Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a nanoporous carbide-derived carbon composition with a tunable pore structure and a narrow pore size. Also provided are compositions prepared by the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carbon-comprising composite, wherein a porous metal-organic framework comprising at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinated to at least one metal ion is pyrolyzed under a protective gas atmosphere and the at least one at least bidentate organic compound is nitrogen-free. The invention further relates to composites which can be obtained in this way and sulfur electrodes comprising these and also their uses.

Abstract: The carbon dioxide reduction method of the present invention is a method including steps of: bringing an electrode (working electrode) containing a carbide of at least one element selected from Group V elements (vanadium, niobium, and tantalum) into contact with an electrolytic solution; and introducing carbon dioxide into the electrolytic solution to reduce the introduced carbon dioxide by the electrode. The material contained in the electrode, that is, the material containing a carbide of at least one element selected from Group V elements (vanadium, niobium, and tantalum) is the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to proppants which can be used to prop open subterranean formation fractions. Proppant formulations are further disclosed which use one or more proppants of the present invention. Methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions are further disclosed. In addition, other uses for the proppants of the present invention are further disclosed, as well as methods of making the proppants.

Abstract: A hardfacing composition (32) that includes a plurality of hard particles (54) wherein the hard particles (54) include a mode particle size distribution, one particle size distribution smaller than the mode particle size distribution, and an other particle size distribution larger than the mode particle size distribution. There is an absence of any substantial fluctuations in the particle size distribution between the mode particle size distribution and the one particle size distribution. There is an absence of any substantial fluctuations in the particle size distribution between the mode particle size distribution and the other particle size distribution.

Abstract: A ceramic material having a high toughness can include carbon and a transition metal. The transition metal can have an elemental body centered cubic structure at room temperature. A substantial amount of the ceramic can be of a rhombohedral ? phase of the transition metal and carbon. These materials can have a high thermal shock resistance, high fracture toughness, and good high temperature performance. A particulate mixture of a carbon source and a transition metal source can be assembled (12) and reacted (14) under high pressure and high temperature. The transition metal source can include a transition metal of a metal which has an elemental BCC structure at room temperature. The particulate mixture carbon to transition metal ratio is chosen so as to achieve a zeta phase carbide and processing is affected in order to retain the zeta phase at a substantial weight percent of the material (i.e. greater than about 5 wt %).

Abstract: A fine grained cemented carbide powder mixture for cutting tool inserts for metal machining includes WC-powder with a Scott density of 2.75-3.75 g/cm3 and a compacting density after dry pressing at 100 MPa within 8.8-9.8 g/cm3. The sintering shrinkage of the fine grained cemented carbide powder mixture is 16.8 to 17.9% at a compacting pressure of 150 MPa. A method of making the powder mixture is also described.

Abstract: There is provided fine metal carbide particles which do not require pulverization of an initial material, a reaction intermediate and a product that causes the contamination with metallic impurities, which can promote a carbonization reaction uniformly at a lower temperature than in the past, and which can be manufactured at a low cost; and a method of manufacturing the same. The fine metal carbide particles are prepared by heat-treating, in a nonoxidizing atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere, a solid obtained by drying an aqueous metal complex solution containing a water-soluble metal compound, and a low-molecular-weight water-soluble organic compound having one or more functional group(s) selected from the group consisting of amino group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, and having at least one of oxygen and nitrogen as heteroatom(s).

Abstract: Graphene/metal nanocomposite powder and a method of preparing the same are provided. The graphene/metal nanocomposite powder includes a base metal and graphenes dispersed in the base metal. The graphenes act as a reinforcing material for the base metal. The graphenes are interposed as thin film types between metal particles of the base metal and bonded to the metal particles. The graphenes contained in the base metal have a volume fraction exceeding 0 vol % and less than 30 vol % corresponding to a limit within which a structural change of the graphenes due to a reaction between the graphenes is prevented.

