Abstract: A method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNT) comprises the steps of providing a growth chamber, the growth chamber being heated to a first temperature sufficiently high to facilitate a growth of carbon nanotubes; and passing a substrate through the growth chamber; and introducing a feed gas into the growth chamber pre-heated to a second temperature sufficient to dissociate at least some of the feed gas into at least free carbon radicals to thereby initiate formation of carbon nanotubes onto the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanotubes, comprising a synthesis step of synthesizing carbon nanotubes on a support on which a catalyst is supported by flowing a source gas consisting of acetylene, carbon dioxide, and an inert gas over the support, wherein in the source gas, a partial pressure of the acetylene is 1.33×101 to 1.33×104 Pa, a partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is 1.33×101 to 1.33×104 Pa, and a partial pressure ratio of the acetylene to the carbon dioxide (acetylene/carbon dioxide) is in the range of 0.1 to 10.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacture of carbon nanotubes, in which a substrate is contacted with a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock containing a catalytically effective metal to deposit the feedstock on the substrate, followed by oxidation of the deposited feedstock to remove hydrocarbonaceous and carbonaceous components from the substrate, while retaining the catalytically effective metal thereon, and contacting of the substrate having retained catalytically effective metal thereon with a carbon source material to grow carbon nanotubes on the substrate. The manufacture can be carried out with a petroleum feedstock such as an oil refining atmospheric tower residue, to produce carbon nanotubes in high volume at low cost. Also disclosed is a composite including porous material having single-walled carbon nanotubes in pores thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards methods (processes) of providing large quantities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of defined diameter and chirality (i.e., precise populations). In such processes, CNT seeds of a pre-selected diameter and chirality are grown to many (e.g., hundreds) times their original length. This is optionally followed by cycling some of the newly grown material back as seed material for regrowth. Thus, the present invention provides for the large-scale production of precise populations of CNTs, the precise composition of such populations capable of being optimized for a particular application (e.g., hydrogen storage). The present invention is also directed to complexes of CNTs and transition metal catalyst precurors, such complexes typically being formed en route to forming CNT seeds.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube array structure and a method for making the same. The carbon nanotube array structure includes a bendable flexible substrate and a carbon nanotube array. The flexible substrate has at least one surface. The carbon nanotube array is grown on at least one surface of the flexible substrate. In the method for making the carbon nanotube array structure, a reacting chamber, and a bendable flexible substrate with at least one surface are provided. The flexible substrate is disposed in the reacting chamber and heated to a certain temperature. A carbon source gas is supplied into the reacting chamber, thereby forming a carbon nanotube array on the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing carbon fibers, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a supported catalyst by allowing a main catalyst element such as Fe, Co and Ni and a co-catalyst element such as Ti, V, Cr, W and Mo to be supported by a particulate carrier such as calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide; synthesizing fibrous carbons by contacting the supported catalyst with a carbon atom-containing material at synthesis reaction temperature; and then heat treating the resulting fibrous carbons at a temperature of 2000° C. or higher, wherein the particulate carrier comprising a substance which undergoes pyrolysis near the synthetic reaction temperature.

