and exhibits excellent effect in removing contaminated gases containing low concentrations of contaminants.

Abstract: A process is described for producing sodium-based chemicals from a brine containing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate by heating the brine to evaporate water and drive off carbon dioxide and obtain a solution that will crystallize sodium sesquicarbonate, cooling the solution, precipitating sodium sesquicarbonate crystals and separating a first mother liquor from the sesquicarbonate crystals. The first mother liquor is then cooled to a lower temperature to precipitate sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals, the decahydrate crystals are separated from a second mother liquor and the decahydrate crystals are recovered for use in the manufacture of sodium-containing chemicals, such as sodium carbonate monohydrate, anhydrous sodium carbonate or soda ash.

Abstract: A process for the wet calcination of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate or mixtures thereof comprising forming a suspension of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate or said mixture in a water-immiscible relative high boiling liquid, and heating the suspension to form sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for the dry carbonation of an alkali metal or ammonium carbonate, utilizing a low carbon dioxide-containing carbonating gas stream, and more particularly, a process for the production of a bicarbonate sorbent useful in the desulfurization of flue gases from the low carbon dioxide-content flue gases themselves.

Abstract: A process for producing anhydrous sodium carbonate by the pyrolysis of wet sodium bicarbonate, which comprises (a) a step of forming a complex salt selected from the group consisting of Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.3NaHCO.sub.3 and Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.NaHCO.sub.3.2H.sub.2 O by the pyrolysis of wet sodium bicarbonate under such temperature and pressure conditions that said complex salt is stable, and (b) a step of forming anhydrous sodium carbonate by the pyrolysis of said complex salt under such temperature and pressure conditions that the anhydrous sodium carbonate is stable.

Abstract: Soda ash is prepared from dry-mined nahcolite ore by partially calcining the ore, dissolving the ore in aqueous solution, separating the resultant solution from the ore insolubles, crystallizing anhydrous sodium carbonate or sodium carbonate monohydrate, and recovering the crystallized sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for the dry carbonation of an ammonium or alkali metal carbonate containing material, or a mixture thereof, for conversion to the corresponding bicarbonate containing material comprising reacting in the solid phase an ammonium and/or alkali metal carbonate containing material with liquid water in a carbon dioxide rich atmosphere at a particle temperature of from about 125.degree. F. to about 240.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to effect the desired conversion of the carbonate groups of said carbonate containing material to bicarbonate groups, the reaction temperature being controlled by the evaporation of liquid water at the reaction site and the removal of the resulting water vapor from the reactor atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the production of sodium carbonate wherein sodium bicarbonate is recovered from a brine containing sodium carbonate by carbonation of the brine under controlled conditions. The sodium bicarbonate is crystallized from the carbonated brine in a multi-stage carbonating, cooling and crystallization process after which it is filtered to produce wet cake. The wet cake is subjected to predrying to provide a predried wet cake of a specified free moisture content and mixed with recycle light ash to provide a dryer feed of specified moisture content to alleviate problems of product fouling or plugging of the dryer. The light ash from the dryer then is bleached and subjected to recrystallization, screening, centrifuging and drying to provide a dried sodium carbonate possessing, after evaporation of the water of hydration and free moisture, less than 0.10 percent moisture and chemical and physical properties meeting commercial dense ash specifications.

Abstract: A method for production of absorptive particles of Wegscheider's Salt (Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.3NaHCO.sub.3) having low bulk density and acceptable flow properties, by reaction of anhydrous sodium carbonate particles with water and carbon dioxide is disclosed. Particles of anhydrous sodium carbonate having a bulk density less than about 750 g/l are contacted with water up to 1.55 times the stoichiometric amount of water required for the formation of sodium carbonate monohydrate. Carbon dioxide is added in two stages; in the first, the reaction zone is maintained at ambient temperatures, the second, the reaction zone is preheated and the reaction temperature is maintained at between about 90.degree. and 105.degree. C. until at least about 50 weight percent Wegscheider's Salt is produced. Water is added to the carbon dioxide in the second stage if less than about 1.20 times the stoichiometric amount of water is added to the particles of anhydrous sodium carbonate in the first stage and when about 1.20 to 1.

Abstract: A method for recovering alkali value from sodium bicarbonate-containing ore by utilizing an aqueous solvent containing ammonia. The aqueous ammonia solvent is contacted with the ore to solubilize the sodium bicarbonate-containing ore. The alkali values in the resulting solution are crystallized, preferably as sodium carbonate monohydrate or as sodium sesquicarbonate, which may be processed to recover soda ash. Aqueous ammonia solvent is preferably regenerated from the mother liquor remaining after recovery of the solids, the ammonia solvent then being employed in a cyclic method to recover additional alkali values from the ore.

Abstract: A thick suspension of sodium carbonate anhydride is obtained by countercurrent contacting of a high pressure steam and a suspension of sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate in a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate. The decomposition reaction is promoted to near completion by maintaining the reaction temperature above 150.degree. C. to realize a high HCO.sub.3.sup.- ion concentration in the solution. The sodium carbonate anhydride suspension is cooled to cause transition of the anhydride to the monohydrate, followed by the separation of the crystalline monohydrate from the mother liquor. Calcination of this monohydrate gives a dense soda ash featuring a high purity and a uniform particle size, while the mother liquor is recycled for the preparation of the sodium bicarbonate suspension.