Abstract: Three-dimensional nanoporous aerogels and suitable preparation methods are provided. Nanoporous aerogels may include a carbide material such as a silicon carbide, a metal carbide, or a metalloid carbide. Elemental (e.g., metallic or metalloid) aerogels may also be produced. In some embodiments, a cross-linked aerogel having a conformal coating on a sol-gel material is processed to form a carbide aerogel, metal aerogel, or metalloid aerogel. A three-dimensional nanoporous network may include a free radical initiator that reacts with a cross-linking agent to form the cross-linked aerogel. The cross-linked aerogel may be chemically aromatized and chemically carbonized to form a carbon-coated aerogel. The carbon-coated aerogel may be suitably processed to undergo a carbothermal reduction, yielding an aerogel where oxygen is chemically extracted. Residual carbon remaining on the surface of the aerogel may be removed via an appropriate cleaning treatment.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of tungsten carbide is provided. The starting material contains tungsten carbide particles of a W—C system represented on a phase diagram showing a monophasic domain of a ? phase having a face-centered cubic structure, upwardly delimited by a liquidus line. The particles are subjected to a homogenization treatment in the monophasic domain, and may be subsequently melted to be spheroidized. They are then quenched to freeze at ambient temperature the monophased structure. Optionally, at least one alloying element may be added to the starting material to enlarge the monophasic domain, thereby increasing the hardenability of the monophased particles.

Abstract: Methods of forming one-dimensional carbide nanostructures are provided. In one embodiment, a carbide forming mixture (e.g., including a noncarbon element source, a catalyst, and a solvent) is applied to a porous plant template (e.g., cotton fibers, bamboo fibers, wood fibers, leaf fibers, straw fibers, or mixtures thereof). The porous plant template can then be dried to evaporate the solvent, and heated to a growth temperature of about 1000° C. or more (e.g., about 1050° C. to about 1300° C.) to grow the one-dimensional carbide nanostructures on the porous plant template. One-dimensional carbide nanostructures formed according to the presently disclosed methods are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a hard film excellent in wear resistance. The hard film in accordance with the present invention includes (TiaCrbAlcLd) (BxCyNz) in terms of composition, in which the L is at least one of Si and Y, and the a, b, c, d, x, y, and z each denote the atomic ratio, and satisfy: 0.1?a<0.3; 0.3<b<0.6; 0.2?c<0.35; 0.01?d<0.1; a+b+c+d=1; x?0.1; y?0.1; 0.8?z?1; and x+y+z=1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly-pure fine titanium carbide powder having a maximum particle size of 100 nm or less and containing metals except titanium in an amount of 0.05 wt % or less and free carbon in an amount of 0.5 wt % or less. The powder has a NaCl-type crystal structure, and a composition represented by TiCxOyNz, wherein X, Y and Z satisfy the relations: 0.5?X?1.0; 0?Y?0.3; 0?Z?0.2; and 0.5?X+Y+Z?1.0.) The powder is produced by: dissolving an organic substance serving as a carbon source in a solvent to prepare a liquid, wherein the organic substance contains at least one OH or COOH group which is a functional group coordinatable to titanium of titanium alkoxide, and no element except C, H, N and O; mixing titanium alkoxide with the liquid to satisfy the following relation: 0.7???1.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered material where wear resistance is suppressed from decreasing having excellent chipping resistance and a cutting tool made thereof are provided. The sintered material is constituted from cubic boron nitride particles that are bound by a binder phase, while the binder phase contains a carbide of at least one kind of metal element selected from among metals of groups 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table and a nitride of at least one kind of metal element selected from among metals of groups 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table coexisting therein, and therefore the particles can be suppressed from coming off and the binder phase can be suppressed from wearing and coming off at the same time, thereby making the sintered material having high wear resistance and particularly excellent chipping resistance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the formation of carbon-based nanostructures are generally described. In some embodiments, the nanostructures may be formed on a nanopositor. The nanopositor can comprise, in some embodiments, at least one of metal atoms in a non-zero oxidation state and metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state. For example, the nanopositor may comprise a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal chalcogenide, a metalloid chalcogenide, and the like. The carbon-based nanostructures may be grown by exposing the nanopositor, in the presence or absence of a growth substrate, to a set of conditions selected to cause formation of carbon-based nanostructures on the nanopositor. In some embodiments, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state are not reduced to a zero oxidation state during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures. In some cases, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state do not form a carbide during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures.

Abstract: A plurality of carbide, such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc., nanofibrils predominantly having diameters substantially less than about 100 nm and a method for making such carbide nanofibrils.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a carbon catalyst capable of preventing the coarsening of particles of nanoshell structure of carbon which causes reduction in activity for oxygen reduction reaction. The carbon catalyst is produced by the steps of: preparing a carbon precursor polymer; mixing a transition metal or a compound of the transition metal into the carbon precursor polymer; spinning the mixture of the carbon precursor polymer and the transition metal or the compound of the transition metal into fibers; and carbonizing the fibers.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing tantalum carbide which can form tantalum carbide having a prescribed shape using a simple method, can form the tantalum carbide having a uniform thickness even when the tantalum carbide is coated on the surface of an article and is not peeled off by a thermal history, tantalum carbide obtained by the manufacturing method, wiring of tantalum carbide, and electrodes of tantalum carbide. The tantalum carbide is formed on the surface of tantalum or a tantalum alloy by placing the tantalum or tantalum alloy in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heat-treating the tantalum or tantalum alloy under a condition where a native oxide layer of Ta2O5 formed on the surface of tantalum or tantalum alloy is sublimated to remove the Ta2O5, introducing a carbon source into the vacuum heat treatment furnace, and then heat-treating.

