Abstract: An exhaust energy recovery system (EERS) and associated methods for an engine are disclosed. An embodiment of an EERS, for example, includes an inlet duct that is configured to divert exhaust gas from an exhaust duct of the engine into the recovery system and an outlet duct configured to return the exhaust gas to the exhaust duct downstream of the inlet duct. The recovery system is configured to heat components or fluids associated with engine to operating temperatures. The recovery system may be part of a mobile power system that is mounted to a single trailer and includes an engine and a power unit such as a high pressure pump or generator mounted to the trailer. Methods of operating and purging recovery systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust energy recovery system (EERS) and associated methods for an engine are disclosed. An embodiment of an EERS, for example, includes an inlet duct that is configured to divert exhaust gas from an exhaust duct of the engine into the recovery system and an outlet duct configured to return the exhaust gas to the exhaust duct downstream of the inlet duct. The recovery system is configured to heat components or fluids associated with engine to operating temperatures. The recovery system may be part of a mobile power system that is mounted to a single trailer and includes an engine and a power unit such as a high pressure pump or generator mounted to the trailer. Methods of operating and purging recovery systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermally decomposing hydrocarbon feedstock may comprise a hydrocarbon feedstock, a non-oxidizing carrier gas, one or more heat exchangers, and a reaction chamber. The carrier gas may be used to transfer heat to the hydrocarbon feedstock. The heat exchanger(s) may be configured to heat the carrier gas. And the reaction chamber may be configured to receive hydrocarbon feedstock and heated carrier gas. Inside the reaction chamber, the hydrocarbon feedstock and the heated carrier gas may mix with one another causing the thermal decomposition reaction. The thermal decomposition reaction occurs in a substantially oxidant-free environment thereby eliminating or greatly reducing the production of carbon oxide byproducts. Hydrogen gas may be separated from a gaseous product stream that is thereafter collected from the reaction chamber. A portion of the gaseous product stream may be thermally coupled to the carrier gas and may thereafter be recycled through the system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermally decomposing hydrocarbon feedstock may comprise a hydrocarbon feedstock, a non-oxidizing carrier gas, one or more heat exchangers, and a reaction chamber. The carrier gas may be used to transfer heat to the hydrocarbon feedstock. The heat exchanger(s) may be configured to heat the carrier gas. And the reaction chamber may be configured to receive hydrocarbon feedstock and heated carrier gas. Inside the reaction chamber, the hydrocarbon feedstock and the heated carrier gas may mix with one another causing the thermal decomposition reaction. The thermal decomposition reaction occurs in a substantially oxidant-free environment thereby eliminating or greatly reducing the production of carbon oxide byproducts. Hydrogen gas may be separated from a gaseous product stream that is thereafter collected from the reaction chamber. A portion of the gaseous product stream may be thermally coupled to the carrier gas and may thereafter be recycled through the system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling the operation of a burner used for heating liquid glass feeders of a glass furnace. A burner is supplied with a fuel and oxygen. An additional gas is injected so that the sum of the oxygen flow, the fuel flow and the additional gas flow is greater than a minimum cooling flow for the burner.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of carbon black starting from a 360+ cut known as a slurry cut obtained from a FCC or RFCC unit, to which a vacuum residue type cut may be added, said process using a specific hydrotreatment unit.

Abstract: Undesirable components of traditional coking processes are selectively cracked or coked in the coking vessel by injecting an additive into the vapors in the coking vessel. The additive contains catalyst(s), seeding agent(s), excess reactant(s), quenching agent(s), carrier(s), or any combination thereof to modify reaction kinetics to preferentially crack (or coke) these undesirable components that typically have a high propensity to coke, and are often precursors to coke in the coking process. These undesirable components can also be very problematic in downstream catalytic cracking processes, significantly contributing to coke on catalyst and catalyst deactivation. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide methods to (1) decrease coke production, (2) increase liquid transportation fuels, (3) control the coke crystalline structure, and (4) control the quantity and quality of volatile combustible materials (VCMs) in the resulting coke.

