Abstract: Method for removing tar-forming hydrocarbons from an effluent gas mixtures from Chemical Vapor Deposition or Chemical Vapor Infiltration processes. Method includes passing at elevated temperature effluent gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane, and high molecular weight hydrocarbons through a bed that contains iron pellets, thereby decomposing tar-forming high molecular weight hydrocarbons in the effluent gas mixture. Apparatus including a de-tarring vessel (5) having a packed bed (7, 8, 9) of iron or iron oxide pellets (1) resting over a perforated distributor plate (2) and having an exhaust port (12), said de-tarring vessel being operatively linked via an exhaust port (6) to a CVI or CVD reactor vessel.

Abstract: The silicon carbide-based catalytic body of the present invention comprises: a porous body of given shape comprising a first bonded structure formed by bonding a large number of silicon carbide particles as an aggregate to each other in a state that a large number of fine pores are present, and a catalyst containing an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, loaded on the porous body, characterized in that the catalyst is loaded via a crystalline coating film comprising an oxide and formed on at least part of the surfaces of the silicon carbide particles forming the first bonded structure. In the catalytic body, the catalyst such as NOx occlusion catalyst or the like, loaded thereon can maintain its activity over a long period.

Abstract: Erosion resistant coating processes and material improvements for line-of-sight applications. The erosion resistant coating composition includes nanostructured grains of tungsten carbide (WC) and/or submicron sized grains of WC embedded into a cobalt chromium (CoCr) binder matrix. A high velocity air fuel thermal spray process (HVAF) is used to create thick coatings in excess of about 500 microns with high percentages of primary carbide for longer life better erosion resistant coatings. These materials and processes are especially suited for hydroelectric turbine components.

Abstract: A carbon material for producing endohedral metallofullerenes in a high yield is made of a mixture of a metal or metal compound with a carbonaceous material and is used in producing a endohedral metallofullerenes, wherein said carbon material contains a metal carbide and a bulk density of said carbon material is set to 1.80 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A preparation process of polyimide aerogels that composed of aromatic dianhydrides and aromatic diamines or a combined aromatic and aliphatic diamines is described. Also descried is a process to produce carbon aerogels derived from polyimide aerogel composed of a rigid aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride. Finally, the processes to produce carbon aerogels or xerogel-aerogel hybrid, both of which impregnated with highly dispersed transition metal clusters, and metal carbide aerogels, deriving from the polyimide aerogels composed of a rigid aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride, are described. The polyimide aerogels and the polyimide aerogel derivatives consist of interconnecting mesopores with average pore size at 10 to 30 nm and a mono-dispersed pore size distribution. The gel density could be as low as 0.008 g/cc and accessible surface area as high as 1300 m2/g.

Abstract: A preparation process of polyimide aerogels that composed of aromatic dianhydrides and aromatic diamines or a combined aromatic and aliphatic diamines is described. Also descried is a process to produce carbon aerogels derived from polyimide aerogel composed of a rigid aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride. Finally, the processes to produce carbon aerogels or xerogel-aerogel hybrid, both of which impregnated with highly dispersed transition metal clusters, and metal carbide aerogels, deriving from the polyimide aerogels composed of a rigid aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride, are described. The polyimide aerogels and the polyimide aerogel derivatives consist of interconnecting mesopores with average pore size at 10 to 30 nm and a mono-dispersed pore size distribution. The gel density could be as low as 0.008 g/cc and accessible surface area as high as 1300 m2/g.

Abstract: A metal container to be filled with a halogen containing gas, with the inner surface processed with a polishing agent. The gas has a reduced purity decline by the increase of the water content or impurities from the inner surface of the container which is absorbed by the gas over the passage of time. The inner surface processing method is improved such that the value of dividing the area of the Si2s peak by the area of the Fe2p3/2 peak in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the gas container inner surface with the inner surface process with a polishing agent applied is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: A method of making intermetallic nanoscale particles comprising iron aluminide and/or iron aluminum carbide comprising the steps of preparing a mixture of a solvent, an iron salt and LiAlH4, and heating the mixture to form the intermetallic nanoscale particles. The intermetallic nanoscale particles, which can comprise intermetallic nanoscale particles of iron aluminide and/or iron aluminum carbide in an alumina matrix, are capable of reducing the amount of 1,3-butadiene in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of synthesizing high-temperature melting materials. More specifically the invention relates to a containerless method of synthesizing very high temperature melting materials such as borides, carbides and transition-metal, lanthanide and actinide oxides, using an Aerodynamic Levitator and a laser. The object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing extremely high-temperature melting materials that are otherwise difficult to produce, without the use of containers, allowing the manipulation of the phase (amorphous/crystalline/metastable) and permitting changes of the environment such as different gaseous compositions.

