Abstract: A respiratory protection filter includes filtration media. The filtration media includes an iron-doped manganese oxide material having an average pore size (BJH method) in a range from 1 to 4 nm and a surface area (BET) of at least 300 m2/g, or at least 350 m2/g, or at least 400 m2/g.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recycling and refreshing a cathode material, a refreshed cathode material and a lithium ion battery. The method for recycling and refreshing the cathode material includes: 1) a cathode material recycled from a waste battery is mixed with a manganiferous salt solution; 2) an alkali aqueous solution is added to the mixture to react to obtain a manganese hydroxide coating cathode material; and 3) the manganese hydroxide coating cathode material is sintered with a lithium resource to obtain a refreshed cathode material. The refreshed cathode material has no obvious impurity phase and has good crystallinity, high initial charge-discharge efficiency and good cycling performance.

Abstract: Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Al (Aluminum) and Mn (manganese) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of valuable charge materials such as cobalt, nickel, aluminum and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. However, LiFePO4 is a waste stream charge material often discarded due to infeasibility of recycling. LiFePO4 is precipitated as FePO4 and remains as a by-product, along with graphite and carbon, which are not dissolved into the solution. FePO4 can be separated from graphite and carbon, FePO4 can be used to synthesize LiFePO4 as cathode materials and graphite can be regenerated as anode materials.

Abstract: A method is provided which can separate rhenium from a solution containing rhenium by a simple procedure in a shorter time. A method of selectively recovering rhenium from a solution containing rhenium and one or more different metals is also provided. A method of recovering rhenium is used. The method involves (A) adding an electron donor (aliphatic secondary alcohol or aliphatic secondary thioalcohol) and a ketone compound to a solution containing perrhenate ions, (B) irradiating the solution after the addition step with ultraviolet light to precipitate a reduced species of the perrhenate ions contained in the solution, and (C) separating the reduced species of perrhenate ions from the solution, the reduced species being precipitated during the ultraviolet light irradiation.

Abstract: The surface of a lithium ion cathode material (e.g., a lithium metal oxide material capable of releasing and accepting lithium ions during charging and discharging, respectively, of a lithium ion electrochemical cell) is coated with a lithium metal oxide (LMO) material comprising a high-valent metal to, inter alia, reduce interfacial resistance toward lithium exchange. Li-rich phases on the surface of the treated LMO particles allow for better lithium ion diffusion. The inclusion of elements that form phases with lithium and can substitute in the host structure allow for mixing across interfaces leading to more robust structures that better mimic epitaxial-type layers. Inclusion of doping elements in place of some of the high-valent metal in the surface-treating composition provides unexpectedly improved performance over surface treatments comprising lithium metal oxides that only include a high-valent metal.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in the middle rate discharge characteristic as compared with conventional electrolytic manganese dioxide, and a method for its production and its application. Electrolytic manganese dioxide characterized in that the potential as measured in a 40 wt % KOH aqueous solution by using a mercury/mercury oxide reference electrode as a standard is higher than 250 mV and less than 310 mV, and the volume of pores having a pore diameter of at least 2 nm and at most 50 nm is at most 0.0055 cm3/g. Of such electrolytic manganese dioxide, the volume of pores having a pore diameter of at least 2 nm and at most 200 nm is preferably at most 0.0555 cm3/g.

Abstract: A method for the selective precipitation and recovery of manganese from a manganese containing solution, such as a geothermal brine is provided, wherein the geothermal brine is contacted with ammonia, an ammine, or ammonium salt at a pH of greater than about 8.0 to selectively precipitate manganese having a purity of at least about 95%. Also provided are methods for the selective recovery of manganese and zinc from a brine solution.

Abstract: An alkaline battery including a negative electrode including zinc, a positive electrode including manganese dioxide, and an alkaline electrolyte, in which the positive electrode includes graphite particles each having a basal surface and an edge surface, and anatase titanium dioxide particles, and the anatase titanium dioxide particles have a mean particle size larger than a height of the edge surface of each graphite particle.

Abstract: A method for producing high-purity trimanganese tetraoxide from dust containing manganese includes adding sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and a reductant to manganese dust and leaching manganese therefrom; eliminating primary impurities by adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)) to the leached manganese solution acquired from the leaching step; eliminating secondary impurities by adding sulfides to the leached manganese solution from which primary impurities have been eliminated; precipitating manganese by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) so as to control the pH in the leached manganese solution from which secondary impurities have been eliminated, and cleaning and drying the precipitated specimen; and acquiring high-purity trimanganese tetraoxide by injecting the dried specimen with air and heat-treating same under oxidizing conditions. Thus the present invention allows high-purity trimanganese tetraoxide to be produced from dust containing manganese, for use as material for a secondary battery.