Abstract: Methods for production of carbon black using high temperature feedstock at temperatures exceeding about 300° C. with fouling control are provided. An apparatus for production of carbon black according to these methods also is provided.

Abstract: Carbon blacks, such as rubber blacks, having a low PAH concentration are described. Furthermore, elastomeric or rubber compositions containing the carbon black of the present invention are further described, as well as methods of making carbon black having a low PAH concentration.

Abstract: A carbon black having an I2 number from 30 mg/g to 200 mg/g and a DBP from 20 cc/100 g to 40 cc/100 g.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Methods for production of carbon black using high temperature feedstock at temperatures exceeding about 300° C. with fouling control are provided. An apparatus for production of carbon black according to these methods also is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a granulated acetylene black which can be easily and well dispersed when it is incorporated in at least one of a resin and a rubber, the process for producing it, and its composition. A granulated acetylene black has an average aspect ratio of at most 1.1, an average maximum particle size of from 0.2 mm to 1 mm and an average particle size of from 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The granulated acetylene black is produced, after stirring and granulating a mixture containing from 35 to 50 mass % of an acetylene black original powder having an iodine adsorption amount of from 80 to 100 mg/g and a DBP absorption amount of from 140 to 220 ml/100 g and from 50 to 65 mass % of water, and subjecting to selection treatment, classification treatment or both treatments.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing carbon black or other flame aerosols, comprising the following steps: the heat is removed from the flame by dissipation and/or radiation; a thin gas boundary layer is formed; the flow formed by the flame and the gas boundary layer is accelerated or expanded; the obtained aerosol is withdrawn; and the cooling surface is cleaned. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out such a method and a black carbon having a maximum pH value of 6.0, a maximum ignition residue of 0.1 percent, and a maximum 5 ?m screening refuse of 200 ppm. The inventive black carbon can be used in rubber, plastic, printing inks, inks, inkjet inks, toners, lacquers, dyes, paper, bitumen, concrete, and other construction materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel composite metal oxide catalyst, a method of making the catalyst, and a process for producing synthesis gas using the catalyst. The catalyst may be a nickel and cobalt based dual-active component composite metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst may be used to produce synthesis gas by the carbon dioxide reforming reaction of methane. The catalyst on an anhydrous basis after calcinations has the empirical formula: M a m + ? N b n + ? Al c 3 + ? Mg d 2 + ? O ( am 2 + bn 2 + 3 2 ? c + d ) Mm+ and Nn+ are two transition metals serving as dual-active components and selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn or mixtures thereof, a+b+c+d=1, and 0.001?a?0.8, 0.001?b?0.8, 0.1?c?0.99, 0.01?d?0.99.

Abstract: The present invention provides a granulated acetylene black which can be easily and well dispersed when it is incorporated in at least one of a resin and a rubber, the process for producing it, and its composition. A granulated acetylene black having an average aspect ratio of at most 1.1, an average maximum particle size of from 0.2 mm to 1 mm and an average particle size of from 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The granulated acetylene black is produced, after stirring and granulating a mixture containing from 35 to 50 mass % of an acetylene black original powder having an iodine adsorption amount of from 80 to 100 mg/g and a DBP absorption amount of from 140 to 220 ml/100 g and from 50 to 65 mass % of water, and subjecting to selection treatment, classification treatment or both treatments.

Abstract: Methods of producing carbon black in a multi-stage reaction are described. Also described is carbon black formed from the processes.

Abstract: Targeted lipids and lipid particles are described which are assemblies of multipolar lipids, targeting molecules such as antibodies and polyanions. The lipids are of particular use for the delivery of bioactive substances such as nucleic acids to cells in vitro and especially in vivo.