Abstract: A composite material includes an SiC porous ceramic sintered body, which is formed by preliminarily sintering a porous body, having a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of copper to construct a network therein. A copper alloy impregnating the porous ceramic sintered body includes copper and one or more additive elements which are prepared to impart a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 160 W/mK or higher to the composite material. The additive elements include up to 5% of at least one element selected from Be, Al, Si, Mg, Ti, Ni, Bi, Te, Zn, Pb, Sn, and mish metal, and also contain unavoidable impurities and gas components.

Abstract: A portable electronic system which obtains power from a dry-electrolyte fuel cell. Water which is produced by the fuel cell is atomized by an ultrasonic transducer, to avoid user inconvenience due to reservoirs or dripping.

Abstract: Disclosed are an iron-carbon composite in which 10 to 90% of the internal space of a nanoflake carbon tube or a nested multi-walled carbon nanotube is filled with iron carbide or iron; a carbonaceous material containing such iron-carbon composites; and a process for preparing the same. The iron-carbon composite is useful for electron emitting materials and other applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to reinforced carbon nanotubes, and more particularly to reinforced carbon nanotubes having a plurality of microparticulate carbide or oxide materials formed substantially on the surface of such reinforced carbon nanotubes composite materials. In particular, the present invention provides reinforced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having a plurality of boron carbide nanolumps formed substantially on a surface of the reinforced CNTs that provide a reinforcing effect on CNTs, enabling their use as effective reinforcing fillers for matrix materials to give high-strength composites. The present invention also provides methods for producing such carbide reinforced CNTs.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing a non-oxide ceramic formed of a metal constituent and a non-metal constituent. A salt of the metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent are introduced into a liquid alkali metal or a liquid alkaline earth metal or mixtures to react the constituents substantially submerged in the liquid metal to form ceramic particles. The liquid metal is present in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the constituents into ceramic particles to absorb the heat of reaction to maintain the temperature of the ceramic particles below the sintering temperature. Ceramic particles made by the method are part of the invention.

Abstract: In a method for recovering Al from an off-gas (3,4) produced during carbothermic reduction of aluminum utilizing at least one smelter (1,2), the off-gas (3,4) is directed to an enclosed reactor (5) which is fed a supply of wood charcoal (7) having a porosity of from about 50 vol. % to 85 vol. % and an average pore diameter of from about 0.05 ?m to about 2.00 ?m, where the wood charcoal (7) contacts the off-gas (3,4) to produce at least Al4C3 (6), which is passed back to the smelter (1,2).

Abstract: Compositions including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide-based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided. The fluid phase catalytic reactions catalyzed include hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurisation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallisation, hydrodeoxigenation, hydrodearomatization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, isomerization, alkylation, dealkylation and transalkylation.

Abstract: An amorphous hard carbon film has low friction coefficient from the beginning of sliding, when the metal oxide is contained in the film. The adhesion of the film to the substrate is also improved due to the low temperature treatment of RF plasma enhanced CVD method. This film can be applied to many sliding members, e.g., a piston ring, a vane of compressor and a plunger of fuel injection pump, used under severe condition.