Abstract: A method of producing carbon nanotubes, comprising, in a reaction chamber: evaporating at least a partially melted electrode comprising a catalyst by an electrical arc discharge; condensing the evaporated catalyst vapors to form nanoparticles comprising the catalyst; and decomposing gaseous hydrocarbons in the presence of the nanoparticles to form carbon nanotubes on the surface of the nanoparticles. Also a system for producing carbon nanotubes, comprising: a reactor comprising two electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes is at least a partially melted electrode comprising a catalyst, the reactor adapted for evaporating the at least partially melted electrode by an electrical arc discharge and for condensing its vapors to form nanoparticles comprising the catalyst, wherein the electrodes are disposed in a reaction chamber for decomposing gaseous hydrocarbons in the presence of the nanoparticles to form carbon nanotubes on the surface of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method for producing SWCNT from endothermic carbon-containing feedstock, such as, methane gas, using an activated alumina supported Fe:Mo catalyst. The SWCNT growth temperature is less than about 560° C., and the catalyst is activated by exposure to a reducing atmosphere at a temperature greater than about 900° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation and processing of nanostructures including nanotubes. Some embodiments provide processes for nanostructure growth using relatively mild conditions (e.g., low temperatures). In some cases, methods of the invention may improve the efficiency (e.g., catalyst efficiency) of nanostructure formation and may reduce the production of undesired byproducts during nanostructure formation, including volatile organic compounds and/or polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such methods can both reduce the costs associated with nanostructure formation, as well as reduce the harmful effects of nanostructure fabrication on environmental and public health and safety.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube structure is introduced. The method includes the following steps. A carbon nanotube precursor including a number of carbon nanotubes is provided. The carbon nanotube precursor is placed in a chamber with low oxygen environment. The carbon nanotube precursor is heated in the chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing carbon cylindrical structures, as represented by carbon nanotubes, by growing them on a substrate using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, comprising the steps of implanting metal ions to the substrate surface and then growing the carbon cylindrical structures using the metal ions as a catalyst. A method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes comprising a step of using nano-carbon material as seed material for growing carbon nanotubes is also disclosed. A biopolymer detection device comprising vibration inducing part for inducing vibration, binding part capable of resonating with the vibration induced by the vibration inducing part and capable of binding or interacting with a target biopolymer, and detection part for detecting whether or not the binding part have bound or interacted with the target biopolymer, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of preparing single walled carbon nanotubes are provided. An arrangement comprising one or more layers of fullerene in contact with one side of a metal layer and a solid carbon source in contact with the other side of metal layer is prepared. The fullerene/metal layer/solid carbon source arrangement is then heated to a temperature below where the fullerenes sublime. Single walled carbon nanotubes are grown on the fullerene side of the metal layer.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved]There is provided a method for production of a carbon nanotube, which allows for production of the carbon nanotube in a large scale and at a low cost. [Solution] The temperature of a catalyst loaded on a support is raised by heating the support and a raw material gas containing a carbon source is supplied on the catalyst to synthesize the carbon nanotube. The synthesized carbon nanotube is recovered, and after the recovery, the catalyst is subjected to a regeneration treatment to repeatedly utilize the support. Since the catalyst deteriorates, the catalyst is regenerated periodically or nonperiodically during the production. The regeneration treatment of the catalyst involves an oxidation treatment of the catalyst. Further, after the oxidation treatment, a reducing gas is fed to and brought into contact with the catalyst surface to reduce the catalyst. As the support, a honeycomb is used.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube filter, a use for a carbon nanotube filter and a method of forming a carbon nanotube filter. The method including (a) providing a carbon source and a carbon nanotube catalyst; (b) growing carbon nanotubes by reacting the carbon source with the nanotube catalyst; (c) forming chemically active carbon nanotubes by forming a chemically active layer on the carbon nanotubes or forming chemically reactive groups on sidewalls of the carbon nanotubes; and (d) placing the chemically active nanotubes in a filter housing.

Abstract: A gas to gas heat exchanger, such as use in a HiPco system, and an improved system and process by which gas from the gas to gas heat exchanger and the gaseous catalyst carrier stream can be introduced into the HiPco core reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly conductive carbon nanotube having bundle moieties with ultra low apparent density less than 0.01 g/cc. More specifically, this invention relates to a highly conductive carbon nanotube prepared by following preparation steps of i) preparing the sphere shape of metal catalyst by spray pyrolysis of catalytic metal precursor solution including low molecular weight polymer, ii) synthesizing carbon nanotube using carbon source and obtained metal catalyst according to thermal chemical vapor deposition method; and iii) obtaining a highly conductive carbon nanotube having bundle moieties with ultra-low bulk apparent density.

Abstract: A hot filament chemical vapor deposition method has been developed to grow at least one vertical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). In general, various embodiments of the present invention disclose novel processes for growing and/or producing enhanced nanotube carpets with decreased diameters as compared to the prior art.

Abstract: An activated catalyst capable of selectively growing single-walled carbon nanotubes when reacted with carbonaceous gas is provided. The activated catalyst is formed by reducing a catalyst that comprises a complex oxide. The complex oxide may be of formula Ax-wFwBy-vGvOz wherein x/y?2; z/y?4; 0?w?0.3x; 0?v?0.3y; A is a Group VIII element; F is an element that is different from A but has, in said composition, the same valence state as A; B is an element different from A and F, and is an element whose simple oxide, in which B is at the same valence state as in the complex oxide, is not reducible in the presence of hydrogen gas at a temperature less than about 900° C.; G is an element different from A, B and F, and is an element whose simple oxide, in which G is at the same valence state as in the complex oxide, is not reducible in the presence of hydrogen gas at a temperature less than about 900° C.; and O is oxygen. The complex oxide is reduced at a temperature less that 950° C.