Abstract: High purity MnO and zinc oxide may be efficiently recovered from alkaline and/or carbon zinc batteries using a process involving the treatment of the crushed batteries with an alkali hydroxide to produce insoluble manganese oxides and an alkali zincate solution. Zinc oxide is obtained by reacting the zinc solution with carbon dioxide or an acid such as a mineral acid and furnacing. The manganese oxides are converted to MnO by furnacing under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention aims at separating and removing arsenic in a stable form from raw material containing rhenium and arsenic, and reducing a circulation amount of arsenic in a rhenium purification process to obtain rhenium with low-content arsenic.

Abstract: There is provided a process for decontaminating and converting volumetrically contaminated radioactive metals, especially nickel, and recovering a decontaminated metal hydroxide or metal carbonate. The process includes the use of hydrogen peroxide to oxidize and remove nucleotides.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of manganese dioxide, zinc hydroxide/oxide and steel from metal cased alkaline dry cell batteries which have been wet crushed. There is also a process for recovery of the steel and high purity manganese dioxide which can be directly utilized in the electrode for alkaline dry cell batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a valuable-metal sulfuric-acid solution from a waste battery, and to a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material. The method for manufacturing the valuable-metal sulfuric-acid solution includes: a step of obtaining valuable-metal powder containing lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese from waste batteries; a step of acid-leaching the valuable-metal powder under a reducing atmosphere in order to obtain a leaching solution; and a step of separating the lithium from the leaching solution so as to obtain a sulfuric-acid solution containing the nickel, cobalt, and manganese.

Abstract: Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Mn (manganese), Li (lithium), and Fe (iron) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the selective recovery of manganese and zinc from geothermal brines that includes the steps of removing silica and iron from the brine, oxidizing the manganese and zinc to form precipitates thereof, recovering the manganese and zinc precipitates, solubilizing the manganese and zinc precipitates, purifying the manganese and zinc, and forming a manganese precipitate, and recovering the zinc by electrochemical means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the selective recovery of manganese and zinc from brines that includes the steps of contacting a brine with an ionic liquid in order to selectively extract manganese and zinc from the brine into the ionic liquid; and treating the ionic liquid containing extracted manganese and zinc with an aqueous solution to selectively precipitate manganese, producing a manganese depleted, zinc rich ionic liquid. The method can further include the steps of treating the manganese depleted, zinc rich ionic liquid with an aqueous solution to selectively precipitate zinc.

Abstract: A process for batchwise preparation of carbonates of at least two transition metals which may comprise hydroxide(s) of the corresponding transition metals, which comprises combining at least one aqueous solution comprising at least two transition metal salts having cations of at least two different transition metals overall with at least one solution of at least one carbonate or hydrogencarbonate of at least one alkali metal or ammonium, introducing a stirrer power of at least 0.25 W/l, and keeping the reaction volume essentially constant during the admixing with alkali metal (hydrogen)carbonate by removing liquid phase while adding solution of alkali metal (hydrogen)carbonate or alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Catalytic structures are provided comprising octahedral tunnel lattice manganese oxides ion-exchanged with metal cations or mixtures thereof. The structures are useful as catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes and may be prepared by treating layered manganese oxide under highly acidic conditions, optionally drying the treated product, and subjecting it to ion exchange.

Abstract: A method of recovering rhenium (Re) and other metals from Re-bearing materials in the form of ammonium perrhenate having at least the step of adding Re-bearing materials into a leaching slurry. Additionally, the method has the step of adjusting the pH of the slurry to obtain Re in soluble form in a metal salt solution and insoluble residues; filtering the metal salt solution to remove the insoluble residues; selectively precipitating Re from the metal salt solution; and filtering the Re precipitate from the metal salt solution to obtain a Re filtercake. The method further has the step of drying and formulating Re to produce Re sulfide product.

Abstract: A method of recovering rhenium (Re) and other metals from Re-bearing materials in the form of ammonium perrhenate having at least the step of adding Re-bearing materials into a leaching slurry. Additionally, the method has the step of adjusting the pH of the slurry to obtain Re in soluble form in a metal salt solution and insoluble residues; filtering the metal salt solution to remove the insoluble residues; selectively precipitating Re from the metal salt solution; filtering the Re precipitate from the metal salt solution to obtain a Re filtercake; and formulating and drying the Re filtercake to obtain a Re sulfide product. The method further has the step of combining the Re sulfide product with a Molybdenum (Mo) concentrate containing Re to obtain a Mo/Re concentrate; roasting the Mo/Re concentrate to obtain Mo oxide product and a flue gas containing Re; and treating the flue gas containing Re to obtain ammonium perrhenate.