Abstract: A method for treating a semiconductor processing component, including: exposing the component to a halogen gas at an elevated temperature, oxidizing the component to form an oxide layer, and removing the oxide layer

Abstract: A process for the reduction of a manganese oxide to manganese carbide, the process including contacting the metal oxide in solid form with a gaseous reducing/carburising agent and optionally an inert gas at elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen-storing carbonaceous material obtained by heating a carbonaceous material at more than 50° C. under the atmosphere of reducing gas, a hydrogen-stored carbonaceous material obtained by hydrogen storage in the carbonaceous material heated at more than 50° C. under the atmosphere of reducing gas, and a battery or a fuel cell using the hydrogen-stored carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A carbon material for producing endohedral metallofullerenes in a high yield is made of a mixture of a metal or metal compound with a carbonaceous material and is used in producing a endohedral metallofullerenes, wherein said carbon material contains a metal carbide and a bulk density of said carbon material is set to 1.80 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a structure from a carbide of a group IIa, group IIIa, group IVa, group IVb, group Vb, group VIb, group VIIb or group VIIIb carbon reactive element including the steps of: mixing the element with the carbon; and heating the carbon and the element to melt the element so that it reacts with the carbon to form the carbide; wherein, the carbon and element are heated by means of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency below the infrared spectrum. The method does not waste energy by unnecessary heating of the furnace or surrounding mold. The mold itself may be more stable because it is only heated by hot contained material and not by other sources of heat. Resulting formed products are not a sintered product and may approach one hundred percent of theoretical density. The carbon may be in the form of a powder that is mixed with the element or may be a porous carbon structure such as a graphite fiber mat or sheet into which the carbon reactive element is melted.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a fabrication method of a silicon carbide sintered body, including a step of fabricating a mixed powder slurry by dissolving or dispersing silicon carbide powder, at least one organic material composed of a nitrogen source, and at least one organic material composed of a carbon source or carbon powder in a solvent, a step of fabricating a green body by pouring the mixed powder slurry into a mold and drying and a step of filling pores in the green body by immersing the green body in high purity metallic silicon that has been heated to 1450 to 1700° C. in a vacuum atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere and melted, and generating silicon carbide by reacting silicon sucked up into the pores in the green body by capillary action with free carbon in the green body; and a silicon carbide sintered body obtained by a reaction sintering method, having a density of 2.90 g/cm3 or more and a volume resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or less, and containing nitrogen at 150 ppm or more.

Abstract: A method of efficiently removing active oxy-hydrogens (e.g., existing as hetero element-containing functional groups such as COOH, CHO, and OH) present in a carbon material at a relative low temperature. The invention also provides a carbon-activating material adapted for use in a polarizable electrode typically used in an electrical double-layer capacitor. The method of removing residual active oxy-hydrogens in the carbon material starts with mixing the carbon material and a transition metal or a transition metal compound. The resulting mixture is thermally processed within a stream of a reducing gas. Preferably, the transition metal or transition metal compound is removed from the thermally processed mixture.

Abstract: A thermal treatment system for thermally treating a sterile medium is controlled via a foot actuated switch to thermally treat the sterile medium to a desired temperature and/or form (e.g., slush). The thermal treatment system includes a basin recessed in a system top surface, while a surgical sterile drape is placed over the system and within the basin to form a drape container for containing the sterile medium. The basin may be configured to cool the sterile medium and form sterile surgical slush, or heat the sterile medium to provide warm sterile liquid. A dislodgment mechanism may be employed within a cooling basin to manipulate the drape and dislodge frozen pieces of sterile medium adhered to the drape. Information pertaining to the sterile medium and system operation may be displayed on a system display that has dimensions sufficient to provide visibility of the information to users located within extended ranges from the system.

Abstract: Process for producing Iron carbide wherein, in a first stage, Iron ore is reduced to sponge iron using a reducing gas containing at least 90% hydrogen, on a nitrogen-free basis, to produce a sponge iron having a carbon content of less than 1% wt.; then in a second stage the sponge iron is fluidized at a temperature of 500 to 800° C. with a methane-containing fluidizing gas in a fluidized bed reactor wherein the water content of the gas in the reactor is not more than 1.5% wt., to produce a product wherein at least 85% of the iron content is in the form of Fe3C.

