Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an aqueous sodium chloride solution, according to which a solid material comprising sodium chloride and heavy metals is dispersed in water, the aqueous medium thus obtained is alkalinized so as to precipitate the heavy metals in the form of metal hydroxides, calcium carbonate is coprecipitated with the metal hydroxides in the aqueous medium and the aqueous medium is then subjected to mechanical clarification.

Abstract: This invention describes formulations for table salt, table sugar and vinegar, containing nitrite scavengers to help reduce the intake of nitrosamines.

Abstract: The invention provides a common salt having the rounded-off savory taste of natural common salt and yet a reduced tendency toward deliquescence and coagulation and a process for producing the same. The invention further provides a method for fractional recovery of freshwater and raw materials for the above common salt from seawater in connection with the production of the same common salt. The common salt of the invention is a bittern-containing granular common salt with each of its grains consisting of a core comprised of a bittern-containing composition optionally containing NaCl and, as covering the grain, a coating layer comprised of a NaCl-containing composition optionally containing CaSO4 or bittern.

Abstract: A method for the production of Na Cl or an aqueous Na Cl solution from sea-water or brine comprising contacting sea-water or brine with a waste product from the Bayer process used for the production of aluminium, known as red mud. In the production of Na Cl, red mud can be added to solar salt evaporation pools to remove impurities such as magnesium and calcium, resulting in the production of purified Na Cl crystals.

Abstract: A new process for producing calcium chloride and other metal halides from the carbonates, bicarbonates, oxides of these metals. The process utilizes the discovery that hydrogen halides, when used in a true or conventional fluidizing medium in shallow beds of the aforementioned solids at moderately elevated temperatures in a continuous counter current process results in the conversion of the metal carbonates, bicarbonates, and oxides, into metal halides and carbon dioxide gas and/or water vapor. The process is carried out in a series of true or conventional fluidized beds preferable but not necessarily arranged in a vertical configuration so that the solids flow downward due to the fluidized process and the hydrogen halides flow counter currently in an upward direction producing metal halides at the bottom and pure carbon dioxide gas and/or water vapor at the top.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing pure salt is provided. The pure salt manufacturing method includes the steps of heating solar salt at 200° C. to dry moisture contained therein, placing the dried salt in a heating kiln and heating the same at 1300° C. to be liquefied for primary melting, diluting the molten salt with clean water to sediment heavy metals or impurities contained therein, separating only brine from the resulting material and heating the same to evaporate moisture contained therein, heating moisture-evaporated salt to produce crystallized salt, placing the crystallized salt in the heating kiln and heating the same at 1500° C. for secondary melting, diluting the secondarily molten salt with clean water to secondarily sediment heavy metals or impurities contained therein, separating unsedimented brine and heating the same to produce crystallized salt, placing the crystallized salt in the heating kiln and heating the same at 1800° C.

Abstract: A process for separating a solid compound other than lithium hydroxide, such as sodium chloride, in which lithium hydroxide is hydrosulfurized by bubbling gaseous hydrogen sulfide through an aprotic solvent, such as a polar organic compound, containing lithium hydroxide and the solid compound other than lithium hydroxide, solid-liquid separation is conducted under a condition in which the reaction of lithium hydrosulfide to lithium sulfide and hydrogen sulfide is suppressed and at a temperature of the liquid for separation at 50 to 150° C., and the separated crystal cake is further washed with the aprotic solvent to highly recover lithium hydrosulfide.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of producing natural salt or fresh water by treating sea water in an extremely short period of time and with high efficiently. The distilled water and salt components are treated for expediting crystallization of the salt components by evaporating water components by atomizing sea water and blowing warm wind thereto. During this treatment, there are provided a method and an apparatus of arranging net or cloth at one stage or a plurality of stages in a midway of a flow of the evaporated water components and adhering the salt components on the net or the cloth when the evaporated water components pass through the net or the cloth.

