Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten and rhenium from a tungsten and rhenium bearing solution. The process involves adding sufficient hydrochloric acid to the solution to form a first precipitate containing essentially all of the tungsten and a first mother liquor having an acid concentration of at least about 1.25 normal, and containing the major portion the rhenium, followed by separating the first precipitate from the first mother liquor. A source of sulfide ions is then added to the first mother liquor with agitation for a sufficient time and with the amount of sulfide ions being sufficient to form a second precipitate containing essentially all of the rhenium which was in the first mother liquor, and a second mother liquor, followed by separation of the second precipitate from the second mother liquor.

Abstract: A water purifier consisting essentially of manganese dioxide particles having a 20 to 48 mesh size and macroscopic pores which are so large in size as to permit passage of water therethrough. The particles may have active sites of needle-like or columnar crystals of manganese dioxide on the surfaces thereof. A method for making such water purifier is also described.

Abstract: A process is described for removing copper and manganese ions from a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 6 to 9 carbon atoms by extracting the metal ions into an aqueous layer in the presence of an extractant acid, the hydrogen of which can be replaced by both metal ions. The metal ion-containing aqueous layer may then be separated from the monocarboxylic acid-containing organic layer, with the latter layer having a substantially reduced content of copper and manganese ions.

Abstract: A method of recovering a catalytic cobalt and/or manganese from a distillation residue in a process for preparing an aromatic carboxylic acid comprising a liquid-phase oxidation of the aromatic hydrocarbon having aliphatic substituent(s) or its oxidized derivatives in the presence of the catalytic cobalt and/or manganese and the distillation of the reaction product, which comprises successively or simultaneously treating the distillation residue with water and with an organic solvent having a relative dielectric constant D of3.0.ltoreq.D.ltoreq.

Abstract: A process of preparing manganite, MnOOH, from an aqueous manganese (II) nitrite solution by a fast batch decomposition in the presence of an "active" solid surface.

Abstract: A process of preparing manganite, MnOOH, from an aqueous manganese (II) nitrite solution by a continuous two-step decomposition process in the presence of an "active" solid surface.

Abstract: Manganese dioxide having high bulk density, high tap density and high activity for use in batteries can be obtained by decomposing an aqueous solution of ammonia complex of manganese at a temperature of 68.degree. C. or higher than roasting the resulting manganese carbonate in an atmosphere of oxygen and 15-85% of steam at a temperature of 275.degree. to 375.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for removing manganese and chloride ions from an aqueous acidic sulphate solution containing zinc, manganese and chloride ions without removing a substantial amount of zinc ions from the solution includes adjusting the free acidity of the solution if necessary to at least about 0.1 molar. The solution is then treated with ozone to oxidize manganese ions to manganese dioxide, and the ozone treatment is continued after the manganese concentration has fallen to a low level to oxidize chloride ions to chlorine gas. The precipitated manganese dioxide is removed from the solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in a method for the recovery for recycle to the cooxidation-coesterification process for the production of dimethyl terephthalate from p-xylene, air and methanol of oxidation catalyst by aqueous extraction of a distillation residue containing the same. To minimize recycle of any iron present in the residue, iron oxidant material (for example, hydrogen peroxide) is admixed in one embodiment with the residue and water in the aqueous extraction procedure, and in a second embodiment with the resulting aqueous extract. In both embodiments, if any iron is present, it is precipitated. In the first embodiment the precipitate stays with the residue. In the second embodiment the aqueous extract is separated from the precipitate.

Abstract: Precipitation-free recovery of catalyst metal content of residue from manufacture of benzene carboxylic acid by oxidation with source of molecular oxygen of liquid methyl-substituted benzene in presence of cobalt, manganese, cerium, and mixtures of two or more thereof followed by removal of benzene carboxylic acid and, if used, reaction solvent. Such precipitation-free method comprises extracting such residue with water, contacting the resulting extract solution or suspension of insolubles in extract solution with one side of a cation permeable fluoropolymer membrane and contacting the opposite side of the membrane with a hydrohalidic acid.

Abstract: A method for thermally decomposing manganese nitrate in an aqueous solution containing alkali and/or alkaline earth nitrates including splashing said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate to form droplets or sheets of solution, heating said droplets or sheets of solution to partially decompose each droplet or sheet of solution to form manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and reuniting said droplets or sheets of solution containing manganese dioxide with said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate; and/or spraying said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate to form droplets of solution, heating said droplets of solution to fully decompose each droplet to form nonstoichiometric manganese dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, and recovering said nonstoichiometric manganese dioxide.

Abstract: Recovery of cobalt and manganese metal oxidation catalysts from residue of trimellitic acid manufacture and separation of recovered cobalt from recovered manganese can be accomplished by a novel method involving dissolving the residue in water, displacing dissolved cobalt as cobalt metal by manganese metal added to the solution whose pH has been adjusted to pH of 6 and then using magnetic means for separating metallic cobalt from the cobalt-free solution.