Abstract: An end product containing iron carbide (Fe3C) is produced from an intermediate product consisting of granular, directly reduced iron. Said intermediate product is supplied by an iron ore reduction plant and is fed to a carburization reactor. Liquid hydrocarbons are conveyed to the carburization reactor at temperatures of 500 to 900° C., at least part of the granular, directly reduced iron being subjected to a swirling movement. The end product removed from the carburization reactor consists of 5 to 90 wt. % Fe3C. A fluidization gas containing methane and hydrogen can be added to the carburization reactor in addition to the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen-storing carbonaceous material obtained by heating a carbonaceous material in a gas atmosphere including hydrogen gas and substantially including no reactive gas as impurity gas to store hydrogen.

Abstract: A supported tungsten carbide material is provided. The material has a unique structure as defined by its x-ray diffraction pattern and consists of extremely small crystallites on the order of about 15 to about 30 angstroms in size. The tungsten carbide material is supported on a high-surface-area support to allow for a greater number of active sites for catalysis. The support consists preferably of a high-surface-area carbon.

Abstract: A method for aluminum recovery during the carbothermic production of aluminum in a smelting furnace (1,2) is disclosed, where during carbothermic reduction of alumina, aluminum and aluminum suboxide vapors are produced (3, 4), which are reacting with carbon. Reactive carbon is generated in situ by the cracking of hydrocarbon compounds (6) in a separate closed reactor vessel (5) at a temperature greater than about 1955° C. Solid aluminum carbide that formed during the reaction can then be recycled by a conduit (8) to the primary reactor for reduction to aluminum, and reactor gas (10) can be fed to a cooler (9).

Abstract: Iron carbide is produced by an apparatus comprising first fluidized bed reactor 4 and second fluidized bed reactor 5, wherein the charged grainy iron oxide is reduced and carburized by the high temperature and high pressure gas being introduced from the bottom of the reactor. Both fluidized bed reactors comprise chamber 23 for introducing gas into the reactor, distribution plate 27 having multiple gas-introducing nozzles 28, partition plate 26 partitioning the fluidized bed into plural division rooms, and gas supply inlet 25a, 25b arranged on chamber 23 for supplying gas to specific division room respectively. Each gas supply inlet is connected to gas supply line having a gas flow control valve for controlling gas pressure or gas flow rate.

Abstract: Forming metal and metalloid carbides by mechanically inducing a reduction reaction between a metal chloride (or a metalloid chloride) and a metal carbide. The reduction reactions are induced mechanically by milling the reactants. Alloy carbides may also be produced by mechanically inducing the co-reduction of metal chlorides or metalloid chlorides and a metal carbide according to the equation: M1chloride+M2chloride+M3carbide→M1M2carbide, where M1 is a metal or metalloid, M2 is a metal or metalloid and M3 is a suitable carbide reducing agent.

Abstract: A transition metal carbide is formed from a precursor mixture comprising at least one of the group consisting of: a transition metal, a transition metal carbide and a transition metal oxide. The precursor mixture may contain the desired transition metal carbide (e.g., WC), but if the desired transition metal carbide is present in the precursor mixture, there is necessarily a significant amount of another compound such as a transition metal oxide, undesired carbide (e.g., W2C) or transition metal.

Abstract: A method for aluminum recovery during the carbothermic production of aluminum in a smelting furnace (1,2) is disclosed, where during carbothermic reduction of alumina, aluminum and aluminum suboxide vapors are produced (3, 4), which are reacting with carbon. Reactive carbon is generated in situ by the cracking of hydrocarbon compounds (6) in a separate closed reactor vessel (5) at a temperature greater than about 1955° C. Solid aluminum carbide that formed during the reaction can then be recycled by a conduit (8) to the primary reactor for reduction to aluminum, and reactor gas (10) can be fed to a cooler (9).

Abstract: An apparatus and process for recovering elemental sulfur from a H2S-containing waste gas stream are disclosed, along with a method of making a preferred catalyst for catalyzing the process. The apparatus preferably comprises a short contact time catalytic partial oxidation reactor, a cooling zone, and a sulfur condenser. According to a preferred embodiment of the process, a mixture of H2S and O2 contacts the catalyst very briefly (i.e, less than about 200 milliseconds). Some preferred catalyst devices comprise a reduced metal such as Pt, Rh, or Pt—Rh, and a lanthanide metal oxide, or a pre-carbided form of the metal. The preferred apparatus and process are capable of operating at superatmospheric pressure and improve the efficiency of converting H2S to sulfur, which will reduce the cost and complexity of construction and operation of a sulfur recovery plant used for waste gas cleanup.