Abstract: A method of preparing basic metal carbonate selected from the group consisting of zinc carbonate, nickel carbonate, silver carbonate, cobalt carbonate, tin carbonate, lead carbonate, manganese carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate from metals comprising: contacting the metal with an aqueous solution comprising an amine, carbonic acid, and oxygen under conditions where the metal is converted into basic metal carbonate; and recovering the basic metal carbonate.

Abstract: The invention covers the combination of utilizing the selectivity of an adsorbent to remove species from a liquid containing mixtures of ions and then subjecting the loaded resin to a chromatographic displacement utilizing the most selectively adsorbed species to displace the undesired co-adsorbing impurities. The technique can be used even when the most selectively adsorbed species is present as a minor constituent in the feed solution.

Abstract: The invention covers the combination of utilizing the selectivity of an adsorbent to remove species from a liquid containing mixtures of ions and then subjecting the loaded resin to a chromatographic displacement utilizing the most selectively adsorbed species to displace the undesired co-adsorbing impurities. The technique can be used even when the most selectively adsorbed species is present as a minor constituent in the feed solution.

Abstract: Uses for a composition comprising a polymer derived from at least two monomers: acrylic-x and an alkylamine, wherein said polymer is modified to contain a functional group capable of scavenging one or more compositions containing one or more metals are disclosed. These polymers have many uses in various mediums, including wastewater systems.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the instantaneous control of the precipitation of nickel and cobalt present in a leach liquor by adjustment of the pH-value. Said leach liquor is obtained by pressurized acidic leaching of laterite ores and additionally contains aluminium, ferric and ferrous iron and chromium among others. The process comprises the following steps: precipitation of aluminium, ferric and ferrous iron, chromium etc. by increasing the pH-value by adding a suitable reagent such as lime and/or limestone, following precipitation of nickel and cobalt by further increasing the pH-value of the liquor, finally separating the precipitate from the low-content nickel and cobalt solution. The nickel and cobalt precipitate can be used for further refinement. In order to keep the process conditions constant, the steps of increasing the pH-value are controlled simultaneously.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrometallurgical process of recovering rhenium values from mixtures thereof with other metal values in which the rhenium values constitute a minority amount, for example super-alloys, which comprises subjecting the mixture to strongly oxidizing acid conditions, preferably an aqueous mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, so as to form perrhenate species of at least the major proportion of the rhenium values in the mixture, dissolving the perrhenate species and other soluble metal species in aqueous solution, removing insoluble metal species from the aqueous solution, and isolating the rhenium species from the solution.

Abstract: A process for producing a Group II metal sulfide phosphor precursor, comprising adding to an organic solvent an aqueous solution containing at least one of a Group II element compound, a sulfurizing agent, and a compound containing any of copper, silver, manganese, gold, and rare-earth elements to obtain a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to produce an azeotrope of the water and the organic solvent, and removing water from the reaction mixture to produce a desired Group II metal sulfide in the reaction mixture, wherein the removal of water from the reaction mixture occurs by recovering only the water condensed from a vapor produced by the azeotropic distillation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of cobalt(II)hydroxide into cobalt(III)oxidehydroxide (CoOOH) by reaction of the cobalt(II)hydroxide with oxygen in the presence of certain metal compounds. The invention further relates to the use of cobalt(III)oxidehydroxide thus prepared in the preparation of catalysts or catalysts precursors, especially catalysts or catalyst precursors for the conversion of synthesis gas into normally liquid and normally solid hydrocarbons and to normally liquid or solid hydrocarbons, optionally after additional hydrotreatment, obtained in such a conversion process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing metals from waste, particularly electronic waste (or “e-waste”). The process generally includes the steps of dissolving at least some of the metals from the waste with nitric acid reagent and then causing at least some of the metals to precipitate as metal oxides and/or metal nitrates. NOx gases produced as by-product by the nitric acid dissolution of metallic components in the electronic waste are reused, in particular for generating permanganate when one of the metallic components comprises manganese.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of recovering rhenium (Re) and other metals from Re-bearing materials.

Abstract: A method of treating alkaline industrial by-products, such as red mud generated by Bayer process bauxite refining, is described. Embodiments of the method comprise treating the alkaline industrial by-products with salts of divalent and/or polyvalent cations, thereby lowering pH of the alkaline industrial by-products. The method involves replacement reactions in which relatively insoluble hydroxide salts form precipitates, thereby removing hydroxide ions from solution.

