Abstract: Fine grain metal carbide powders are conveniently prepared from the corresponding metal oxide by heating in an atmosphere of methane in hydrogen. Sintered articles having a density approaching the theoretical density of the metal carbide itself can be fabricated from the powders by cold pressing, hot pressing or other techniques.

Abstract: Methods for making mixtures of hydrocarbons including at least about 85% methane include hydrolyzing at least one metal pseudo-carbide that includes at least one metastable carbide-forming metal element and at least one stable carbide-forming metal element to release methane and the metals, then reforming the pseudo-carbides by reacting the recovered metals with a carbon source such as coal.

Abstract: A plasma-arc process is disclosed for the production of powders of various chemical products, according to endothermic reactions, such as TiC and the like. The process consists essentially in carrying out, in a furnace with an anodic function without dissipative cooling, a series of steps comprising:(a) forming a chemically reactive fluidodynamic mass having a high thermal content and a high concentration of the desired reactive species, by injecting into the electronic column of a plasma-arc of a noble gas at least one reactant selected from the class consisting of metal and metalloid halides, the injection taking place, with mixing through a choker-injector-mixer nozzle which is electrically insulated;(b) causing the electronic condensation of said mass inside a main nozzle anode without dissipative cooling; and(c) injecting into said electronically condensed mass the residual part of said reactants necessary to the desired main chemical reaction for producing the chemical powder.

Abstract: A process for preparing titanium carbide in accordance with the present invention comprises ignition of a mixture consisting of 80-88% by weight of a powder of commercial titanium and 20-12% by weight of finely divided carbon followed by an exothermal reaction of said mixture under the conditions of layer-by-layer combustion with the formation of gaseous by-products; the process is conducted in a porous casing which prevents the mixture from scattering in the course of its intensive cooling, and removing the gaseous products therethrough.The process according to the present invention makes it posible to produce titanium carbide with a content of combined carbon approaching the stoichiometric value (19.5-19.8% by weight), the content of free carbon of 0.08% by weight and oxygen 0.1% by weight. The process according to the invention makes it also possible to use, as the starting materials, commercial products, i.e. products containing impurities.

Abstract: A process for carrying out highly endothermic chemical reactions wherein a reactive metal or a compound thereof is reacted with a source of carbon to form a carbon-containing derivative, preferably a carbide, in the presence of a molten metal. The sensible heat of the molten metal supplies the energy necessary for the reaction.

Abstract: A method for introducing ash-free solid carbon into a reaction vessel while under pressure or vacuum conditions and the conversion of said carbon to a metal carbide for the production of acetylene for use as such and as a precursor in the preparation of other organic compounds. The technique is also used for de-ashing and desulfurizing coal or char and is a method for extracting carbon from any charable substance, including wastes. It is, in addition, used as a method of exploiting the gases evolved from underground carbonaceous deposit fires.

Abstract: A refractory substrate, which generally is graphite or carbon is overcoated with silicon carbide by chemical vapor deposition from gaseous sources of silicon and carbon. The deposition generally takes place in combination with hydrogen and the coating on the substrate generally has a thickness at least equal to the diameter of the substrate itself. A silicon carbide filament containing an inner and outer surface layer of carbon rich silicon carbide, together with a method of making the same, is described.

Abstract: This application concerns a process for generating carbon monosulfide (CS) in quantity for a carbon monoxide (CO) chemical laser using thermochemical dissociation of carbon disufide (CS.sub.2) in a high temperature (T.gtoreq. 2400 K) fuel-oxidizer flame.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacturing of quality engine fuels (hydrocarbons and alcohols) from my hydrogenating fuel alloys and reforming agents.

Abstract: A high temperature chemical reaction process in which mineral ores or inorganic compounds are reduced to a lower valence state with hydrogen, carbon, synthesis gas, or other reducing agent can be conducted in fluid-wall reactors by a process which includes the steps of (a) generating an annular envelope of an inert fluid which is substantially transparent to radiation within a shell of a refractory material which reflects radiation; the volume enclosed by the shell constituting a black body cavity, the envelope having substantial axial length and the interior of the envelope defining a reaction chamber; (b) passing at least one reactant into the black body cavity and through the reaction chamber along a predetermined path substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the envelope, the reactants being confined within the reaction chamber; and (c) directing high intensity radiant energy into the reaction chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the predetermined path of the reactants, sufficient

Abstract: Finely divided borides, carbides, and nitrides of metals of Groups III-VI of the Periodic Table, formed by reacting vaporous metal halide and a boron, carbon, or nitrogen source reactant at high temperatures, e.g., 1500.degree. C., are separated from gaseous reactor effluent stream at temperatures between about 200.degree. C. and 1500.degree. C. with the use of a porous sintered filter. By separating the finely divided product from the effluent stream before the stream cools to below about 200.degree. C., adsorption of impurities, e.g., unreacted metal halide or metal subhalides, on the product is reduced. The use of a filter, e.g., a porous sintered filter, avoids the size classification of product which may result when cyclones and a bag filter are used to collect product.