Abstract: Cobalt and manganese are recovered from incineration ash obtained by combustion of residue from the manufacture of trimellitic acid and its recovery as 4-carboxyphthalic anhydride and then the recovered cobalt is separated from the recovered manganese by magnetic separation. The foregoing is accomplished by extraction of the ash with an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide or chloride, recovery of the extract solution, and the upward adjustment of its pH while adding powdered manganese to precipitate metallic cobalt for its separation by magnetic means.

Abstract: A process for removing manganese ions from aqueous acidic sulphate solutions containing zinc and manganese ions, without removing a substantial amount of zinc ions from solution, includes treating the solution with ozone to oxidize manganese ions to manganese dioxide, and removing the manganese dioxide from the solution.

Abstract: Large proportion of available manganese ores contain high proportions of potassium. Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is manufactured from manganous sulphate obtained from naturally occuring manganese ores. Crystallographically EMD has to be essentially gamma phase and other phases, alpha and beta should be the bare minimum. High potassium content is, however, an obstruction in the way of getting gamma phase EMD. The present invention describes a method of making manganous sulphate solution with low level impurity of potassium from high potassium ores which comprises adding the reduced ore to spent electrolyte containing ferric ions and digesting same at pH 1-2 and temperature of 60.degree.-90.degree. C. for 1-4 hours, and thereafter again adding reduced ore to the digested product till pH is raised to 4-6.

Abstract: Battery-grade MnO.sub.2 is produced by(a) treating a MnCl.sub.2 solution with Cl.sub.2 and Mg(OH).sub.2 whereby obtaining a MgCl.sub.2 solution that contains a MnO.sub.2 precipitate; and said MgCl.sub.2 solution contains at least 85 g/l of magnesium(b) allowing to digest the precipitate in the MgCl.sub.2 solution in presence of Cl.sub.2 under pressure;(c) separating the digested precipitate from the solution; and(d) washing and drying the precipitate.Owing to step (b), operating conditions in step (a) may be such that a concentrated MgCl.sub.2 solution is obtained, which is important for the further processing of that solution by pyrohydrolysis.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reclamation of metal oxidation catalysts by water extraction of a high boiling residual mixture remaining after separation of a benzene di- and/or tricarboxylic acid; e.g., the phthalic acids, trimesic acid or trimellitic acid and reaction solvent, if one is used, from the fluid oxidation effluents produced by the catalytic liquid phase oxidation of a xylene, mesitylene, psendocumene or o-xylene and psendocumene with a source of molecular oxygen in the presence or in the absence of a reaction solvent.

Abstract: A method for thermally decomposing manganese nitrate in an aqueous solution containing alkali and/or alkaline earth nitrates including splashing said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate to form droplets or sheets of solution, heating said droplets or sheets of solution to partially decompose each droplet or sheet of solution to form manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and reuniting said droplets or sheets of solution containing manganese dioxide with said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate; and/or spraying said aqueous solution containing manganese nitrate to form droplets of solution, heating said droplets of solution to fully decompose each droplet to form nonstoichiometric manganese dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, and recovering said nonstoichiometric manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur dioxide from a gas stream such as a stack gas stream utilizing an aqueous slurry of manganous hydroxide as an absorbant and utilizing a regeneration of manganous hydroxide from manganous sulfate thereby produced.

Abstract: A multi-step process for recovering metal values from lead smelter matte. The matte is mixed with sulfuric acid and manganese oxide and leaching is effected at atmospheric pressure to form an aqueous solution including dissolved metal sulfates and a residue containing sulfur and lead sulfate. The sulfur is removable by conventional means and the lead sulfate may be returned to the smelter. The pH of the aqueous sulfate solution is adjusted to 3.5 to 4.5 to precipitate ferric iron and arsenic and pH is readjusted to about 3.0 to redissolve coprecipitated copper. After separation from the precipitate, the aqueous solution is mixed with a sulfiding agent, such as sodium sulfide at a pH of not more than 3 to selectively precipitate copper sulfide. After separating the copper sulfide, the aqueous solution is mixed with further sulfiding agent at a pH of 3 to 4.5 to form a cobalt-nickel sulfide precipitate in which the weight ratio of copper-nickel to sulfur is 1.8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of manganese from aqueous acidic solution.The process comprises the steps of, (a) introducing into the solution peroxymonosulphuric acid (PMS) in a plurality of stages, normally from 2 to 6, often in the range of from 110 to 160% of the amount theoretically needed to oxidise the manganese to the Mn (IV) oxidation state, (b) introducing from 100 to 133% of the theoretical amount of neutralising agent to neutralise the PMS introduced in step (a), preferably in a single addition and prior to the introduction of the second stages of PMS and, (c) separating precipitated manganese salt from solution. The demanganisation reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of above 60.degree. C. usually in the range of 70.degree. to 90.degree. C.An aqueous acidic manganese-containing solution can be obtained by leaching ores or scrap metal with strong mineral acids.