Abstract: To provide a propylene resin composition excellent in both the electroconductivity and moldability and excellent in their balance, and a molded product thereof. A propylene resin composition comprising from 50 to 98 wt % of a propylene resin having a MFR of from 5 to 300 g/10 min, and from 2 to 50 wt % of carbon black having a 24M4DBP absorption of at least 130 cm3/100 g, a dehydrogenation amount of at most 1.2 mg/g at 1,500° C. for 30 minutes and a crystallite size (Lc) of from 10 to 17 ?. A propylene resin molded product which is a propylene resin molded product obtained by molding such a propylene resin composition and which has a volume resistivity of from 102 to 109 ?·cm and a MFR of from 1 to 80 g/10 min.

Abstract: A medical adsorbent which produces minimal side-effects such as constipation, has excellent adsorption for ionic organic compounds such as causative substances of uremia, exhibits adequate adsorption performance at low doses and avoids adsorption of high-molecular compounds necessary for the body, such as enzymes and polysaccharides. The medical adsorbent comprises activated carbon obtained by carbonizing a spherical phenol resin in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 400-1000° C., activating the carbonized spherical phenol resin at a temperature of 800-1000° C., washing it with dilute hydrochloric acid, heat treating it at a temperature of 150-1000° C. in a mixed gas comprising oxygen and nitrogen and then sorting it; the activated carbon has an area to weight ratio of 500-2000 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.2-1.0 mL/g and a packing density of 0.5-0.75 g/mL.

Abstract: A method to produce hydrogen gas or synthesis gas is described and involves the use of a staged reactor. The present invention further relates to effectively running a process such that efficient quantities of hydrogen gas are produced, along with economically useful amounts of carbon black. A combined facility utilizing a carbon black manufacturing plant and a refinery plant are further described, as well as products made by the various methods of the present invention.

Abstract: Off-gas from a carbon black furnace is employed as a combustion gas feed stream to the burner or combustion zone of the same or a different carbon black furnace in accordance with certain embodiments, suitable conduit and valving is provided to pass off-gas, from which carbon black has been substantially removed, from any and all of multiple different carbon black furnaces to the burner. The off-gas is heated, preferably by plasma heating, and dewatered. Carbon dioxide stripping or rather stripping of gas components from the dewatered heated off-gas is found to be unnecessary to achieve economically favorable use of off-gas recirculation.

Abstract: To provide carbon black which improves the electrical conductivity and flowability of a resin composition. Carbon black characterized by having the following characteristics: 24M4DBP absorption: At least 130 cm3/100 g (1,500° C.×30 min) dehydrogenation amount: At most 1.2 mg/g Crystallite size Lc: From 10 to 17 ? More preferably, it has the following characteristics: Nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: from 150 to 300 m2/g Average particle diameter: from 14 to 24 nm CTAB adsorption specific surface area: from 120 to 220 m2/g DBP absorption: from 150 to 400 cm3/100 g Oxygen-containing functional group density: at most 3 ?mol/m2.

Abstract: A carbon black having an I2 number from 30 mg/g to 200 mg/g and a DBP from 20 cc/100 g to 40 cc/100 g.

Abstract: Off-gas from a carbon black furnace is employed as a combustion gas feed stream to the burner or combustion zone of the same or a different carbon black furnace in accordance with certain embodiments, suitable conduit and valving is provided to pass off-gas, from which carbon black has been substantially removed, from any or all of multiple different carbon black furnaces to the burner. The off-gas is heated, preferably by plasma heating, and dewatered. Carbon dioxide stripping or rather stripping of gas components from the dewatered heated off-gas is found to be unnecessary to achieve economically favorable use of off-gas recirculation.

Abstract: Elastomer composites and elastomer blends comprising particulate fillers having selected structure and surface area values are disclosed as well as elastomer composites and elastomer blends having improved properties. Methods of making and using elastomer composites and elastomer blends are also disclosed.

