Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process to perform an endothermic methane pyrolysis reaction, said process comprising the steps of providing at least one fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes; and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state by passing upwardly through the said bed a fluid stream, to obtain a fluidized bed; heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 500° C. to 1200° C. to conduct the endothermic methane pyrolysis reaction; wherein the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition; wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 Ohm·cm to 500 Ohm·cm at 800° C. and wherein the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

Abstract: Methods for producing porous graphic carbon microspheres having improved separation properties over conventional porous graphitic carbons. The methods include dispersing a monovinyl aromatic monomer, a polyvinyl aromatic monomer, and an initiator in a solvent, contacting porous silica microspheres with the monomer dispersion for a time sufficient for the monomers to coat the porous silica microspheres, polymerizing the monomers to form copolymer coated microspheres, sulfonating the copolymer, pyrolyzing the sulfonated copolymer, digesting the carbon microspheres to dissolve the silica leaving porous carbon microspheres, pyrolyzing the porous carbon microspheres, and graphitizing the porous carbon microspheres to form porous graphitic carbon microspheres. Further provided are improved porous graphitic carbon microspheres and chromatography columns including the improved porous graphitic carbon microspheres described herein.

Abstract: Undesirable components of traditional coking processes are selectively cracked or coked in the coking vessel by injecting an additive into the vapors in the coking vessel. The additive contains catalyst(s), seeding agent(s), excess reactant(s), quenching agent(s), carrier(s), or any combination thereof to modify reaction kinetics to preferentially crack (or coke) these undesirable components that typically have a high propensity to coke, and are often precursors to coke in the coking process. These undesirable components can also be very problematic in downstream catalytic cracking processes, significantly contributing to coke on catalyst and catalyst deactivation. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide methods to (1) decrease coke production, (2) increase liquid transportation fuels, (3) control the coke crystalline structure, and (4) control the quantity and quality of volatile combustible materials (VCMs) in the resulting coke.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.

Abstract: Provided is a production process for a carbonized product characterized by comprising the following steps (a) to (b): (a) a step in which metal-made or ceramic-made plural granular matters are charged into a heat treating apparatus which is maintained at a temperature of 400° C. or higher and 700° C. or lower and allowed to move therein and in which a carbonized product precursor is fed into the above apparatus and subjected to heat treatment, whereby the carbonized product is adhered on the surface of the above granular matters and (b) a step in which the carbonized product adhered on the surface of the granular matters is heated at a higher temperature than the heat treating temperature in the step (a) and 900° C. or lower, whereby the carbonized product is separated from the granular matters. The present invention provides a production process for an inexpensive and useful carbonized product by simple apparatus and steps.

Abstract: Carbon blacks containing silicon and a process for manufacturing them. The carbon blacks containing silicon are suitable as reinforcing carbon blacks for rubber mixtures and give the latter viscoelastic properties such as reduced rolling resistance in tires. At the same time, the wet traction is even improved in the process.

Abstract: A refractory system for a reactor for producing carbon black. The system comprises a plurality of refractory bricks having an elongate axis arranged to provide at least one path through which a gas can flow. The path extends substantially perpendicular to the elongate axis and a plurality of the refractory bricks present a cross-sectional aspect to the gas flow which decreases, in the downstream direction, from a maximum aspect to reduce dead regions in gas flow adjacent the refractory bricks.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high purity graphite material comprises a baking process of a carbon material, a graphitizing process of the material and a highly purifying process of the material in sequential order, the highly purifying process of the material being carried out by high-frequency heating means under vacuum or reduced pressure. An apparatus for manufacturing a high purity graphite material comprises a container capable of being made vacuous or depressurized and in which an induction heating high-frequency coil and a graphite heater are incorporated, the container being provided with a gas discharge pipe and a gas supply pipe.

Abstract: A process for the production of a pollutant-free particulate carbon (i.e., a substantially ash-, sulfur- and nitrogen-free carbon) from carbonaceous feedstocks. The basic process involves de-oxygenating one of the gas streams formed in a cyclic hydropyrolysis-methane pyrolysis process in order to improve conversion of the initial carbonaceous feedstock. De-oxygenation is effected by catalytically converting carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen contained in one of the pyrolysis gas streams, preferably the latter, to a methanol co-product. There are thus produced two products whose use is known per se, viz., a substantially pollutant-free particulate carbon black and methanol. These products may be admixed in the form of a liquid slurry of carbon black in methanol.