Abstract: The process of leaching manganiferous ocean nodule ores with HCl whereby the manganese and other metals present, such as iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, and like are converted from oxides, silicates or other insoluble forms to water soluble chlorides, and are thereafter separated, purified, and the manganese recovered as MnO.sub.2 by oxidation with chlorine to provide a material suitable for use in metallurgical applications, may be improved by controlling the chlorine pressure and the pH of the leaching reaction in order to first leach out the metals other than manganese; as chloride, and thereafter recovering the manganese in the form of its silicate, aluminate, oxide, or the like.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a second leaching stage a substantially pure stream of copper free of other metal values, the other metal values, including manganese, nickel and cobalt, having been previously extracted in an earlier leaching stage. Both leaching operations are carried out utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution on a reduced manganese nodule.

Abstract: Nickel, cobalt and manganese are recovered from deep sea nodules by leaching with sulfurous acid. In addition, selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from copper is achieved by suitable adjustment of process variables such as leaching time and volume and concentration of acid.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly in one leaching stage the metal values other than manganese in one ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached initially utilizing a solution of an ammonium salt, e.g., ammonium sulfate, to selectively leach out the manganese value, followed by a second stage leaching with an ammoniacal solution, to leach out the nickel, cobalt and copper values. The nickel, cobalt and copper values can then be individually separated from the second leach solution by liquid ion exchange extraction.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering metal values and salts from brine, such as brine produced from a subterranean geothermal reservoir, in which the brine is pressurized to above the bubble point pressure and thereafter a precipitating agent, such as a soluble sulfide, is added to the brine to form insoluble metal sulfide precipitates. The precipitates are separated from the brine while maintaining the brine at a pressure above the bubble point pressure, and the hot brine is subsequently utilized to derive energy therefrom. The brine effluent after such energy derivation and the precipitate are optionally processed to primarily recover saleable salts and metal values, respectively.

Abstract: A method for selectively extracting metal values from manganese bearing ores such as marine nodules. The ore is initially leached to solubilize manganese and other desirable metals as nitrates. The resulting solution is then treated with manganous hydroxide to selectively precipitate metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt. The enriched mixture of metal hydroxides is separated from the manganese nitrate solution, which is decomposed to recover high purity MnO.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention provides a leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a leaching stage all of the metal values, including manganese, utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached utilizing an ammoniated solution of an ammonium salt comprising at least about 150 grams per liter of ammonium ion and at least 0.83 Normal in the anion, other than hydroxyl. The resultant leach solution comprises the dissolved manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper values from the nodule ore, and can subsequently be treated, as by liquid ion exchange, to separate out the individual metal values.

Abstract: Potassium is recovered as a dilute KOH solution from residue solids resulting from conversion of manganese ore to K.sub.2 MnO.sub.4 by reacting the solids with a Ca(OH).sub.2 under specified conditions. The resulting KOH solution can be returned to the K.sub.2 MnO.sub.4 plant and the solids of reduced potassium content are suitable for disposal in a landfill.

Abstract: A process for extracting metal values from sea nodules is provided in which nickel, cobalt and copper values are selectively extracted by leaching raw sea nodules in an aqueous ammoniacal medium in the presence of a reducing agent for tetravalent manganese and carbonate to precipitate the reduced manganese as manganous carbonate.

Abstract: Metal powders, metal oxide powders, and mixtures thereof of controlled particle size are provided by reacting an aqueous solution containing dissolved metal values with excess urea. Upon heating, urea reacts with water from the solution leaving a molten urea solution containing the metal values. The molten urea solution is heated to above about 180.degree. C. whereupon metal values precipitate homogeneously as a powder. The powder is reduced to metal or calcined to form oxide particles. One or more metal oxides in a mixture can be selectively reduced to produce metal particles or a mixture of metal and metal oxide particles.

Abstract: A process for the preferential removal of soluble manganous ions from a metal bearing solution, particularly a zinc sulfate solution to be subjected to electrolysis for the recovery of zinc, comprising treating said solution with an oxidant capable of oxidizing soluble manganous ion to insoluble and filterable gamma-manganese dioxide at a temperature and for a time sufficient to precipitate at least a portion of the manganese present in said solution as gamma-manganese dioxide, said oxidant being in an amount of from about 130% to 150% of the theoretical amount required for substantially total manganese removal from said solution, and separating said precipitate from said solution.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of crushing of the ore, neutralization by a mixture of water and sulphuric acid, introduction of a controlled quantity of sulphur dioxide gas at a pH value between 1.5 and 4 for promoting dissolution of nickel, copper and a desired quantity of manganese, leaching of the ore with sulphuric acid at a pH value between 1 and 3 for selectively dissolving the nickel and copper, separation of the solid and liquid phases, and separation of the metals contained in the liquid phase.