Abstract: What is disclosed herein deals with low to medium pressure, high temperature, all ceramic, air-to-air, indirect heat exchangers, novel ball joints, high load-bearing ceramic tube sheets, and tube seal extenders for ceramic tubes that are useful in such heat exchangers. Also disclosed are new and novel systems used in new and novel industrial processes such as chemical processing, sludge destruction and the production of particulates such as, for example, carbon black. Systems utilizing several heat exchangers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner with a burner head (1) and a gas feed pipe (2) that is located in the burner head (1) and that is surrounded by an ring channel (3) for feed of another gas. In the gas feed pipe (2) and in the ring channel (3), there are means (10, 11) for producing a swirl of the gas flowing through the gas feed pipe (2) and that flowing through the ring channel (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing solid carbonaceous CxHy, wherein the ratio of x:y is greater than 2.5:1, or a hydrogen-rich gas, wherein a hydrocarbon fuel is heated with limiting amounts of oxidizer to a temperature of at least about 1000° C. whereby to effect incomplete combustion and pyrolytic decomposition of said hydrocarbon fuel, the carbonaceous product produced by that method, a method of combusting the gas produced by that method and reactors for performing these methods.

Abstract: Elastomer composites and elastomer blends comprising particulate fillers having selected structure and surface area values are disclosed as well as elastomer composites and elastomer blends having improved properties. Methods of making and using elastomer composites and elastomer blends are also disclosed.

Abstract: Filter devices and methods for collection of carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, produced in gas phase reactors are provided. The filter devices provide for in situ cleaning of filters to release captured product for collection. Product can be released and removed from the reactor without disrupting continuous synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. The filter devices facilitate increased reactor operation and larger scale production of carbon nanomaterials. The filters are cleaned by application of a motive force and/or a gas flow to the filter. In a specific embodiment filters are cleaned by a reverse flow of gas pulses to the filter provided. The invention also provides reactor systems for gas phase synthesis of carbon nanomaterials that can be operated continuously employing the filter device of this invention. Preferred reactor systems are those which synthesize carbon nanomaterials by combustion.

Abstract: A fluorinated carbon fiber has a hollow core structure in which a number of hexagonal carbon layers in the shape of a cup having no bottom are stacked. Edges of the hexagonal carbon layers are exposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the fluorinated carbon fiber. In the fluorinated carbon fiber, the exposed edges of the hexagonal carbon layers are fluorinated and have a structure shown by CxFy.

Abstract: Carbon black with a CTAB surface area from about 10 to 35 m2/g and a DBP absorption from about 40 to 180 ml/100 g, the &Dgr;D50 value being at least 340 nm. The carbon black may be produced in a furnace-black reactor from a liquid carbon-black raw material and gaseous carbon-black raw material injected into a constriction in the reactor. Compared to other forms of carbon black, the carbon blacks of the present invention have advantageous properties, such as improved dispersibility, and may be economically and conveniently used in rubber mixtures, particularly in those used to produce extrusion profiles.

Abstract: A reactor for producing carbon black comprising, in the following order from upstream to downstream, a) a combination combustion/reaction section, wherein the combustion/reaction section comprises at least one inlet for introducing a combustion feed and at least one inlet for introducing a carbonaceous feedstock, b) a choke section, wherein the choke section comprises at least one inlet for introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and wherein the choke section converges to a downstream end, c) a quench section, wherein the cross section of the quench section is equal to or larger than the downstream end of the choke section and smaller than the cross section of the combustion/reaction section, and d) a breeching section. Also disclosed is a method for producing carbon black. Further disclosed is a simplified carbon black plant for producing tread and/or carcass type carbon black.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

Abstract: An improved heat exchanger which resists fouling of the heat exchange surface by minimizing the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surface and the fluid stream in contact with the heat exchange surface. In one embodiment, fouling of the heat exchanger surfaces in a combustion air heat exchanger may be minimized by minimizing the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surface and the carbon black stream in contact with the heat exchanger surface. In the case of a combustion air heat exchanger, the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surfaces and the carbon black stream is preferably not greater than 500° F., more preferably not greater than 300° F. and even more preferably not greater than 100° F.