Abstract: A method of creating adherent, fracture-toughened polycrystalline diamond coatings on carbide cutting tools or other workpiece substrates through the development of composite coatings comprising polycrystalline diamond and carbon nanotubes is described. The coating is deposited through a chemical vapor deposition process using a pre-determined hydrocarbon-hydrogen gas mixture suitable for nucleating diamond on the carbide particles and carbon nanotubes on the metallic binder. The deposited coating, which may be up to 30 micrometers in thickness, is typically characterized by a diamond or diamond-like carbon matrix in which carbon nanotubes are distributed as fiber-like filler materials.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbon nanotube array is related. A substrate with a catalyst layer on a surface of the substrate is provided and placed into a reaction device. At least two kinds of carbon source gases including different kinds of single carbon isotope are introduced into the reaction device at the same time. The reaction device is heated to different reaction temperatures to react the carbon source gases under different temperatures to grow a carbon nanotube array on a surface of the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A supported catalyst for synthesizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes includes a supporting body and a metal catalyst including Fe, Co, and Mn in a mole ratio according to Equation (1): Fe:Co:Mn=1:x:y??(1) wherein 2.0?x?4.0 and 0.01?y?5.00. The supported catalyst can be prepared by dissolving the metal catalysts into a solvent to prepare an aqueous solution of the metal catalysts; dissolving supporting body materials into a solvent to prepare an aqueous solution of the supporting body material; mixing the aqueous solutions and heating the mixed solution at temperature of about 100° to about 800° C. under normal atmospheric pressure for about 10 to about 40 min. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be prepared by placing the supported catalyst in chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) equipment and feeding hydrocarbon gas and hydrogen gas at a temperature of about 650° to about 1,100° C. under normal atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for producing carbon fibrils is made by incorporating an effective yield-enhancing amount of a carboxylate into a fibril-forming catalyst. Alternatively, such a catalyst is made by coprecipitating a compound of a metal having fibril-forming catalytic properties and an aluminum and/or magnesium compound, optionally in the presence of carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalyst may also be made by incorporating a compound of a fibril-forming metal onto magnesia particles in carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalysts, methods of using them to form carbon fibrils and those carbon fibrils are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of liquid phase synthesis of carbon nanotubes in air comprising the steps of making a first liquid phase metal salt catalyst solution of a first predetermined volume; making a carbon source liquid phase solution of a second predetermined volume; ultrasonicating the first metal salt catalyst and the carbon source solutions to de-agglomerate and uniformly disperse their powder form into the solutions; depositing predetermined volumes of droplets of the first metal salt catalyst and the carbon source solutions onto a substrate; drying the first metal salt catalyst and the carbon source solutions on the substrate in an air environment for a predetermined time to form a carbon and catalyst composite; and heating the carbon and catalyst mixture in the air environment for a predetermined temperature and time to form one or more carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the extraction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by continuous and/or batch processing are disclosed. Generally, a carbon nanotube material including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and carboxylated carbon (CC) is provided and agitated to produce a well-dispersed mixture. The well-dispersed mixture can be allowed to stand in a vessel having a lower end and an upper end. In some cases, the CNPs settle at the lower end. In some cases, at least some of the CNTs and CC are disposed at the upper end and can be removed in a dispersion, which can be pH adjusted and/or filtered to extract the CNTs from the CC.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the purification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by continuous liquid extraction are disclosed. Carbon nanotubes are introduced to a flow of liquid that enables the separation of CNTs from impurities due to differences in the dispersibility of the CNTs and the impurities within the liquid. Examples of such impurities may include amorphous carbon, graphitic nanoparticles, and metal containing nanoparticles. The continuous extraction process may be performed in one or more stages, where one or more of extraction parameters may be varied between the stages of the continuous extraction process in order to effect removal of selected impurities from the CNTs. The extraction parameters may include, but are not limited to, the extraction liquid, the flow rate of the extraction liquid, the agitation of the liquid, and the pH of the liquid, and may be varied, depending on the impurity to be removed from the CNTs.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a graphite nano-carbon fiber provided by using an apparatus having a reactor capable of keeping a reducing atmosphere inside thereof, a metal substrate arranged as a catalyst in the reactor, a heater heating the metal substrate, a pyrolysis gas source supplying pyrolysis gas obtained by thermally decomposing a wood material in a reducing atmosphere to the reactor, a scraper scraping carbon fibers produced on the metal substrate, a recovery container recovering the scraped carbon fibers, and an exhaust pump discharging exhaust gas from the reactor. The carbon fibers are linear carbon fibers with a diameter of 25 to 250 nm formed with layers of graphenes stacked in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Provided is a gas isolation valve which separates reactive materials, principally gases, contained in a high temperature reactor from the surrounding atmosphere. The valve is of modular construction with each module having a gas providing section and a gas removal section. Any number of modules can be provided in series. A central chamber, open at each end gives unimpeded access to the high temperature reactor. It is through the central chamber that the product of the reactor is removed and harvested. In the case of Ilas invention the product is carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNT) comprises the steps of providing a growth chamber, the growth chamber being heated to a first temperature sufficiently high to facilitate a growth of carbon nanotubes; and passing a substrate through the growth chamber; and introducing a feed gas into the growth chamber pre-heated to a second temperature sufficient to dissociate at least some of the feed gas into at least free carbon radicals to thereby initiate formation of carbon nanotubes onto the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling a catalytic layer deposition process are provided. A feed stream comprising a carbon source is provided to a catalyst layer. An asymmetrical alternating current is applied to the catalyst layer. A polarization impedance of the catalyst layer is monitored. The polarization impedance can be controlled by varying the asymmetrical alternating current. The controlling of the polarization impedance provides control over the structure and amount of carbon particles deposited on the catalyst layer. The carbon particles may be in the form of nanotubes, fullerenes, and/or nanoparticles.

