Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, graphite fibers are grown on a suitably nucleated ceramic surface by passing a methane gas stream over the surface at an elevated temperature. Initially, the methane concentration in the gas stream is adjusted to between 5 and 15 volume percent to form microscopic carbon filaments. Thereafter, the methane concentration is increased to above 25 volume percent to thicken the filaments into fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing carbon filaments by dissociating a carbon-containing gas at a temperature to about 800.degree. C. in the presence of iron monoxide. The iron monoxide can be produced by treating a sample of substantially pure iron with steam at a temperature from about 540.degree. C.

Abstract: The production of microfibrous carbon by the catalytic pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials in the presence of metal containing catalysts is improved by the presence of a small quantity of a phosphorus-containing substance.

Abstract: An amorphous, carbonaceous, diamond-like film and a process for producing the same is disclosed. The film has an extremely low hydrogen content and an extremely low stress, is resistant to both acids and alkalis, and adheres tenaciously to many types of substrates including glasses, plastics, metals, and semiconductors. The process for producing this film is a hybrid process using radio frequency plasma decomposition of an alkane and a pair of spaced carbon electrodes.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, graphite fibers are grown by natural gas pyrolysis on an iron-base metal surface initially bearing a relatively thick oxide.

Abstract: Graphite fibers are preferably grown by natural gas pyrolysis adjacent a stainless steel surface. Prior to said natural gas pyrolysis, the surface is pretreated by evaporating a ferric nitrate solution to increase the yield of product fibers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus whereby small carbon particles are made by pyrolysis of a mixture of acetylene carried in argon. The mixture is injected through a nozzle into a heated tube. A small amount of air is added to the mixture. In order to prevent carbon build-up at the nozzle, the nozzle tip is externally cooled. The tube is also elongated sufficiently to assure efficient pyrolysis at the desired flow rates. A key feature of the method is that the acetylene and argon, for example, are premixed in a dilute ratio, and such mixture is injected while cool to minimize the agglomeration of the particles, which produces carbon particles with desired optical properties for use as a solar radiant heat absorber.

Abstract: A process for recovering oxygen from carbon dioxide is disclosed which is an improvement over the conventional process of utilizing an iron carbide catalyst in such reclamation process. As with the conventional processes the carbon dioxide is reacted with hydrogen to form a mixture of methane and water. The methane produced is then passed over a high temperature stable glass surface heated to about 1000.degree. C.-1200.degree. C. to produce hydrogen gas and a high density carbon, i.e. having a density greater than about 2 grams per cubic centimeter. This results in lessening of the storage problem for the carbon material because of its high density. The hydrogen gas produced is also recycled back to the incoming carbon dioxide for reaction.

Abstract: The production of fibrous carbon from hydrocarbons can be improved by employing recycled hydrocarbons as carrier gases.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of carbon black by means of an incomplete air-acetylene combustion reaction.The apparatus comprises heating means arranged around an acetylene jet and arranged to cause heat cracking of the acetylene molecules prior to the combustion reaction.The invention is applicable in particular for forming linings for facing moulds or the like used in metallurgy or glass-making, for forming insulating facings on conveying elements and for lubricating drawing heads.

Abstract: A method of producing high density carbon at relatively low temperatures is described. By flowing methane gas over glass rods or tubes at flow rates of 10 to 1300 cc per minute and temperatures of 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C., carbon having a density greater than 2 grams per cubic centimeter and hydrogen gas are produced. An inert gas such as argon can be intermittently pulsed through the system to sweep the system free of low density carbon deposits and heating preferably takes place by means of induction coil heated graphite susceptors or resistance heaters.

Abstract: There is provided a catalytic composition which comprises a mixture of a crystalline chromosilicate and an oxide of chromium, said catalytic composition providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O,wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is a value within the range of about 4 to about 500, and Z is a value within the range of about 0 to about 160. There is also provided a method for preparing such a catalytic composition.There is provided a process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon stream which comprises contacting said stream at conversion conditions with the above catalytic composition. In addition, there is provided a process for the isomerization of a xylene feed which comprises contacting said feed at isomerization conditions with the above catalytic composition.

Abstract: An acoustic vibrating element, such a domed speaker diaphragm A or a phonographic pickup cantilever B, is formed by vapor deposition on an easily separable mold member 5 of tantalum or tantalum alloy when a mixture of a hydrocarbon gas and an inert gas is passed through a furnace heated to a temperature of 1150.degree. C.-1250.degree. C. at a flow rate in excess of 200 cm/min. The c-axis crystalline orientation of the resulting graphite element is substantially perpendicular to its surface, which provides a Young's modulus above 16,000 Kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment, graphite fibers that are 5 to 15 microns in diameter and up to several centimeters long are grown within a thin-walled stainless steel tube by flowing natural gas through the tube, concurrently contacting the outer tube surface with wet hydrogen gas and heating to between 925.degree. C. to 1075.degree. C. to decompose methane in the natural gas to grow fibers on the inner surface of the tube.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced from sources of acetylene and at least one gaseous hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbons, monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons and polycyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons and oxygen. A thermal decomposition of acetylene and a partial combustion-reaction of hydrocarbon independently perform at a moment at the initiation of the reaction; and then, performing mixed reactions of all sources for the reactions in the same region in a reaction furnace.