Abstract: It is to provide a process of treating a selenium-containing liquid which can inexpensively treat the selenium-containing liquid. The formation of selenate is inhibited by adding at least one selected from a group consisting of Ti and Mn into the selenium-containing liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovery of uranium from a spent nuclear fuel using a carbonate solution, characterized by excellent proliferation resistance of preventing leaching of transuranium element (TRU) nuclides such as Pu, Np, Am, Cm, etc. from the spent nuclear fuel as well as environmental friendliness of minimizing waste generation, wherein a highly alkaline carbonate solution is used to separate uranium alone from the spent nuclear fuel.

Abstract: In a reaction chamber (20), a used alkaline permanganate etching solution (12) is accommodated and an alkaline earth hydroxide (14) such as calcium hydroxide is added in the reaction chamber, a liquid inside of the reaction chamber is agitated, the liquid is exhausted from a side portion or a top portion of the reaction chamber through a filter (28), a precipitate (26) adhered to the filter is scraped off, and a precipitate containing a hardly soluble or insoluble matter incapable of passing through the filter and accumulated on a bottom portion of the reaction chamber is exhausted from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method and system of removing or decreasing waste liquor manganese concentration to less than about 1 mg/L total manganese without the precipitation of significant amounts of magnesium. The method and system include steps for treating the waste liquor using three separate circuits in which in the first circuit, manganese is reduced, for example, from about 2 g/L to <500 mg/L using pH adjustment with a suitable neutralizing agent; and in the second circuit, the final target manganese level is achieved by oxidative precipitation using a suitable oxidizing agent. Part of the precipitated manganese product, e.g., MnO2, is recycled to the oxidative precipitation circuit as seed and the balance proceeds to a third circuit wherein the precipitated manganese product is re-dissolved, and then recycled to the first neutralization circuit. In the first neutralization circuit and the second oxidative precipitation circuit, the process conditions are selected to minimize the precipitation of magnesium, e.g., Mg(OH)2.

Abstract: The present application relates to granules of powdery mineral particles produced by spray granulation of a liquid slurry comprising powdery minerals particles having particle size below 10 m, at least one water-reducing agent and/or at least one binder agent and/or at least one dispersing agent. The application further relates to a method for producing such granules.

Abstract: Methods and systems for regenerating and pretreating oxides of manganese and precipitation of oxides of manganese from manganese salt solutions. Oxides of manganese, a slurry containing oxides of manganese or manganese salt solutions are mixed with heated aqueous oxidizing solutions and processed in a continuous process reactor. Temperature, pressure, Eh value, and pH value of the mixed solution are monitored and adjusted so as to maintain solution conditions within the MnO2 stability area during processing. This results in regenerated, pretreated and precipitated oxides of manganese having high or increased pollutant loading capacities and/or oxidation states. Oxides of manganese thus produced are, amongst other uses; suitable for use as a sorbent for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams. Filtrate process streams containing useful and recoverable value present as spectator ions may be further processed to produce useful and marketable by-products.

Abstract: In a reaction chamber (20), a used alkaline permanganate etching solution (12) is accommodated and an alkaline earth hydroxide (14) such as calcium hydroxide is added in the reaction chamber, a liquid inside of the reaction chamber is agitated, the liquid is exhausted from a side portion or a top portion of the reaction chamber through a filter (28), a precipitate (26) adhered to the filter is scraped off, and a precipitate containing a hardly soluble or insoluble matter incapable of passing through the filter and accumulated on a bottom portion of the reaction chamber is exhausted from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the microwave treatment of a class of selected metal ores and concentrates, particularly those known as chalcopyrite, in a fluidized bed reactor. The end product is commonly a mixture of copper oxide and copper sulfate, both of which are liquid soluble and directly recoverable by known techniques. The ratio of the oxide-sulfate mixture end product may be controlled by suitable control of microwave parameters.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of recovering a copper component or a manganese component from a cleaning agent containing copper oxide, a cleaning agent containing basic copper carbonate, a cleaning agent containing copper hydroxide, or a cleaning agent containing copper oxide and manganese oxide, the cleaning agents having been used for removing, through contact with a harmful gas, a phosphine contained as a harmful component in the harmful gas. Also, the invention provides a method of recovering a copper component or a manganese component from a cleaning agent containing basic copper carbonate, a cleaning agent containing copper hydroxide, or a cleaning agent containing copper oxide and manganese oxide, the cleaning agents having been used for removing, through contact with a harmful gas, a phosphine contained as a harmful component in the harmful gas.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode composition for lithium secondary battery that includes a lithium-chromium-titanium-manganese oxide that has the formula Li[Li(1-x)/3CrxTi(2/3)yMn2(1-x-y)/3]O2 where 0?x?0.3, 0?y?0.3 and 0.1?x+y?0.3, and layered a-LiFeO2 structure. A method of synthesizing the lithium-chromium-titanium manganese oxide includes preparing a first mixed solution by dispersing titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a mixed solution of chrome acetate (Cr3(OH)2(CH3CO2)7) and manganese acetate ((CH3CO2)2Mn.4H2O), adding a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) solution to the first mixed solution to obtain homogeneous precipitates, forming precursor powder that has the formula Li[Li(1-x)/3CrxTi(2/3)yMn2(1-x-y)/3]O2 where 0?x?0.3, 0?y?0.3 and 0.1?x+y?0.3 by heating the homogeneous precipitates, and heating the precursor powder to form oxide powder having a layered structure.