Abstract: In a process for treating manganese nodules wherein the nodules are reduced so as to convert most of the nickel, copper and cobalt impurities to their metallic state while inhibiting the conversion of the iron and manganese impurities to their metallic state, the resulting reduced ore is wet ground, if necessary, slurried and treated with an aqueous ammoniacal solution containing free oxygen to extract the metallic nickel, copper and cobalt as their ammine complexes. The iron and manganese are removed from the aqueous ammoniacal solution containing iron and manganese as impurities by leaching the slurry of reduced ore by adding sodium chloride or ammonium chloride thereto and blowing air in the leach solution which also contains sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: Metal values are extracted from manganiferous ocean floor nodule ore by treating the ore with hydrochloric acid, thereby producing chlorine and a starting pulp containing a solution of the metal chlorides and a solid residue. The starting pulp is subjected to at least two subsequent acidifications with HCl, each acidification being followed by addition of fresh ore, thereby producing chlorine and a final pulp containing a concentrated solution of metal chlorides and a solid residue. The solid residue is separated from the concentrated solution and substantially all the metal values, except manganese and alkali and alkaline earth metals, are separated from the solution. The manganese is separated from the solution by treatment with chlorine, at least the major portion of which was produced in the preceding leaching steps, while maintaining the solution at a pH of between about 3 and 7 by addition of a neutralizing agent such as MgO or Mg(OH).sub.2 whereby the manganese is precipitated in the form of MnO.sub.

Abstract: When paraffins having a chain of 10 - 40 carbon atoms are reacted with gaseous oxygen in the presence of a manganese bearing catalyst, manganese is present in the oxidation mixture partly as a solute in the liquid mixture, and partly as a sludge. When the oxidation mixture is extracted with a dilute mineral acid, practically the entire manganese values present in the mixture are found in the aqueous extract which is free of significant amounts of organic matter. When a more concentrated aqueous acid is used in the extraction, practically the entire manganese values present are converted to a precipitate which is readily recovered and may be dissolved in water for further processing.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt is provided wherein a sulfide material containing cobalt and nickel is first oxidation-roasted to remove volatiles and to convert the metallic values into their oxides. These oxides are then dissolved in an aqueous solution of HCl. The solution of chloride salts thus produced is contacted with an extraction solvent comprising an admixture of trinormaloctylamine and xylene whereby the bulk of the cobalt along with the iron, copper and zinc impurities and a portion of the manganese impurities present in the original material are stripped by the extraction solvent while the bulk of the nickel and the remainder of the manganese impurities remain in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase containing the nickel and manganese impurities is treated with chlorine gas and nickelous carbonate whereby the manganese is precipitated as manganese dioxide. The nickelous chloride solution is then subjected to electrolysis to produce metallic nickel.

Abstract: A hydrochloric acid leach solution is subjected to a first cycle of extraction by an organic solvent, solvent washing and stripping so that the stripping liquor contains iron, zinc, cadmium and gallium while the liquor constituted by the first raffinate at the outlet of the extraction unit mainly contains nickel, cobalt and copper. In a second extraction cycle, the stripping liquor contains copper while the second raffinate mainly contains cobalt and nickel. In a third extraction cycle, the stripping liquor contains cobalt while the third raffinate mainly contains nickel.

Abstract: An improved hydrometallurgical method is provided for producing technical grade molybdic oxide from molybdenite concentrates. According to this method, the molybdenite concentrates are leached in an acid medium having a nitric acid concentration between about 25 gpl and about 50 gpl and an initial sulphuric acid concentration of nil to about 750 gpl, under oxygen pressure of about 100 - 250 psig and at a temperature above 115.degree. C so as to produce technical grade molybdic oxide having not more than 0.1% sulphur. Then a liquid-solid separation of the reaction mixture is effected and the obtained leach liquor is recycled back to the leaching stage optionally after partial neutralization with a basic reagent. The solid is washed and recovered as technical grade molybdic oxide.This invention relates to a novel method of producing hydrometallurgically technical grade molybdic oxide from molybdenite concentrates.

Abstract: A method for recovering a heavy metal oxidation catalyst used in a liquid-phase oxidation process for producing terephthalic acid from the residue of the reaction mother liquor by stirring the residue together with water in the presence of molecular oxygen and a sulfur compound, subjecting the extracted mixture to a solid-liquid separation to separate the solid impurities, adding the aqueous solution containing the oxidation catalyst to an alkali metal or ammonium carbonate or an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or ammonium carbonate while maintaining the temperature of the system at about 26.degree.C to 70.degree.C, and recovering the heavy metal catalyst as a carbonate precipitate having high purity and good filterability and washability.