Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkane-sulfonation process using alkane and sulfur trioxide, especially pure sulfur trioxide (100%) under solvent-free conditions in the presence of an initiator. It further relates to the use of a precursor which forms “in-situ” an initiator for manufacturing of alkanesulfonic acids, especially methanesulfonic acids.

Abstract: A slurry solution for a Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process includes a wetting agent, a stripper additive that comprises at least one of: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane, and dimethylformamide (DMF), and an oxidizer additive comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), peroxymonosulfuric acid (H2SO5), ozone (O3) in de-ionized water, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for oxidation of SO2 to SO3 comprising the steps of (a) directing a stream of feed gas comprising SO2 and O2 to a catalytically active material, (b) oxidizing an amount of said SO2 in said process gas to SO3 in the presence of the catalytically active material, providing a first oxidized process gas, (c) reacting SO3 with water, (d) condensing H2SO4, (e) withdrawing a first desulphurized process gas and a first stream of sulphuric acid, (f) from the desulphurized process gas withdrawing a recycle stream of desulphurized process gas, wherein the recycle stream is added to said stream of feed gas or said first oxidized process gas with the associated benefit of reducing the molar flow of process gas downstream withdrawal of the recycle stream and upstream the mixing point.

Abstract: This invention describes a sulfurous acid generator that employs a burn chamber that acts as a sulfur hopper. Generally, the burn chamber is not in sulfur communication with a sulfur hopper that is separate and distinct from the burn chamber. Instead, the burn chamber may be adapted to hold enough sulfur to allow the generator to produce sulfurous acid for a desired period of time without needing more sulfur to be added to the sulfur being combusted in the burn chamber.

Abstract: A process for treating a milled product to reduce microbial activity at a high confidence level is disclosed. A sterile ready to eat milled product at a high confidence of sterility is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention describes a sulfurous acid generator that employs a burn chamber that acts as a sulfur hopper. Generally, the burn chamber is not in sulfur communication with a sulfur hopper that is separate and distinct from the burn chamber. Instead, the burn chamber may be adapted to hold enough sulfur to allow the generator to produce sulfurous acid for a desired period of time without needing more sulfur to be added to the sulfur being combusted in the burn chamber.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a concentric hopper and burn chamber in which the burn chamber is surrounded or substantially surrounded by the hopper. The present invention also employs means for substantially eliminating any discharge plume.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of sodium bromide to anhydrous hydrobromic acid and sodium bisulfate, said process with the following sequential steps: reaction of sodium bromide and sulfuric acid in a solution of water to produce hydrobromic acid and sodium bisulfate wherein the conversion of sodium bromide is greater than about 99%; adsorption of iron bromide onto a solid adsorbent; separation of hydrobromic acid and water from the sodium bisulfate; separation and drying of hydrobromic acid; and solidification of the sodium bisulfate into a flaked or granular form.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of sodium bromide to anhydrous hydrobromic acid and sodium bisulfate, said process with the following sequential steps: reaction of sodium bromide and sulfuric acid in a solution of water to produce hydrobromic acid and sodium bisulfate wherein the conversion rate is greater than about 95%; separation of hydrobromic acid and water from the sodium bisulfate; separation of hydrobromic acid from water; and drying of hydrobromic acid.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of sulphur trioxide, solutions of sulphuric acid, or organic derivatives thereof, using organic compounds and/or supercritical fluids, and catalyst. The process comprises the steps of passing a mixture of SO2 and an oxygen-containing gas over an activated carbon catalyst at a temperature of at least 15° C. and preferably at a pressure of 1-200 atmospheres, and stripping the activated carbon with either (i) a liquid organic compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, ethers, decalin, tetrahydrofurans, sulpholanes, glymes and formamides and which is non-reactive with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid, or (ii) a liquid organic compound capable of forming organic sulphates or sulphonates by reaction with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid. The process may be used to obtain sulphuric acid, or organic sulphates or sulphonates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing Caro's acid by introducing hydrogen peroxide of at least 50% by weight through a first fed line into a first reactor conduit sulfuric acid having a concentration of at least 85% by weight through a second feed line into a second reactor conduit independently into a baffled, plug flow mixing reactor without substantial premixing of the sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide, and removing a Caro's acid reaction mixture from the exit end of the plug flow mixing reactor.

Abstract: A process for treating precious metal tailing slurries with Caro's acid, in which the Caro's acid is accompanied by reduced amounts of Caro's acid mist, is disclosed. The hot Caro's acid-containing mixture, formed by reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, is quenched with water to reduce or eliminate the Caro's acid mist. The resulting cooled and diluted mixture is introduced into a precious metal tailings slurry to reduce the amount of cyanide values in the slurry.