Abstract: A process for crystallization of an inorganic substance includes preparing a supersaturated solution of the inorganic substance to be crystallized in a solvent which is a liquid; forcing a stream of the supersaturated solution upwardly through successively a fluidized bed distributor of a fluidized bed reactor and a bed of crystals arranged above the fluidized bed distributor with a pressure effective to cause fluidization of the bed of crystals, the fluidized bed distributor dividing the stream of supersaturated solution into thin, substantially parallel and vertical jets; maintaining the fluidized bed distributor at a temperature which is uniform and at which the inorganic substance to be crystallized from the supersaturated solution is lower than or equal to the concentration corresponding to saturation; and controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed distributor to cause the stream of supersaturated solution in the fluidized bed distributor to undergo a temperature change which is insufficient to des

Abstract: Aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions, typically destined for electrolysis for the production of chlorine and containing a contaminating amount of iodine values in other than the periodate state, are purified by oxidizing the iodine values therein to the periodate oxidation state of +7 and then separating such periodate values therefrom. The starting alkali metal chloride solutions may also contain contaminating amounts of ammonium values, which in turn are oxidized, preferably simultaneously, to molecular nitrogen and degassed therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the scrubbing of chlorine is scrubbed from a chlorine-containing gas using an aqueous feed liquor containing an excess of alkali to give an effluent liquor containing chloride and hypochlorite ions is disclosed. The effluent liquor is recycled as part or all of the aqueous feed liquor. For at least part of the time, at least part of the effluent liquor is passed through a fixed bed of a catalyst for the decomposition of hypochlorite ions whereby hypochlorite ions are decomposed to oxygen gas and chloride ions. The resultant catalyst-treated liquor is mixed with the remainder, if any, of the effluent liquor and recycled, optionally together with added fresh alkali solution, as the aqueous feed liquor. Part of the effluent liquor is optionally discharged as a purge stream before or after passage through catalyst bed.

Abstract: A process for treating a waste or treatable material containing noxious component(s), comprising the following steps: (1) carrying out a first step for the treatable material, the first step including (a) mixing a treatment agent with the treatable material to form a mixture, the treatment agent containing alkali metal compound, and (b) heating the mixture in a first furnace at a first temperature in a low oxygen atmosphere to thermally decompose the treatable material to generate a substance containing the noxious component, the substance contacting and reacting with the treatment agent to form a harmless salt; and (2) carrying out a second step for the treatable material, the second step including heating the treatable material in a second furnace separate from the first furnace, at a second temperature higher than the first temperature so as to reduce volume of the treatable material.

Abstract: Process for enriching crude salt, in which the crude salt is ground and then cooled in a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, to a temperature below the anhydrous sodium chloride to sodium chloride dihydrate transition temperature, a stock of a powder comprising sodium chloride crystals is collected from the cooling step and the powder is subjected to particle-size fractionation from which a fine particle-size fraction and a coarse particle-size fraction comprising the enriched salt are collected.

Abstract: Process for purifying fumes originating from the incineration of household waste and for manufacturing an aqueous sodium chloride solution, according to which the fumes (3) are subjected to a dust-removal operation in order to separate out the ash (5), which is washed with water, the dust-free fumes (9) are treated with a basic reagent (11) comprising a sodium compound, and they are then subjected to a dust-removal operation, the dust (16) collected from the dust-removal operation is dispersed in water (8) originating from the washing of the ash (5), and the aqueous sodium chloride solution thus obtained (19) is purified.

Abstract: A novel method is described whereby chlorine and sodium sulfate waste by-products from chemical by-products are recycled to form useful chemicals. Sodium sulfate is first reacted to form a metal sulfate and sodium chloride. The sodium chloride may be used as a chemical feed in chlor-alkali plants. The metal sulfate is then reacted to form an ammonium sulfate or bisulfate which in turn is reacted with chlorine to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid may be used a chemical feed in chlorine dioxide plants and in various other chemical processes.