Abstract: Refractory, hard carbide alloys, intended primarily as replacement for the cast eutectic WC + W.sub.2 C tungsten carbides currently used as hard components in wear-resistant facings, consist of fine-grained and hard two-phase mixtures of subcarbide, (Mo,W).sub.2 C, and hexagonal monocarbide (Mo,W)C, solid solutions, and are formed by solid state decomposition of the pseudocubic, .eta.-(Mo,W).sub.3 C.sub.2, or cubic .alpha.-(Mo,W)C.sub.1-x solid solutions. The carbide alloys of the invention can be combined with low-melting metal binders to form cemented carbide alloys of at least equivalent wear-resistance to alloys using the eutectic tungsten carbides.

Abstract: A composition of material is disclosed which comprises sintered carbide-binder metal alloys. The carbide is a solid solution of hexagonal tungsten monocarbide and molybdenum monocarbide of stoichiometric composition containing between 10 and 100 mole percent molybdenum monocarbide. The binder is selected from the metals of the iron group, and comprises between 3 and 50 weight percent of the composition. A method for making the hexagonal carbide is also disclosed.

Abstract: A partially fluorinated acetylene black composition, represented by the empirical formula CF.sub.x wherein x has a value of from 0.01 to 0.04, is employed as the conductive component in a composite material resistor to form a high resistance value resistor having excellent temperature coefficient of resistivity, voltage sensitivity and Quantech current noise characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a thermo-element having two sections with two electric conductor materials of different thermo-electric properties connected in series. The method involves forming a porous base body with interconnected pores and introducing p and n type conductor materials respectively into the pores of the two sections. The introduction of the two conductor materials involves forming one or two melts of molten silicon which travels through the body via a capillary action. Doping material is introduced in the melt material or directly into the body where it is picked up by the molten material which is subjected to the capillary action. The two conductor materials results by reason of the capillary action producing a reactive sintering between the graphite and the doped silicon melt.

Abstract: A method of growing silicon carbide whiskers from a gaseous phase by means of a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism on a substrate using iron in a finely divided state as a solvent for the silicon carbide.

Abstract: A method of producing benzene on a high yield basis is disclosed in which non-hdyrocarbon carbonaceous raw materials are reacted with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in the form of molten metal, metallic hydroxide or metallic oxide to produce the metallic carbide; the metallic carbide is hydrolyzed to produce acetylene; and the acetylene is cyclized to benzene. Side reactions are controlled to maximize yields. Benzene may be used to extend gasoline.

Abstract: Alkali metal organic compounds including perlithiated organic compounds are produced by contacting an organic compound having a carbon to hydrogen bond or a carbon to halogen bond in its molecular structure or carbon vapor with a vaporous alkali metal under dry conditions and in the absence of a gas that reacts with the alkali metal other than the organic compound. The alkali metal is activated such as thermally or by being passed through a radio frequency field so that it has sufficient energy to break at least one of the bonds. Perlithiated compounds are formed from alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The preparation of metal and metalloid carbides, borides, nitrides silicides and sulfides by reaction in the vapor phase of the corresponding vaporous metal halide, e.g., metal chloride, with a source of carbon, boron, nitrogen, silicon or sulfur respectively in a reactor is described. Reactants can be introduced into the reactor through a reactant inlet nozzle assembly. Inhibition and often substantial elimination of product growth on exposed surfaces of such assembly is accomplished by introducing the corresponding substantially anhydrous hydrogen halide, e.g., hydrogen chloride, into the principal reactant mixing zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of an electrode material containing silver and tungsten carbide for electrochemical cells, particularly fuel cells and storage cells. Tungsten carbide in powder form is placed in a solution of a tungstate; then silver tungstate is precipitated by adding thereto a silver salt and the silver tungstate in the tungsten carbide-silver tungstate mixture is reduced to silver and tungsten, and subsequently the tungsten is carburized to form tungsten carbide. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention covered by this application, which, of course, is measured by the claims, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.