Abstract: Forming metal and metalloid carbides by mechanically inducing a reduction reaction between a metal chloride (or a metalloid chloride) and a metal carbide. The reduction reactions are induced mechanically by milling the reactants. Alloy carbides may also be produced by mechanically inducing the co-reduction of metal chlorides or metalloid chlorides and a metal carbide according to the equation: M1chloride+M2chloride+M3carbide→M1M2carbide, where M1 is a metal or metalloid, M2 is a metal or metalloid and M3 is a suitable carbide reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the rapid conversion of iron oxide-containing material into iron carbide. The process includes a first step in which the iron oxide-containing material is contacted with a reducing gas that contains a high concentration of hydrogen gas to form a metallic iron-containing intermediate product and a second step in which the metallic iron-containing product is contacted with a carburizing gas having high concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas to produce iron carbide. The unused carbon monoxide in the off-gas from the second step is not recycled to the second step but is used as a fuel source.

Abstract: An independent and conserved source of fuel and/or power comprises a top stage rocket engine firing up to 5000 F. at very high pressures, delivering jet flows up to transonic velocities into a near adiabatic tunnel for mixing in general and/or for transforming reactants introduced selectively. The related compression is supplied by an independent prime mover which compresses its exhaust and other recoverable fluids. Low grade flows, thereby upgraded in temperature and pressure, are adiabatically contained, are further upgraded in the tunnel to become part of the prescribed fuel for export at the tunnel ends; or fuel to be fired in a prime mover for electric or other power; or hydrogen for chemical use. Expansion turbines for this purpose are relieved of the load used to compress the excess air in standard gas turbines thus increasing export power. A portion of the expansion turbine's exhaust becomes part of recoverable fluids.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing iron carbide in which free carbon is generated with difficulty. When iron carbide is produced by reducing and carburizing iron-containing raw materials for iron making using a reaction gas mainly containing hydrogen and methane, steam or carbon dioxide is added into fluidized bed reactor (1) through line (7) in addition to the reaction gas supplied from line (2) into reactor (1) corresponding to a quantity of free carbon generated in reactor (1) which is obtained by means of dust meter (9). Consequently, the generation of the free carbon can be controlled.

Abstract: A continuous process for the conversion of biomass to form a chemical feedstock is described. The biomass and an exogenous metal oxide, preferably calcium oxide, or metal oxide precursor are continuously fed into a reaction chamber that is operated at a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form reaction products including metal carbide. The metal oxide or metal oxide precursor is capable of forming a hydrolizable metal carbide. The reaction products are quenched to a temperature of 800° C. or less. The resulting metal carbide is separated from the reaction products or, alternatively, when quenched with water, hydolyzed to provide a recoverable hydrocarbon gas feedstock.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbon-containing composition is disclosed which comprises the steps of introducing, into a hot gas, a dispersion obtained by dispersing, in a decomposable carbon compound, a metal oxide and/or a metal compound which can be converted into the metal oxide by heating, to form a carbon-containing composition containing simple carbon and the corresponding metal oxide; and then collecting the formed carbon-containing composition. This carbon-containing composition is useful for the manufacture of a ceramic powder for sintering.

Abstract: Iron carbide (Fe 3 C) is produced from granulated j sponge iron which has a maximum carbon content of 2 wt. % and is supplied from an iron ore reducing plant. The sponge iron is swirled with a gas containing carbon and a maximum 1.5 vol. % water in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures ranging, from 500 to 800° C. A product is extracted from the reactor. The total iron content of said product is fixed at a minimum of 80 wt. % Fe 3 C. Preferably, methane or a gas containing methane is fed into the fluidized bed reactor as a gas containing carbon. A waste gas can be extracted from the top area of the fluidized bed reactor and hydrogen can be separated therefrom and at least partially directed into the reducing plant.