Abstract: A new carbon nanotube device is provided. The carbon nanotube device has first carbon nanotubes and second carbon nanotubes that are different from each other in property. The carbon nanotube device includes: an object having a first carbon nanotube forming surface and a second carbon nanotube forming surface; first carbon nanotubes formed on the first carbon nanotube forming surface; and second carbon nanotubes formed on the second carbon nanotube forming surface, the second carbon nanotubes being different from the first carbon nanotubes in property.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: A system for use in fabrication of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) includes a wafer having a circuitry and a plurality of CNT seed sites. The system also includes a base assembly configured to support the wafer. The system further includes a first tube disposed over the wafer and configured to surround the CNTs that form on the seed sites. The circuitry in the wafer is configured to conduct at least one static charge. The wafer includes a top surface having a plurality of CNT seed sites, each seed site coupled to the circuitry and configured to receive one of the at least one static charge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fullerene carbon nanotubes having a cylindrical wall comprising a double layer of carbon atoms and methods for the production and application of these double-wall carbon nanotubes; and, more particularly, to nanotubes with controlled number of carbon layers and methods for the production of macroscopic amounts of these nanotubes and there application as cathode materials in the cold field electron emission devices, notable such devices comprising light emitting CRT's.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon fiber, comprising a step of dissolving or dispersing [I] a compound containing Co element; [II] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, and Mn; and [III] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of W and Mo in a solvent to obtain a solution or a fluid dispersion, a step of impregnating a particulate carrier with the solution or the fluid dispersion to prepare a catalyst, and a step of bringing a carbon source into contact with the catalyst in a vapor phase.

Abstract: A novel carbon nanotube powder containing carbon nanotubes which have a roll-like structure, also novel carbon nanotubes having a roll-like structure, novel processes for the production of the carbon nanotube powders and of the carbon nanotubes, and their use as an additive or substrate for various applications are described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the formation of carbon-based nanostructures are generally described. In some embodiments, the nanostructures may be formed on a nanopositor. The nanopositor can comprise, in some embodiments, at least one of metal atoms in a non-zero oxidation state and metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state. For example, the nanopositor may comprise a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal chalcogenide, a metalloid chalcogenide, and the like. The carbon-based nanostructures may be grown by exposing the nanopositor, in the presence or absence of a growth substrate, to a set of conditions selected to cause formation of carbon-based nanostructures on the nanopositor. In some embodiments, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state are not reduced to a zero oxidation state during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures. In some cases, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state do not form a carbide during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures.

Abstract: Methods and systems of preparing a catalyst to be used in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes through Chemical Vapor Depositions are disclosed. The method may include a mixture comprising at least one of an iron catalyst source and a catalyst support. In another aspect, a method of synthesizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes using the catalyst is disclosed. The method may include driving a reaction in a CVD furnace and generating at least one multi-walled carbon nanotube through the reaction. The method also includes depositing the catalyst on the CVD furnace and driving a carbon source with a carrier gas to the CVD furnace. The method further includes decomposing the carbon source in the presence of the catalyst under a sufficient gas pressure for a sufficient time to grow at least one multi-walled carbon nanotube.

Abstract: Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are facilitated by methods and apparatus disclosed herein. Advantageously, the methods and apparatus make use of a single production unit, and therefore provide for uninterrupted progress in a fabrication process. Embodiments of control systems for a variety of CNT production apparatus are included.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon fiber-metal composite material includes: (a) mixing an elastomer, a reinforcement filler, and carbon nanofibers, and dispersing the carbon nanofibers by applying a shear force to obtain a carbon fiber composite material; and (b) replacing the elastomer in the carbon fiber composite material with a metal material, wherein the reinforcement filler improves rigidity of at least the metal material.