Abstract: A method for producing fullerenes, characterized in that said method includes a step (a) of contacting an aromatic compound-containing starting material with a supercritical fluid or a subcritical fluid in the presence of a transition metal element-containing catalyst at a temperature in a range of from 350 to 800° C. and at a pressure in a range of from 3 to 50 MPa. Said supercritical fluid or said subcritical fluid is formed from one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound as said starting material, a solvent for said aromatic compound, a solvent for said catalyst, water, dinitrogen monoxide, and ammonia.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon blacks having lower surface area and structure wherein steam is introduced into the combustion gas stream at a point located a distance “L” from the point of introduction of feedstock into the combustion gas stream such that the ratio L/D ranges from 0 to less than 1.0, where “D” is the diameter of the zone of the reactor at the point of introduction of feedstock.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black comprising reacting a reaction stream formed by a prior carbon black forming process with an oxidant and a carbon black yielding feedstock to produce carbon black and cooling, separating and recovering the carbon black. The process advantageously reduces the amount of fuel needed to produce carbon black. Also disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about 35 to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size of up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: A carbon black producing apparatus comprising a first reaction zone (1) where an oxygen-containing gas and fuel are supplied into the reactor and burned to form a combustion gas flow, a second reaction zone (2) disposed downstream of the first reaction zone and having a feedstock hydrocarbon feed port or ports for supplying a feedstock hydrocarbon to the combustion gas flow, whereby the feedstock hydrocarbon is reacted to produce carbon black, and a third reaction zone (3) disposed downstream of the second reaction zone and designed to stop the reaction, wherein in the first reaction zone, fuel feed port(s) (5) and oxygen-containing gas feed port(s) (6) are provided independently spaced-apart from each other and opened into the reactor from the same side thereof.

Abstract: Carbon black characterized by a STSA surface of between 20 and 180 m2/g, a 24M4-DBP absorption of between 40 and 140 ml/100 g, a specific BET surface of between 20 and 250 m2/g, a content of 0.01 to 20 wt. % of silicon, referred to its overall weight, and a tan &dgr;0/tan &dgr;60 ratio greater than 3.37−0.0068 STSA is produced by mixing silicon-containing compounds with the carbon black raw materials in the oxidative pyrolysis of the carbon black raw materials and optionally using carbon black oil as fuel. The carbon black can be used as a filler in rubber mixtures, preferably for tires.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: A carbon black having an average particle size of at most 13 nm, Dmod of at most 80 nm, a D½/Dmod ratio of at most 0.6 and at least pH 5.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black comprising reacting a reaction stream formed by a prior carbon black forming process with an oxidant and a carbon black yielding feedstock to produce carbon black and cooling, separating and recovering the carbon black. The process advantageously reduces the amount of fuel needed to produce carbon black. Also disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon blacks having lower surface area and structure wherein steam is introduced into the combustion gas stream at a point located a distance “L” from the point of introduction of feedstock into the combustion gas stream such that the ratio L/D ranges from 0 to less than 1.0, where “D” is the diameter of the zone of the reactor at the point of introduction of feedstock.

Abstract: A method for the production of fullerenic nanostructures is described in which unsaturated hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen are combusted in a burner chamber at a sub-atmospheric pressure, thereby establishing a flame. The condensibles of the flame are collected at a post-flame location. The condensibles contain fullerenic nanostructures, such as single and nested nanotubes, single and nested nanoparticles and giant fullerenes. The method of producing fullerenic soot from flames is also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to rigid porous carbon structures and to methods of making same. The rigid porous structures have a high surface area which are substantially free of micropores. Methods for improving the rigidity of the carbon structures include causing the nanofibers to form bonds or become glued with other nanofibers at the fiber intersections. The bonding can be induced by chemical modification of the surface of the nanofibers to promote bonding, by adding "gluing" agents and/or by pyrolyzing the nanofibers to cause fusion or bonding at the interconnect points.

Abstract: A process for converting carbon or carbonated compounds in a plasma into carbons having a defined nanostructure consists of a reaction chamber whose head part contains three electrodes, a plasma gas supply, and a carbon or carbonated compound supply. A process for preparing carbons having a defined nanostructure. Apparatus to carry out the processes.