Abstract: A process for reducing or eliminating Caro's acid mist, created when producing a hot mixture containing Caro's acid by reaction of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, is carried out by quenching the hot Caro's acid mixture with water to both cool and dilute the Caro's acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing Caro's acid by reaction of at least 85% by weight sulfuric acid and at least 50% by weight hydrogen peroxide wherein the sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are fed through separate feed lines into a funneling zone open to the atmosphere, the feed lines having air gaps between their ends and the funneling zone; passing said hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid by gravity flow from said funneling zone into one end of a reaction zone whose size permits a pressure drop which is at least 8 times the theoretical pressure drop for such reaction zone and removing a mixture containing Caro's acid from the exit end of the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing Caro's acid by reaction of at least 85% by weight sulfuric acid and at least 50% by weight hydrogen peroxide wherein the sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are fed through separate feed lines into a funneling zone open to the atmosphere, the feed lines having air gaps between their ends and the funneling zone; continuing to introduce the sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide into the funneling zone to flow and mix within the funneling zone, passing the resulting mixture by gravity flow into one end of a reaction zone whose size permits a pressure drop which is at least 8 times the theoretical pressure drop for such reaction zone and removing a mixture containing Caro's acid from the exit end of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Production of peroxomonosulphuric acid (Caro's acid) by reaction between concentrated hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid solutions can be impaired substantially when substoichiometric amounts of sulphuric acid are employed.The problem is ameliorated or removed by first forming a body of sulphuric acid-rich fluid (usually the smaller volume) and thereafter introducing into that body of fluid the hydrogen peroxide solution (usually the larger volume). The reaction mixture progressively becomes sulphuric acid-lean. The body of fluid is advantageously either concentrated sulphuric acid itself, or a premix formed by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and at least an equimolar amount of sulphuric acid. The process is particularly suitable for making Caro's acid when from 0.02 to 0.5 moles of sulphuric acid is employed per mole of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Conventional plant to produce peroxomonosulphuric acid (Caro's acid) is large and emphasises extensive cooling, so that it is awkward to transport, can be cumbersome to install beside existing plant and can suffer from relatively expensive capital and/or running costs.In the present invention, Caro's acid is generated continuously in relatively small plant adiabatically, by introducing concentrated hydrogen peroxide into a stream of concentrated sulphuric acid in a reaction chamber dimensioned so that the throughput is very fast. In particularly suitable embodiments, the reaction chamber is annular at the points of introduction of the reagents, its width being greater in the vicinity of the hydrogen peroxide inlet than in the vicinity of the sulphuric acid inlet. The hydrogen peroxide inlet is preferably angled backwardly so that its encounter angle with the sulphuric acid stream is over 90.degree. to about 165.degree..

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are described for the production of peroxyacids from concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide and an oxyacid. The total amount of concentrated hydrogen peroxide is divided into at least two portions which are added separately in series to the concentrated oxyacid.

Abstract: Process for regenerating spent acid is improved by using oxygen-enriched air for combustion, recycling stack gases, and preheating spent acid and air fed to the furnace.

Abstract: In a process according to the present invention uranium is extracted into solution from its ore by leaching with an aqueous solution containing peroxomonosulphuric acid, the peroxoacid oxidizing the uranium through to its hexavalent state. Preferably the leaching is carried out at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. The leach liquor can initially contain additional amounts of sulphuric acid or merely that present by virtue of the method of making the peroxomonosulphuric acid. In a preferred method of operation, the peroxoacid is introduced progressively into the leach liquor during the course of the leaching so as to maintain an electrochemical potential in the range of 450 to 650 mV.By use of the process, uranium is cleanly extracted into solution.

Abstract: High strength peroxymonosulfate is prepared by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a solution of a soluble peroxydisulfate whereby the heat of solvation of the sulfuric acid hydrolyzes the peroxydisulfate to the peroxymonosulfate; the temperature is controlled to provide a range of about 140.degree. to 160.degree. F. After about 15 to 45 minutes, the solution is cooled rapidly to about room temperature.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide-containing waste gases whose complete treatment is indispensable from the viewpoint of environmental pollution problem, are purified in two steps consisting of a first step in which the gases are absorbed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or/and sodium sulfide, and a second step in which sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide gas are simultaneously introduced into the resulting solution after absorption to deposit sulfur. Further, for recovery of the resulting sulfur, a particular apparatus is provided.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.