Abstract: The present invention provides arrays of longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes having specified positions, nanotube densities and orientations, and corresponding methods of making nanotube arrays using guided growth and guided deposition methods. Also provided are electronic devices and device arrays comprising one or more arrays of longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes including multilayer nanotube array structures and devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cobalt and molybdenum doped mesoporous silica catalysts and methods for using the catalysts to making Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. The methods offer increased control over the orientation, length and diameter of the nanotubes produced.

Abstract: We disclose a novel filter and process that converts the wastes in automotive exhausts into carbon nanotubes. The filter surface is composed of iron of similar catalyst. The filter is placed along the pathway of exhaust streamlines preferably at an angle of more than 5°. and less than 15°. The filter is heated to temperatures in the range of 200-1000° C. The filter described in this invention can work in its own or supplement existing filtration systems. The end product of this filtration system is a material that is commercially valuable. The synthesized carbon nanotubes are purified using ionic liquid solution that is capable of removing undesirable carbonated material and leaving 95% purified carbon nanotubes. The purified carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 20-50 nm and a length of 1-10 micro meters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process comprising the steps a) synthesis of carbon nanotubes, b) optional inerting and c) cooling of the product. The process permits problem-free handling and packing of the carbon nanotube material that is produced.

Abstract: A thermal and electrical conducting apparatus includes a few-layer graphene film having a thickness D where D?1.5 nm and a plurality of carbon nanotubes crystallographically aligned with the few-layer graphene film.

Abstract: A device for making a carbon nanotube film includes a substrate and a catalyst layer on the substrate. The catalyst layer has two substantially parallel sides. The present disclosure also provides a method for making a carbon nanotube film. The catalyst layer is annealed at a high temperature in air. The annealed catalyst layer is heated up to a predetermined reaction temperature in a furnace with a protective gas therein. A carbonaceous gas is supplied into the furnace to grow a carbon nanotube array having two substantially parallel side faces. A carbon nanotube film is drawn from the carbon nanotube array. A drawing direction is substantially parallel to the two substantially parallel side faces of the carbon nanotube array.

Abstract: A production method in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of: providing a catalyst support layer by applying, to a substrate, a catalyst support layer coating agent obtained by dissolving in an organic solvent (i) an organometallic compound containing aluminum and/or a metal salt containing aluminum and (ii) a stabilizer for inhibiting a condensation polymerization reaction of the organometallic compound and/or the metal salt; providing a catalyst formation layer by applying, to the catalyst support layer, a catalyst formation layer coating agent obtained by dissolving in an organic solvent (a) an organometallic compound containing iron and/or a metal salt containing iron and (b) a stabilizer for inhibiting a condensation polymerization reaction of the organometallic compound and/or the metal salt; and growing an aligned carbon nanotube aggregate on the substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

Abstract: Provided are aligned carbon nanotubes for a fuel cell having a large surface area, a nanocomposite that includes the aligned carbon nanotubes loaded with highly dispersed nanoparticles of a metallic catalyst, methods of producing the carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite, and a fuel cell including the nanocomposite. In the nanocomposite, nanoparticles of the metallic catalyst are uniformly distributed on external walls of the nanotubes. A fuel cell including the nanocomposite exhibits better performance.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a carbon nanotube film includes the following steps: providing a vacuum chamber having a carbon nanotube array therein; and pulling a carbon nanotube film out from the carbon nanotube array.

Abstract: An aligned carbon nanotube bulk structure in which various properties such as density and hardness are controlled depending on the place is provided. An aligned carbon nanotube bulk structure having different density portions is an aligned carbon nanotube bulk structure provided with a high-density portion applied with a density-increasing treatment and an low-density portion and having a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNT) aligned in a predetermined direction, in which the structure has 1:3 or more of the degree of anisotropy in the alignment direction and in the direction vertical to the alignment direction and, in the (002) peak of the X-ray diffraction data in the high density region, the intensity of X-ray incident along the orientation direction is higher than that of the X-ray intensity from the direction vertical to the alignment direction, and the degree of alignment is defined by specific conditions.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube structure includes a number of carbon wires and a number of second carbon nanotubes. Each of the carbon nanotube wires includes a number of first carbon nanotubes joined end to end by the carbon-carbon bonds therebetween. The carbon wires and the carbon nanotubes are joined by van der Waals attractive force therebetween.