Abstract: Thermally stable diamond-bonded compacts include a diamond-bonded body having a thermally stable region extending a distance below a diamond-bonded body surface. The thermally stable region comprises a matrix first phase of bonded together diamond crystals, and a second phase interposed within the matrix phase. At least some population of the second phase comprises a reaction product formed between an infiltrant material and the diamond crystals at high pressure/high temperature conditions. The diamond bonded body further includes a polycrystalline diamond region that extends a depth from the thermally stable region and has a microstructure comprising a polycrystalline diamond matrix phase and a catalyst material disposed within interstitial regions of the matrix phase. The compact includes a substrate attached to the diamond-bonded body.

Abstract: A method for producing a high temperature-resistant article comprises an assembling step of foaming an assembly of a first substrate and a second substrate with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween and comprising paste of powder of at least one carbide of niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide and tungsten carbide; and a bonding step of heating the assembly to bond the first substrate and the second substrate by sintering, thereby obtaining a high temperature-resistant article comprising the assembly after sintering.

Abstract: The production of ultrafine metal carbide powders from polymeric powder and metallic precursor powder starting materials is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the polymeric powder may comprise polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyester, polybutylene, nylon, polymethylpentene and the like. The metal precursor powder may comprise pure metals, metal alloys, intermetallics and/or metal-containing compounds such as metal oxides and nitrides. In one embodiment, the metal precursor powder comprises a silicon-containing material, and the ultrafine powders comprise SiC. The polymeric and metal precursor powders are fed together or separately to a plasma system where the feed materials react to form metal carbides in the form of ultrafine particles.

Abstract: To simultaneously overcome a drawback in that proceeding of a solid phase carbonization reaction requires high temperature and a drawback in that the reaction requires use of expensive materials. A method for producing a carbide of a Group IVA, VA, or VIA transition metal in the periodic table and/or a composite carbide of the transition metal and iron, the method including the step of co-milling a ferroalloy containing a Group IVA, VA, or VIA transition metal in the periodic table and incidental impurities and a carbon material mainly composed of carbon in a vacuum or an atmosphere of an inert gas to effect a solid phase reaction between the ferroalloy and the carbon material.

Abstract: A method for producing ultrafine metal carbide particles and hydrogen is disclosed. The method includes introducing a metal-containing precursor and a carbon-containing precursor into a thermal reaction chamber, heating the precursors in the thermal reaction chamber to form the ultrafine metal carbide particles from the precursors and to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen, collecting the ultrafine doped metal carbide particles, converting at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and generating additional hydrogen, and recovering at least a portion of the hydrogen.

Abstract: A Si—C—O composite powder is obtained by curing a reactive silane or siloxane having crosslinkable groups through heat curing or catalytic reaction into a crosslinked product and sintering the crosslinked product in an inert gas stream at a temperature of 700-1,400° C. into an inorganic state. It exhibits satisfactory cycle performance when used as the negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cells.

Abstract: Provided are a graphite material, which has excellent bonding characteristics to semiconductor and efficiently dissipates heat generated from the semiconductor, and a method for manufacturing such material. The graphite material is provided by adding at least two kinds of elements selected from among silicon, zirconium, calcium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, calcium, yttrium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium and compounds containing such elements, and by performing heat treatment. The graphite material is characterized in having a thickness of the 112 face of the graphite crystal of 15 nm or more by X-ray diffraction, and an average heat conductivity of 250 W/(m·K) or more in the three directions of the X, Y and Z axes.

Abstract: Methods for the production of monometal carbides are disclosed. A metal source and a carbon source are reacted under conditions suitable to produce a reaction product. The reaction product may comprise fully carburized monometal carbide and excess carbon, or an intermediate product comprising partially carburized monometal carbide in the presence or absence of excess carbon. The carbon content in the reaction product may then be adjusted in a controlled removal or addition process to produce a product the fully carburized monometal carbide having near stoichiometric carbon.