Abstract: The oxide materials are of the class of ternary mesoporous mixed oxide materials including lanthanum, a metal M selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and zirconium or cerium such a mesoporous La—Co—Zr mixed oxide material designated as Meso LCZ[x] where x is the atomic ratio (La+Co)/La+Co+Zr. They are useful as catalysts since they show high activities for hydrocarbon oxidation and good resistance against poisoning agents. These highly ordered mesoporous mixed oxides are synthesized by: preparing an amorphous solution of a La-M precursor and adding a salt of zirconium or cerium thereto; acidifying the amorphous solution in the presence of a surfactant under conditions to obtain a clear homogeneous solution; adjusting pH of the solution under conditions to form a solid precipitate; separating the solution and surfactant from the precipitate; and calcinating the precipitate.

Abstract: Processes for treating iron containing waste streams are provided. According to these processes, metal-containing compounds, particularly iron oxides are produced. These methods may, for example, be used in the processing of the waste streams from the chlorination of titanium-bearing raw materials and involve the use of certain combinations of neutralization and precipitation steps.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphor particles of a host oxide doped with a rare earth or manganese which comprises: preparing an aqueous solution of salts of the host ion and of the dopant ion and a water soluble compound which decomposes under the reaction conditions to convert said salts into hydroxycarbonate, heating the solution so as to cause said compound to decompose, recovering the resulting precipitate and calcining it at a temperature of at least 500° C. Substantially monocrystalline particles can be obtained by this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and processes for recovery and/or extraction of metal values from ore or other raw material containing oxides of the metal and to precipitation of oxides of metals that have oxidation states and/or pollutant loading capacities equal to or greater than that of the metal oxides in the ore or other raw material which are suitable, amongst other uses, as a sorbent for capture and removal of target pollutants from industrial and other gas streams. Further, the invention relates to oxides of metals so recovered and precipitated.

Abstract: A process is provided for selectively precipitating and removing manganese relative to magnesium from an acidic solution, preferably barren of one or more of cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, but containing appreciable amounts of manganese, magnesium, and aluminum. The process comprises a) adding a first alkaline reagent, for example lime and/or limestone, to neutralize the acidic solutions and to precipitate a majority of the aluminum as aluminum-containing solids, without precipitating a substantial amount of the magnesium; b) removing the precipitated aluminum-containing solids to create an aluminum-depleted solution; c) adding a second alkaline reagent, for example lime, to the aluminum-depleted solution and aerating for a sufficient retention time to preferentially precipitate a majority of the manganese as manganese-containing solids; and d) removing the precipitated manganese-containing solids.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and processes for treating particulate oxides of manganese useful as oxidizing sorbents for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams, including, but not limited to, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxide (SOx), mercury (Hg), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), other totally reduced sulfides (TRS), and oxides of carbon (CO and CO2) gases. Oxides of manganese are washed an aqueous oxidizing solution, which may be adjusted as necessary to maintain the oxidizing solution a desired range of pH (acidity) and Eh (oxidizing potential) within the MnO2 stability area for aqueous solutions. The resulting treated oxides of manganese are equally or more efficient as sorbents as the oxides of manganese processed with the invention.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an aqueous sodium chloride solution, according to which a solid material comprising sodium chloride and heavy metals is dispersed in water, the aqueous medium thus obtained is alkalinized so as to precipitate the heavy metals in the form of metal hydroxides, calcium carbonate is coprecipitated with the metal hydroxides in the aqueous medium and the aqueous medium is then subjected to mechanical clarification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. In this method, a lithium salt is reflux-reacted with a metal salt in a basic solution. The positive active material has a spherical or sperical-like form, diameter of 10 nm to 10 &mgr;m, and a surface area of 0.1 to 5 m2/g.