Abstract: Carbon blacks having a carbon content greater than 99%, a mean particle diameter of 250 to 300 A, an electrical resistivity, measured under a pressure of 6.3 bars, of 0.270 to 0.350 ohm.cm and a DBP index of 400 to 500 ml per 100 g of black are disclosed together with a process for their preparation by incomplete combustion of acetylene in air. These blacks may be used especially for the manufacture of electric cells.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus is of the type in which feed units feed air and hydrocarbon material into a reaction chamber, where they react to form carbon black. A filter then removes the carbon black. Disclosed is the provision of a mixing chamber between the feed units and the reaction chamber. The mixing chambers pass through a demountable hollow reactor cover through which there is circulated a heat transfer fluid for controlling the temperature of the mixing chamber walls. The mixing chamber can be common to a plurality of feed units or be separate for each feed unit.Also disclosed is a feed unit which has a vortex plate, an output nozzle, and a hydrocarbon spray nozzle, all mounted on a hydrocarbon supply tube which in turn is fixed to a demountable cover of the feed unit. This permits these components to be readily removed with the cover for replacement or service. The feed units can also have their temperature controlled by the heat transfer fluid for the mixing chambers.

Abstract: A reaction chamber equipped with external heat exchanging coils for limiting the range of the reaction temperature, which must not go over 1200.degree. C nor below 900.degree. C, is supplied with hydrocarbon reagent and combustion-supporting reagent (air) in a way designed to enable a partial combustion reaction by which carbon black is formed to provide the main source of heat for maintaining the reaction temperature. At the entry end of the reaction chamber is a header providing a multiplicity of ante-chambers through which the reagents flow in a direction parallel to the axis of the reaction chamber while being heated up by heat from the reaction chamber. When a liquid reagent is used, it is atomized in the ante-chambers and vaporized and mixed with air in its passage through the ante-chambers. The air is preheated by a heat exchanger that cools the reaction products after a preliminary cooling by another heat exchanger.

Abstract: A process wherein a blast furnace is operated with oxygen instead of air to provide hot metal and a top gas of essentially carbon monoxide which is disproportionated, or decomposed, to carbon black.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon material to be decomposed and the combustion-supporting gas, such as air, are conditioned before admission to the reaction chamber to provide formation of carbon black under conditions highly controllable as to output product properties, particularly with reference to the hydrocarbon-air ratio. The air is conditioned by pre-heating in a heat exchanger, liquid hydrocarbon raw material is conditioned by pre-heating, pressurizing, pressure regulation, flow rate regulation and, finally, spray atomizing in ante-chambers distributed across the cross section of the combustion chamber and housed in a removable header on the intake side of the reaction chamber, whereas gaseous hydrocarbon raw material is conditioned for the process by control-mixing, pre-heating and diffusion in the aforesaid ante-chambers. A gas-fueled heater is provided for preliminary warming up of the reaction chamber to a temperature sufficiently high for partial combustion of the reagents.

Abstract: A fluid-wall reactor for high temperature chemical reactions comprising (A) a porous reactor tube, at least a portion of the interior of which defines a reaction zone, the tube being made of an electrically resistive, porous refractory material; (B) a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor tube to define an inert fluid plenum, the pressure vessel having at least one inlet for admitting the inert fluid which is directed under pressure through the porous tube wall to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the reactor tube; (C) means for introducing at least one reactant into the reaction zone, the reactants being directed in a predetermined path axially of the reactor tube and being confined by the protective blanket substantially centrally within the reaction zone; (D) means for passing an electric current through the reactor tube for heating the reactor tube to the temperature level at which it emits sufficient radiant energy to initiate and sustain the desired chemical reaction, the radiant en

Abstract: High temperature chemical reaction processes utilizing fluid-wall reactors can be conducted in fluid-wall reactors by a process which includes the steps of (a) generating a shell of a refractory material which reflects radiation, the volume enclosed by the shell constituting a black body cavity; (b) generating within the black body cavity an annular envelope of an inert fluid which is substantially transparent to radiation, the envelope having substantial axial length and the interior of the envelope defining a reaction chamber; (c) passing at least one reactant into the black body cavity and through the reaction chamber along a predetermined path substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the envelope, the reactants being confined within the reaction chamber; and (d) directing high intensity radiant energy into the reaction chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the predetermined path of the reactants, sufficient radiant energy being absorbed within the reaction chamber to raise the tempe

Abstract: The invention provides a more economical carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon surfaced friction member, such as a brake disc, by replacing a disc which is of fiber-reinforced carbon throughout its thickness by a disc in which a fiber-reinforced surface layer is bonded to a base of a less expensive material, such as bulk graphite. A textile may be applied to the base and carbonized and carbon deposited on the textile layer by the multiple impregnation process or the chemical vapor deposition process. In the latter process the base is preferably heated above the temperature of the textile layer, e.g. by electrical induction or resistance, to obtain carbon deposition from the base outward through the textile layer.

Abstract: The process comprises the incomplete combustion of at least one hydrocarbon having at least one ethylenical bond, preheated to a temperature clearly higher than its critical temperature, the black-formation temperature being at least 1700.degree. C and the recovering of the so formed black, which may be used in the manufacture of dry cells.