Abstract: A method of producing vapor growth carbon fibers which are grown in a rection space by thermally decomposing gaseous hydrocarbon and by using transition metal fine particles as the catalyst, wherein the reaction space is filled with ceramic granules which serve as a radiation heat transfer medium and are moved to prevent an intermingling of the growing carbon fibers, so that the grown carbon fibers are conveyed from the reaction space by a gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to physical chemistry.The material is made as a three-dimensional matrix with a pore volume of from 0.2 to 1.7 cm.sup.3 /g. The matrix is formed by bent layers of carbon of 100-10,000 .ANG. thickness and 100-10000 .ANG. radius of curvature. The true density of the material according to the present invention is 1.80-2.10 g/cm.sup.3, its X-ray density is 2.112-2.236 g/cm.sup.3, the pore size distribution has its maximum within the range of 200-2,000 .ANG..The present invention can be useful in, for example, in the production of catalysts.

Abstract: Coal is gasified to produce carbon monoxide which is converted to carbon by a reverse Boudouard reaction2CO.fwdarw.CO.sub.2 +CThe carbon dioxide is recycled and reacted with coal to create more carbon monoxide by the Boudouard reactionCO.sub.2 +C.fwdarw.2COThe resulting carbon is recovered and mixed with a liquid to form a liquid slurry of particulate carbon which is useful as a liquid fuel. The liquid may be water or hydrocarbonaceous liquids. The process optimizes recovery of carbon from coal in a usable form, substantially free of sulfur, hydrogen, ash and nitrogen.

Abstract: An improved procedure is provided for increasing the electrical conductivity of graphite via intercalation. It has been found that fully halogenated hydrocarbons (as described) have the ability to substantially aid the intercalation of graphite by previously known intercalant mixtures of (a) fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof, and (b) a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, or mixtures thereof. The presence of a fully halogenated hydrocarbon, such as carbon tetrachloride, during the graphite intercalation reaction has been found to expedite the rate at which intercalation takes place and possibly enables the achievement of a greater electrical conductivity than would have otherwise been obtained. In a preferred embodiment the graphite carbon is present within a carbonaceous fibrous material at the time of its intercalation and the resulting product is substantially electrically oriented along the axis of the fiber.

Abstract: An improved procedure is provided for increasing the electrical conductivity of graphite via intercalation. It has been found that sulfur trioxide has the ability to substantially aid the intercalation of graphite by previously known intercalants such as (a) fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof, (b) a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, or mixtures thereof, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). Such presence of sulfur trioxide during the graphite intercalation reaction has been found to expedite the rate at which intercalation takes place and possibly enables the achievement of a greater electrical conductivity than would have otherwise been obtained. In a preferred embodiment the graphitic carbon is present within a carbonaceous fibrous material at the time of its intercalation and the resulting product is substantially electrically oriented along the axis of the fiber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing carbon black wherein a refractory reactor lining is effectively cooled. A combustible gaseous mixture is injected into a chamber defined by the refractory lining, oil feedstock also being injected into the chamber. Coolant fluid is passed through a passageway in the refractory material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for intercalating small graphite flakes with a metal halide. Graphite and a metal halide are placed in two chambers 12, 14 of a rotary vapor transport reactor assembly 10 and heated. The reactor is charged with a halogen gas and rotated by motor 24 during synthesis to produce a homogenous and uniform intercalated product.

Abstract: The production of microfibrous carbon by the catalytic pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials in the presence of metal containing catalysts is improved by the presence of a small quantity of a phosphorus-containing substance.

Abstract: Combustion products containing particulate solids such as carbon black are quenched by indirect heat exchange and the build up of solids deposits on the heat exchange surfaces is minimized or deposits on the heat exchange surfaces are removed by providing a fixed bed of fluidizable particulate solids within the indirect heat exchanger and positioning a shell-tube heat exchanger within the bed of solids with the heat exchange fluid being in the shell side and with the gas stream containing entrained solids such as carbon black passing through the tubes which contain particulate solids. Fluidization of the particulate solids by the gas stream containing carbon black, for example, passing through the tubes cleans or keeps the inner peripheries of the tubes clean.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon material to be decomposed and the combustion-supporting gas, such as air, are conditioned before admission to the reaction chamber to provide formation of carbon black under conditions highly controllable as to output product properties, particularly with reference to the hydrocarbon-air ratio. The air is conditioned by pre-heating in a heat exchanger, liquid hydrocarbon raw material is conditioned by pre-heating, pressurizing, pressure regulation, flow rate regulation and, finally, spray atomizing in ante-chambers distributed across the cross section of the combustion chamber and housed in a removable header on the intake side of the reaction chamber, whereas gaseous hydrocarbon raw material is conditioned for the process by control-mixing, pre-heating and diffusion in the aforesaid ante-chambers. A gas-fueled heater is provided for preliminary warming up of the reaction chamber to a temperature sufficiently high for partial combustion of the reagents.