Abstract: Dried amorphous aluminum hydroxide gels having substantial acid reacting capability over an extended period of time are prepared by drying the gel after contacting the aqueous liquid gel with an inert organic solvent of sufficient solubility in water to replace water in the gel. The dried gel product and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the gel are also novel.

Abstract: An improved method for recovering sulfur from flue gas which contains sulfur dioxide formed from burning sulfur containing fuels. The method first involves the reduction burning of auxilary fuel in the presence of sodium sulfite to convert it to smelt containing sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate. The smelt is dissolved, and the solution reacted with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor forming sodium hydrosulfide. The sodium hydrosulfide is reacted with a high concentration of recycled sodium bicarbonate and stripped with carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate and release the sulfides as hydrogen sulfide from the stripper. The hydrogen sulfide released is then converted to sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur. Pressurized carbon dioxide is used for pressure carbonation of recycled solution from the stripper to convert the sodium carbonate to the high concentration of recycled sodium bicarbonate used for stripping.

Abstract: The process of the present invention resides in the production of an extremely pure basic aluminum-sodium carbonate of the dawsonite type. In the process of the present invention, aluminum hydroxide is reacted with an aqueous sodium bi-carbonate solution at a temperature between 160.degree. and 240.degree. C. and at a pressure of 5-50 atm. The reagents from an aqueous suspension which is stirred throughout the duration of the reaction and the temperature of the reaction is chosen in accordance with the length of crystalline fiber which is to be produced.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine from ammonium chloride which comprises vaporizing ammonium chloride, contacting the vapors with a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, zinc and cadmium whereby a metal chloride is formed and then electrolyzing the metal chloride in the presence of a fused salt electrolyte. The ammonium chloride is preferably obtained from the Solvay soda ash process and the process for producing chlorine is integrated with the Solvay process. The integrated process produces chlorine at a substantial energy savings and without calcium chloride being produced as a by-product.

Abstract: Conversion of sodium sesquicarbonate particles to particles of lower bulk density, as low as 180 grams per liter, with high absorption property capable of absorbing as much as 40 percent of wetting agent and with good resistance to breakage and attrition and with mild alkalinity of less than 9.9 pH to a pH approaching 9.4 without loss of particulate identity, by passing the particles through a reaction zone at a temperature of 70.degree. to 105.degree. C. and introducing a gas mixture containing 15-85 percent CO.sub.2 and 15-80 percent water vapor and maintaining the gas mixture in contact with the particles until the particles contain at least 10 percent Wegscheider's Salt and continuing the reaction to produce particles containing 20 to in excess of 95 percent Wegscheider's Salt with a water content of less than 12 percent, said particles being characterized by being in needle-form which in turn are composed of randomly oriented Wegscheider's Salt micro needles.

Abstract: Stable dried aluminum hydroxide gels possessing the high acid reactivity of liquid aluminum hydroxide gel are prepared by drying the gel from non-aqueous solvents.

Abstract: A basic aluminum hydroxycarbonate hydrate, usable as an antacid, is prepared by simultaneously adding aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate and alkali hydrogen carbonate or alkali carbonate to water while maintaining a neutral or weakly alkaline pH and adjusting the pH-value of the reaction mixture, after completed precipitation, to about 6.0 by adding an aluminum salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: Aluminum carbonate hydroxide ammonium, a new compound, is produced by causing a solution of ammonium hydrogencarbonate to be reacted upon by a soluble aluminum salt. .alpha.-Alumina is obtained by thermal decomposition of this ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide. By sintering said .alpha.-alumina, there is obtained sintered .alpha.-alumina.

Abstract: The invention is a heavy sodium carbonate -dense soda- in the form of briquettes, having great density, and includes also the commercial forms of heavy sodium carbonate in the form of powder, grains and briquettes, which products are obtained by grinding - or not as required - the briquettes. The invention also comprises a novel process which produces these briquettes by briquetting of the dry sodium bicarbonate from the SOLVAY or TRONA soda ash fabrication process, which after filtering or centrifuging and drying is briquetted at a pressure between 500 to 1000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; the briquettes with a density of 1.8 kg/dm.sup.3, are then introduced into a heated static space at 700.degree. to 750.degree. C., and maintained there until the bicarbonate briquettes turn into dense sodium carbonate briquettes, with a density of 2.2 - 2.4 kg/dm.sup.3.

Abstract: Low bulk density products containing at least 10% Wegscheider's Salt, by weight, in needlelike form are produced from sodium bicarbonate by heating in the presence of a slow inert gas stream an aqueous feed mixture comprising, by weight, at least about 50% sodium bicarbonate and about 15 to 30% Wegscheider's Salt.

Abstract: Nahcolite-bearing oil shale ore is heated to produce a distinct color change in the nahcolite, differentiating the nahcolite from the host oil shale for optical sorting, and such sorting is then accomplished by optical sorting means.