Abstract: An image forming member for electrophotographic copying machines, facsimile machines and printers which has semi-conductivity, non-tackifying property and high dielectric property and therefore has high charging and image-transferring efficiency, is excellent in feeding property and separability of papers, is free from paper jamming and can give an excellent image stably; a paint used for the member; a carbon fluoride composition used for the paint; a composite material of fine particles of carbon fluoride; and a process for preparing the composite material are provided. The carbon fluoride composition comprises carbon fluorides and at least one selected from the group consisting of resins and rubbers and has semi-conductivity, non-tackifying property and a specific dielectric constant of not less than 10 at 25° C. at 1 kHz.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for removing wafer processing by-products from gas fluid exhaust systems utilizing an energy source placed within an exhaust channel either alone or in combination with a cleaning gas. The placement of the energy source in an exhaust channel enables emitted energy to react with wafer processing by-products to convert the by-product residues to more removable forms. Additionally provided is a cleaning gas source internal to the exhaust channel to further react with and convert exiting by-product residues to gaseous fluids.

Abstract: An independent and conserved source of fuel and/or power comprises a top stage rocket engine firing up to 5000 F. at very high pressures, delivering jet flows up to transonic velocities into a near adiabatic tunnel for mixing in general and/or for transforming reactants introduced to suit specific objectives. The related compression is supplied by an independent prime mover which compresses its exhaust and other recoverable fluids. Low grade flows, thereby upgraded in temperature and pressure, are adiabatically contained, are further upgraded in the tunnel to become part of the prescribed fuel for export at the tunnel ends; or fuel to be fired in a prime mover for electric or other power, or hydrogen for chemical use. Expansion turbines for this purpose are relieved of the load used to compress the excess air in standard gas turbines thus increasing export power. A portion of the expansion turbine's exhaust becomes part of recoverable fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a method of preparing the same, said negative active material comprising crystalline carbon having a dispersed element serving as graphitization catalyst therein. Said negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery is prepared by the steps of adding an element serving as a graphitization catalyst to a carbon precursor; coking the mixture by heat-treating at 300 to 600° C. carbonizing the cokes; and graphitizing the carbide at 2800 to 3000° C.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the conversion of iron-containing material into iron carbide. The process includes a first step in which the iron-containing material is contacted with a reducing gas that contains no more than a small amount of reactive carbon to produce metallic iron and a second step in which the metallic iron is contacted with a reducing and carburizing gas to produce iron carbide. The reducing and carburizing gas includes reactive carbon, hydrogen, and methane. The iron carbide product is of high purity.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process for preparing such catalyst composition which can be useful in contacting a hydrocarbon-containing fluid which contains a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as 1,3-butadiene, in the presence of hydrogen, with such catalyst composition in a hydrogenation zone under a hydrogenation condition effective to hydrogenate such highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon such as n-butene is disclosed. Such process for preparing a catalyst composition includes (1) combining a zeolite, a Group VIB metal, and an inorganic support to form a modified zeolite; (2) calcining such modified zeolite under a calcining condition to produce a calcined, modified zeolite; and (3) contacting such calcined, modified zeolite with a carburizing agent under a carburizing condition to provide such catalyst composition.

Abstract: Iron carbide is produced by an apparatus comprising first fludized bed reactor 4 and second fluidized bed reactor 5, wherein the charged grainy iron oxide is reduced and carburized by the high temperature and high pressure gas being introduced from the bottom of the reactor. Both fluidized bed reactors comprise chamber 23 for introducing gas into the reactor, distribution plate 27 having multiple gas-introducing nozzles 28, partition plate 26 partitioning the fulidized bed into plural division rooms, and gas supply inlet 25a, 25b arranged on chamber 23 for supplying gas to specific division room respectively. Each gas supply inlet is connected to gas supply line having a gas flow control valve for controlling gas pressure or gas flow rate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing iron carbide in which free carbon is generated with difficulty. When iron carbide is produced by reducing and carburizing iron-containing raw materials for iron making using a reaction gas mainly containing hydrogen and methane, steam or carbon dioxide is added into fluidized bed reactor (1) through line (7) in addition to the reaction gas supplied from line (2) into reactor (1) corresponding to a quantity of free carbon generated in reactor (1) which is obtained by means of dust meter (9). Consequently, the generation of the free carbon can be controlled.