Abstract: Carbon nanostructures for use as catalyst supports in hydrogen fuel cells are produced by mixing a carbon material with at least one transition metal such as iron and cobalt, subjecting the mixture thus produced to mechanical grinding, e.g. ball milling in a hydrogen atmosphere for a time sufficient for hydrogen to be absorbed into the mixture, and heating the mixture in an inert atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to crystallize at least one of the carbon material and carbide nanocrystals.

Abstract: Grinding media, including shaped media such as spheres or rods ranging in size from about 0.5 micron to 100 mm in diameter, are formed from a multi-carbide material consisting essentially of two or more carbide-forming elements and carbon, with or without carbide-forming elements in their free elemental state. The media have extremely high mass density, extreme hardness, and extreme mechanical toughness.

Abstract: Compositions including carbide-containing nanorods and/or oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbide containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: A pillar-shaped honeycomb structure has a plurality of cells longitudinally placed in parallel with one another with a wall portion therebetween, wherein the honeycomb structure mainly includes inorganic fibers which form the honeycomb structure without lamination interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making tungsten carbide powder by dissolving at least one organic or inorganic metal salt or compound of at least one of the groups IV, V, and VI of the periodic system preferably Cr, V, Mo and W in at least one polar solvent. Powder of WO3 is added to the solution, the solvent is evaporated, the remaining powder is heat treated in reducing atmosphere, mixed with carbon and carburized.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a fine tungsten carbide powder, which comprises the steps of drying a slurry, which is obtained by mixing an aqueous ammonium tungstate solution with a carbon powder, at low temperature, to form a precursor, mixing a reduction and carburization product, which is obtained by reducing and oxidizing the precursor in an inert gas, with a carbon powder in a proportion required to substantially carburize the entire tungsten component into tungsten carbide (WC), and carburizing the mixture; and a high-performance fine tungsten carbide powder produced by the process, which has an average particle size of 0.8 ?m or less and is free of a coarse power having a particle size of more than 1 ?m, and which also contains less metal impurities and contains oxygen and nitrogen in a predetermined amount.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly-pure fine titanium carbide powder having a maximum particle size of 100 nm or less and containing metals except titanium in an amount of 0.05 wt % or less and free carbon in an amount of 0.5 wt % or less. The powder has a NaCl-type crystal structure, and a composition represented by TiCxOyNz, wherein X, Y and Z satisfy the relations: 0.5?X?1.0; 0?Y?0.3; 0?Z?0.2; and 0.5?X+Y+Z?1.0.) The powder is produced by: dissolving an organic substance serving as a carbon source in a solvent to prepare a liquid, wherein the organic substance contains at least one OH or COOH group which is a functional group coordinatable to titanium of titanium alkoxide, and no element except C, H, N and O; mixing titanium alkoxide with the liquid to satisfy the following relation: 0.7???1.

Abstract: The production of ultrafine metal carbide powders from solid metal carbide and nitrogen-containing material is disclosed. The starting materials are fed together or separately to a plasma system where the solid metal carbide is melted and/or vaporized in the presence of nitrogen to form ultrafine metal carbide particles of high purity.

Abstract: A composite body for cutting tools that includes a ductile phase; a plurality of carbide particles dispersed the ductile phase; and a plurality of nanotubes integrated into the composite body is disclosed. Methods of making such composite bodies and drill bits formed of such material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A plurality of carbide, such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc., nanofibrils predominantly having diameters substantially less than about 100 nm and a method for making such carbide nanofibrils.

Abstract: The production of ultrafine metal carbide powders from polymeric powder and metallic precursor powder starting materials is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the polymeric powder may comprise polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyester, polybutylene, nylon, polymethylpentene and the like. The metal precursor powder may comprise pure metals, metal alloys, intermetallics and/or metal-containing compounds such as metal oxides and nitrides. In one embodiment, the metal precursor powder comprises a silicon-containing material, and the ultrafine powders comprise SiC. The polymeric and metal precursor powders are fed together or separately to a plasma system where the feed materials react to form metal carbides in the form of ultrafine particles.

Abstract: A novel molybdenum compound, ammonium dodecamolybdomolybdate (AMM), is described which may be used in the manufacture of molybdenum metal and molybdenum carbide powders. The molybdenum compound is a dodecaheteropoly acid salt having a Keggin-type structure wherein molybdenum resides in both the hetero as well as peripheral atomic positions. The novel compound has the general formula (NH4)2Mo12MoO40·6H2O. Because of its low solubility, the compound can be crystallized efficiently and at a high purity from ammonium molybdate solutions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of synthesizing high-temperature melting materials. More specifically the invention relates to a containerless method of synthesizing very high temperature melting materials such as carbides and transition-metal, lanthanide and actinide oxides, using an aerodynamic levitator and a laser. The object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing extremely high-temperature melting materials that are otherwise difficult to produce, without the use of containers, allowing the manipulation of the phase (amorphous/crystalline/metastable) and permitting changes of the environment such as different gaseous compositions.

Abstract: Dendron ligands or other branched ligands with cross-linkable groups were coordinated to colloidal inorganic nanoparticles, including nanocrystals, and substantially globally cross-linked through different strategies, such as ring-closing metathesis (RCM), dendrimer-bridging methods, and the like. This global cross-linking reaction sealed each nanocrystal within a dendron box to yield box-nanocrystals which showed dramatically enhanced stability against chemical, photochemical and thermal treatments in comparison to the non-cross-linked dendron-nanocrystals. Empty dendron boxes possessing a very narrow size distribution were formed by the dissolution of the inorganic nanocrystals contained therein upon acid or other etching treatments.

Abstract: Any one of a Ti-containing water-soluble salt, metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)2) slurry and ultra fine titanium oxide powder, and a transition metal containing metal salt are dissolved in water to prepare a raw material mixture. The raw material is spray-dried to obtain precursor powder, which is calcined to form ultra fine Ti/transition metal complex oxide and is then mixed with nano-sized carbon particles and subjected to reduction and carburization in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising titanium, such as nanoscale doped titanium metal compounds, inorganic titanium compounds, and organic titanium compounds, their methods of manufacture, and methods of preparation of products from nanoparticles comprising titanium are provided.

Abstract: The invention comprises a chemical composition with the structure shown below. The composition can be polymerized or pyrolyzed, forming transition metal nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in a thermoset or carbon composition. The size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by manipulating the number and arrangement of functional groups in the composition and by changing the conditions of the polymerization or pyrolysis. The resulting thermosets and carbon compositions have useful magnetic, electric, mechanical, catalytic and/or optical properties.

Abstract: Ultra fine TaC-transition metal based complex powder is prepared by: dispersing a mixture of a Ta-containing material and a transition metal-containing water soluble salt into a solvent; stirring the mixture and spray-drying the stirred material to obtain precursor powder; calcining the precursor powder to form ultra fine Ta-transition metal complex oxide powder; mixing the ultra fine Ta-transition metal complex oxide powder with nano-sized carbon particles, followed by drying to obtain complex oxide powder; and subjecting the dried complex oxide powder to reduction/carburization in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a powder, by which it is possible to adjust the strength of the obtained powder is provided. The manufacturing method of a powder involves a step of preparing a slurry containing agglomerated particles of a synthetic material which is produced by reacting a first material and a second material under agitation, and a step of drying the slurry to obtain a powder of the synthetic material. The method has a feature that the particle size of the agglomerated particles is adjusted by, in the step of preparing a slurry, controlling agitation power for agitating the slurry. In the step of preparing a slurry, it is preferable that the slurry is initially agitated at a first agitation power, and at the time when the viscosity of the slurry approaches its maximum value, or at the time when the pH value of the slurry reaches the vicinity of the isoelectric point of the synthetic material, the agitation power is lowered from the first agitation power to a second agitation power.

Abstract: Grinding media, including shaped media such as spheres or rods ranging in size from about 0.5 micron to 100 mm in diameter, are formed from a multi-carbide material consisting essentially of two or more carbide-forming elements and carbon, with or without carbide-forming elements in their free elemental state. The media have extremely high mass density, extreme hardness, and extreme mechanical toughness.

Abstract: Nanophase WC powder is produced by preparing a precursor including tungsten; producing gas by vaporizing or sublimating the precursor; carbonizing the gas in the atmosphere without oxygen while maintaining pressure below atmospheric pressure; and condensing the carbonized gas

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing wolfram carbides by gas-phase carburetion of wolfram powders and/or suitable wolfram precursor compounds in powder form at temperatures above 850° C. According to the method a CO2/CO mixture with a CO2 content greater than the Boudouard equilibrium content corresponding to the carburetion temperature is used as carburetion gas phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing nanophase powder, which can be used as materials for high-strength and wear-resistance cemented carbide. It purports to provide a method of producing WC powder of a 10˜20 nm grade by using vapor phase reaction with a precursor containing tungsten. For achieving said objectives, the method of producing WC-based powder according to the present invention comprises preparing a precursor containing tungsten; producing gas by vaporizing said precursor in a reactor; and carburizing said gas in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The nanophase WC powder produced as such has high-strength and excellent wear-resistance, which can be suitably used as materials for carbide tools, carbide cement, wear-resistance components, or metal molds.